1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | |||
| Other names
Pseudocumene, Asymmetrical trimethylbenzene, psi-cumene | |||
| Identifiers | |||
| 3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.216 | ||
| KEGG | |||
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| Properties | |||
| C9H12 | |||
| Molar mass | 120.19 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
| Density | 0.8761 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | −43.78 °C (−46.80 °F; 229.37 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 169 to 171 °C (336 to 340 °F; 442 to 444 K) | ||
| -101.6·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich MSDS | ||
| EU classification (DSD) (outdated) |
Harmful (Xn); Dangerous for the environment (N) | ||
| Flash point | 44.4 °C (111.9 °F; 317.5 K) | ||
| Explosive limits | 0.9%–6.4%[2] | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
| PEL (Permissible) |
none[2] | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (what is  ?) | |||
| Infobox references | |||
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, also known as pseudocumene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H3(CH3)3. Classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon, it is a flammable colorless liquid with a strong odor. It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It occurs naturally in coal tar and petroleum (about 3%).
Production
Industrially, it is isolated from the C9 aromatic hydrocarbon fraction during petroleum distillation. Approximately 40% of this fraction is 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. It is also generated by methylation of toluene and xylenes and the disproportionation of xylene over aluminosilicate catalysts.[3]
Uses
Pseudocumene is a precursor to mellitic anhydride, from which high performance polymers are made. It is also used as a sterilizing agent and in the manufacture of dyes, perfumes, and resins. Another major use is as a gasoline additive.[4]
Scintillator
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene dissolved in mineral oil is used as a liquid scintillator [5] in particle physics experiments such as NOνA and Borexino.
See also
References
- ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7929
- 1 2 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0638". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ Karl Griesbaum, Arno Behr, Dieter Biedenkapp, Heinz-Werner Voges, Dorothea Garbe, Christian Paetz, Gerd Collin, Dieter Mayer, Hartmut Höke "Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227
- ↑ "Chemical Summary for 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene" (text). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1994-08-01. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
- ↑ Mufson, S.; et al. (November 1, 2015). "Liquid scintillator production for the NOvA experiment". Nuclear Instruments and Methods A. 799: 1. Bibcode:2015NIMPA.799....1M. arXiv:1504.04035
. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.07.026. Retrieved 2016-06-15.