March 10

March 10 is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 296 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday (58 in 400 years each) than on Sunday or Monday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Wednesday or Friday (56).

Events

• 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
• 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa against the Berbers, and makes a triumphal entry into Carthage.
• 1607 – Susenyos I defeats the combined armies of Yaqob and Abuna Petros II at the Battle of Gol in Gojjam, making him Emperor of Ethiopia.
• 1629 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, beginning the eleven-year period known as the Personal Rule.
• 1735 – An agreement between Nader Shah and Russia is signed near Ganja, Azerbaijan and Russian troops are withdrawn from Baku.
• 1762 – French Huguenot Jean Calas, who had been wrongly convicted of killing his son, dies after being tortured by authorities; the event inspired Voltaire to begin a campaign for religious tolerance and legal reform.
• 1804 – Louisiana Purchase: In St. Louis, Missouri, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.
• 1814 – Napoleon I of France is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
• 1816 – Crossing of the Andes: A group of royalist scouts are captured during the Action of Juncalito.
• 1830 – The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army is created.
• 1848 – The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican–American War.
• 1861 – El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Ségou, destroying the Bamana Empire of Mali.
• 1876 – The first successful test of a telephone is made by Alexander Graham Bell.
• 1891 – Almon Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas, patents the Strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone circuit switching.
• 1906 – The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in northern France.
• 1909 – By signing the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, Thailand relinquishes its sovereignty over the Malay states of Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu, which become British protectorates.
• 1915 – The Battle of Neuve Chapelle begins. This is the first large-scale operation by the British Army in WWI.
• 1917 – Some provinces and cities in the Philippines are incorporated due to the ratification of Act No. 2711 or the Administrative Code of the Philippines.
• 1922 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested in India, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years in prison, only to be released after nearly two years for an appendicitis operation.
• 1933 – The 6.4 M_w Long Beach earthquake affects the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 115–120 people dead, and causing an estimated $40 million in damage.
• 1944 – Greek Civil War: The Political Committee of National Liberation is established in Greece by the National Liberation Front.
• 1945 – The U.S. Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting conflagration kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.
• 1952 – Fulgencio Batista leads a successful coup in Cuba and appoints himself as the "provisional president".
• 1959 – Tibetan uprising: Fearing an abduction attempt by China, thousands of Tibetans surround the Dalai Lama's palace to prevent his removal.
• 1966 – Military Prime Minister of South Vietnam Nguyễn Cao Kỳ sacked rival General Nguyễn Chánh Thi, precipitating large-scale civil and military dissension in parts of the nation.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: Battle of Lima Site 85, concluding the 11th with largest single ground combat loss of United States Air Force members (12) during that war.
• 1969 – In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King, Jr. He later unsuccessfully attempts to recant.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: Captain Ernest Medina is charged by the U.S. military with My Lai war crimes.
• 1975 – Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh Campaign: North Vietnamese troops attack Ban Mê Thuột in the South on their way to capturing Saigon in the final push for victory over South Vietnam.
• 1977 – Astronomers discover the rings of Uranus.
• 1990 – In Haiti, Prosper Avril is ousted 18 months after seizing power in a coup.
• 2000 – The Nasdaq Composite stock market index peaks at 5132.52, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.
• 2006 – The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter arrives at Mars.
• 2017 – The impeachment of President Park Geun-hye of South Korea in response to a major political scandal is unanimously upheld by the country's Constitutional Court, ending her presidency.

Births

• 852 – Qian Liu, Chinese warlord and king (d. 932)
• 1415 – Vasily II of Moscow (d. 1462)
• 1430 – Oliviero Carafa, Catholic cardinal (d. 1511)
• 1452 – Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1516)
• 1503 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1564)
• 1536 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, English politician, Earl Marshal of the United Kingdom (d. 1572)
• 1549 – Francis Solanus, Spanish missionary and saint (d. 1610)
• 1590 – Dietrich Reinkingk, German lawyer and politician (d. 1664)
• 1604 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German-Dutch alchemist and chemist (d. 1670)
• 1607 – Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English statesman (d. 1667)
• 1628 – François Girardon, French sculptor (d. 1715)
• 1628 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician and biologist (d. 1694)
• 1652 – Giacomo Serpotta, Italian Rococo sculptor (d. 1732)
• 1653 – John Benbow, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1702)
• 1709 – Georg Wilhelm Steller, German botanist, zoologist, physician, and explorer (d. 1746)
• 1745 – John Gunby, American general (d. 1807)
• 1749 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, Italian-American priest and poet (d. 1838)
• 1769 – Joseph Williamson, English businessman and philanthropist (d. 1840)
• 1772 – Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel, German poet and critic (d. 1829)
• 1777 – Louis Hersent, French painter (d. 1860)
• 1787 – Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo, Spanish playwright and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1862)
• 1787 – William Etty, English painter and academic (d. 1849)
• 1788 – Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, German author, poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1857)
• 1788 – Edward Hodges Baily, English sculptor (d. 1867)
• 1795 – Joseph Légaré, Canadian painter and glazier, artist, seigneur and political figure (d. 1855)
• 1810 – Samuel Ferguson, Irish poet and lawyer (d. 1886)
• 1844 – Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (d. 1908)
• 1844 – Marie Euphrosyne Spartali, British Pre-Raphaelite painter (d. 1927)
• 1845 – Alexander III of Russia (d. 1894)
• 1846 – Edward Baker Lincoln, American son of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1850)
• 1850 – Spencer Gore, English tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906)
• 1853 – Thomas Mackenzie, Scottish-New Zealand cartographer and politician, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
• 1864 – Ādams Alksnis, Latvian painter (d. 1897)
• 1867 – Hector Guimard, French-American architect, designed the La Bluette (d. 1942)
• 1867 – Lillian Wald, American nurse, humanitarian, and author, founded the Henry Street Settlement (d. 1940)
• 1870 – David Riazanov, Russian theorist and politician (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Jakob Wassermann, German-Austrian soldier and author (d. 1934)
• 1876 – Edvard Eriksen, Danish-Icelandic sculptor and woodcarver (d. 1959)
• 1876 – Anna Hyatt Huntington, American sculptor (d. 1973)
• 1881 – Jessie Boswell, English painter (d. 1956)
• 1885 – Tamara Karsavina, Russian-English ballerina and educator (d. 1978)
• 1888 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (d. 1961)
• 1889 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu, Japanese martial artist and educator (d. 1972)
• 1890 – Gakuryō Nakamura, Japanese painter and designer (d. 1969)
• 1891 – Sam Jaffe, American actor and engineer (d. 1984)
• 1892 – Arthur Honegger, French-Swiss composer and educator (d. 1955)
• 1892 – Gregory La Cava, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1952)
• 1896 – Frederick Coulton Waugh, British cartoonist, painter, teacher and author (d. 1973)
• 1900 – Pandelis Pouliopoulos, Greek lawyer and politician (d. 1943)
• 1901 – Michel Seuphor, Belgian painter (d. 1999)
• 1903 – Bix Beiderbecke, American cornet player, pianist, and composer (d. 1931)
• 1903 – Clare Boothe Luce, American playwright, journalist, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Italy (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Chandler Harper, American golfer (d. 2004)
• 1914 – K. P. Ratnam, Sri Lankan academic and politician (d. 2010)
• 1915 – Harry Bertoia, Italian-American sculptor and furniture designer (d. 1978)
• 1916 – Davie Fulton, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 2000)
• 1917 – David Hare, American Surrealist artist, sculptor, photographer and painter (d. 1992)
• 1917 – Frank Perconte, American soldier (d. 2013)
• 1918 – Günther Rall, German general and pilot (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Marion Hutton, American singer and actress (d. 1987)
• 1920 – Alfred Peet, Dutch-American businessman, founded Peet's Coffee & Tea (d. 2007)
• 1920 – Boris Vian, French author and playwright (d. 1959)
• 1922 – Kiyoshi Yamashita, Japanese painter (d. 1971)
• 1923 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Judith Jones, literary and cookbook editor (d. 2017)
• 1925 – Bob Lanier, American lawyer, banker, and politician, 58th Mayor of Houston (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Marques Haynes, American basketball player (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Claude Laydu, Belgian-French actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Paul Wunderlich, German painter, sculptor and graphic artist (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Sara Montiel, Spanish actress (d. 2013)
• 1928 – James Earl Ray, American criminal; assassin of Martin Luther King Jr. (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Sam Steiger, American journalist and politician (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Sándor Iharos, Hungarian runner (d. 1996)
• 1931 – Georges Dor, Canadian author, playwright, and composer (d. 2001)
• 1932 – Marcia Falkender, Baroness Falkender, English politician
• 1932 – Udupi Ramachandra Rao, Indian physicist and engineer
• 1933 – Elizabeth Azcona Cranwell, Argentinian poet and translator (d. 2004)
• 1934 – Gergely Kulcsár, Hungarian javelin thrower and coach
• 1935 – Graham Farmer, Australian footballer and coach
• 1936 – Sepp Blatter, Swiss businessman
• 1936 – Alfredo Zitarrosa, Uruguayan singer-songwriter and journalist (d. 1989)
• 1938 – Norman Blake, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1938 – Ieronymos II of Athens, Greek archbishop
• 1939 – Asghar Ali Engineer, Indian activist and author (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Hugh Johnson, English author and critic
• 1939 – Irina Press, Ukrainian-Russian hurdler and pentathlete (d. 2004)
• 1940 – Chuck Norris, American actor, producer, and martial artist
• 1940 – David Rabe, American playwright and screenwriter
• 1943 – Peter Berresford Ellis, English historian and author
• 1945 – Katharine Houghton, American actress and playwright
• 1945 – Madhavrao Scindia, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Railways (d. 2001)
• 1946 – Gérard Garouste, French contemporary artist
• 1946 – Mike Hollands, Australian animator and director, founded Act3animation
• 1946 – Jim Valvano, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993)
• 1947 – Kim Campbell, Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Canada
• 1948 – Austin Carr, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1949 – Bill Buxton, Canadian computer scientist and academic
• 1949 – Barbara Corcoran, American businesswoman and television personality
• 1952 – Morgan Tsvangirai, Zimbabwean politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
• 1953 – Paul Haggis, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1954 – Didier Barbelivien, French singer-songwriter
• 1955 – Toshio Suzuki, Japanese race car driver
• 1956 – Robert Llewellyn, English actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1956 – Larry Myricks, American long jumper and sprinter
• 1957 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi Arabian terrorist, founded al-Qaeda (d. 2011)
• 1958 – Garth Crooks, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1958 – Steve Howe, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• 1958 – Sharon Stone, American actress and producer
• 1961 – Laurel Clark, American captain, physician, and astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1961 – Bobby Petrino, American football player and coach
• 1962 – Jasmine Guy, American actress, singer, and director
• 1962 – Seiko Matsuda, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
• 1963 – Jeff Ament, American bass player and songwriter
• 1963 – Felipe Ramos, Mexican footballer and referee
• 1963 – Rick Rubin, American record producer, founded Def Jam Recordings
• 1964 – Neneh Cherry, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
• 1964 – Jojo Lastimosa, Filipino basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Nikola Mladenov, Macedonian journalist (d. 2013)
• 1965 – Jillian Richardson, Canadian sprinter
• 1965 – Rod Woodson, American football player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1966 – Edie Brickell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1966 – Mike Timlin, American baseball player
• 1967 – Omer Tarin, Pakistani-English poet and scholar
• 1968 – Thio Li-ann, Singaporean lawyer and academic
• 1968 – Pavel Srníček, Czech footballer and coach (d. 2015)
• 1970 – Matt Barlow, American singer-songwriter
• 1971 – Jon Hamm, American actor and director
• 1972 – Timbaland, American rapper and producer
• 1973 – Jason Croker, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1973 – Chris Sutton, English footballer and manager
• 1973 – Mauricio Taricco, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Cristián de la Fuente, Chilean-American model, actor, and producer
• 1975 – Jamie Arnold, American-Israeli basketball player and coach
• 1976 – Barbara Schett, Austrian tennis player and sportscaster
• 1977 – Robin Thicke, American singer
• 1978 – Camille, French singer-songwriter and actress
• 1978 – Neil Alexander, Scottish footballer
• 1980 – Lars Horntveth, Norwegian saxophonist and composer
• 1981 – Samuel Eto'o, Cameroonian footballer and manager
• 1981 – Ángel López, Spanish footballer
• 1981 – Steven Reid, English-Irish footballer and manager
• 1982 – Kwame Brown, American basketball player
• 1982 – Keke Wyatt, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1983 – Étienne Boulay, Canadian football player
• 1983 – Rafe Spall, English actor
• 1983 – Janet Mock, American journalist, author, and activist
• 1983 – Carrie Underwood, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1984 – Ben May, English footballer
• 1984 – Olivia Wilde, American actress and producer
• 1985 – Lassana Diarra, French footballer
• 1985 – Casey Dienel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1987 – Martellus Bennett, American football player
• 1987 – Greg Eastwood, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1987 – Ebba Jungmark, Swedish high jumper
• 1987 – Tuukka Rask, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1987 – Liu Shishi, Chinese actress and ballerina
• 1988 – Josh Hoffman, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player
• 1992 – Neeskens Kebano, French-born Congolese football player
• 1993 – Jack Butland, English footballer
• 1995 – Zach LaVine, American basketball player
• 1995 – Sergey Mozgov, Russian ice dancer
• 1997 – Julia Barretto, Filipino actress and singer
• 1997 – Belinda Bencic, Swiss tennis player

Deaths

• 483 – Pope Simplicius
• 933 – Li Renfu, Chinese warlord and governor
• 948 – Liu Zhiyuan, Shatuo founder of the Later Han dynasty (b. 895)
• 1039 – Eudes, Duke of Gascony
• 1222 – Johan Sverkersson, king of Sweden since 1216 (b. 1201)
• 1315 – Agnes Blannbekin, Austrian mystic (b. c.1244)
• 1391 – Tvrtko I of Bosnia (b. 1338)
• 1476 – Richard West, 7th Baron De La Warr (b. 1430)
• 1510 – Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, Swiss priest and theologian (b. 1445)
• 1513 – John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, English commander and politician, Lord High Constable of England (b. 1443)
• 1528 – Balthasar Hübmaier, influential German/Moravian Anabaptist leader (b. 1480)
• 1572 – William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester (b. c. 1483)
• 1585 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (b. 1517)
• 1588 – Theodor Zwinger, Swiss physician and scholar (b. 1533)
• 1670 – Johann Rudolf Glauber, German-Dutch chemist and engineer (b. 1604)
• 1724 – Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (b. 1641)
• 1776 – Élie Catherine Fréron, French author and critic (b. 1719)
• 1792 – John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Scottish politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1713)
• 1823 – George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith, Scottish admiral and politician (d. 1746)
• 1832 – Muzio Clementi, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1752)
• 1861 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, playwright, and ethnographer (b. 1814)
• 1872 – Giuseppe Mazzini, Italian journalist and politician (b. 1805)
• 1898 – Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French nun and saint, founded the Religious of the Assumption (b. 1817)
• 1895 – Charles Frederick Worth, English-French fashion designer, founded the House of Worth (b. 1826)
• 1897 – Savitribai Phule, Indian poet and activist (b. 1831)
• 1910 – Karl Lueger, Austrian lawyer and politician Mayor of Vienna (b. 1844)
• 1910 – Carl Reinecke, German pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1824)
• 1913 – Harriet Tubman, American nurse and activist (b. 1820)
• 1925 – Myer Prinstein, Polish-American jumper and lawyer (b. 1878)
• 1930 – Misuzu Kaneko, Japanese poet and songwriter (b. 1903)
• 1937 – Yevgeny Zamyatin, Russian journalist and author (b. 1884)
• 1940 – Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian novelist and playwright (b. 1891)
• 1942 – Wilbur Scoville, American pharmacist and chemist (b. 1865)
• 1948 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American author, poet, and dancer (b. 1900)
• 1948 – Jan Masaryk, Czech soldier and politician (b. 1886)
• 1951 – Kijūrō Shidehara, Japanese lawyer and politician, 44th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1872)
• 1965 – Archibald Frazer-Nash, English engineer, founded Frazer Nash (b. 1889)
• 1966 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
• 1966 – Frank O'Connor, Irish short story writer, novelist, and poet (b. 1903)
• 1977 – E. Power Biggs, English-American organist and composer (b. 1906)
• 1982 – Minoru Shirota, Japanese physician and microbiologist, invented Yakult (b. 1899)
• 1985 – Konstantin Chernenko, Russian soldier and politician, 8th Head of State of The Soviet Union (b. 1911)
• 1985 – Bob Nieman, American baseball player and scout (b. 1927)
• 1986 – Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (b. 1905)
• 1988 – Andy Gibb, Manx-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1958)
• 1989 – Kermit Beahan, American colonel and pilot (b. 1918)
• 1990 – Pat McDonald, Australian actress (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Giorgos Zampetas, Greek bouzouki player and composer (b. 1925)
• 1996 – Ross Hunter, American film producer (b. 1926)
• 1997 – LaVern Baker, American singer and actress (b. 1929)
• 1998 – Lloyd Bridges, American actor and director (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Oswaldo Guayasamín, Ecuadorian painter and sculptor (b. 1919)
• 2001 – Massimo Morsello, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
• 2004 – Renos Apostolidis, Greek philologist, author, and critic (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Dave Allen, Irish-English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1936)
• 2006 – Anna Moffo, American soprano (b. 1932)
• 2007 – Ernie Ladd, American football player and wrestler (b. 1938)
• 2010 – Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy, Egyptian scholar and academic (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Bill Blackbeard, American author and illustrator (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Bert R. Bulkin, American engineer (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Jean Giraud, French author and illustrator (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Mykola Plaviuk, Ukrainian politician, President Ukrainian People's Republic in Exile (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Tan Boon Teik, Malaysian-Singaporean lawyer and politician, Attorney-General of Singapore (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Jim Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Robert Chrisman, American poet, scholar, and critic, co-founded The Black Scholar (b. 1937)
• 2013 – Danny Zialcita, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 2014 – Don Ingalls, American writer and producer (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Samuel W. Lewis, American diplomat, United States Ambassador to Israel (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Joe McGinniss, American journalist and author (b. 1942)
• 2014 – Rob Williams, American basketball player (b. 1961)
• 2015 – Richard Glatzer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
• 2016 – Ken Adam, German-English production designer and art director (b. 1921)
• 2016 – Keith Emerson, English keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1944)
• 2016 – Roberto Perfumo, Argentinian footballer and sportscaster (b. 1942)
• 2016 – Jovito Salonga, Filipino lawyer and politician, 14th President of the Senate of the Philippines (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Anita Brookner, English novelist and art historian (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Joni Sledge, American singer and songwriter (b. 1956)

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Anastasia the Patrician
  • Harriet Tubman (Lutheran)
  • Himelin
  • John Ogilvie
  • Macarius of Jerusalem
  • Marie-Eugénie de Jésus
  • Pope Simplicius
  • Sojourner Truth (Lutheran)
  • March 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Harriet Tubman Day (United States of America)
• Holocaust Remembrance Day (Bulgaria)
• Hote Matsuri (Shiogama, Japan)
• National Mario Day (United States)
• National Women and Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (United States)
• Tibetan Uprising Day (Tibetan independence movement)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to March 10.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• Today in Canadian History