.su

.su
Introduced 1990
TLD type Country code top-level domain
Status Active
Registry Russian Institute for Public Networks (РосНИИРОС)
Sponsor Russian Institute for Public Networks (РосНИИРОС)
Intended use  Soviet Union
Actual use Used by entities from the post-Soviet states
Registered domains 118,335 (June 1st, 2017)[1]
Registration restrictions None
Structure Registrations are permitted directly at the second level
Documents www.fid.su/su/docs/
Dispute policies None
Website www.fid.su
DNSSEC yes

.su was assigned as the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Soviet Union (USSR) on 19 September 1990. Even though the Soviet Union itself was dissolved a mere 15 months later, the .su top-level domain remains in use today. It is administered by the Russian Institute for Public Networks (RIPN, or RosNIIROS in Russian transcription).

History

After 1989 a set of new internet domains was created in Europe, including .pl (Poland), .cs (Czechoslovakia), .yu (Yugoslavia) and .dd (East Germany). Among them there was also a domain for the USSR – .su.[2] Initially, before two-letter ccTLDs became standard, the Soviet Union was to receive a .ussr domain. The .su domain was proposed by the then-19-year-old Finnish student Petri Ojala.[3] On 26 December 1991 the country formally ceased to exist and its constituent republics gained independence, which should have caused the domain to begin a phase-out process, as happened with those of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Until 1993[2] there was no assigned top-level domain name for Russia. For this reason the country continued to use the Soviet domain. In 1993 the .ru domain was created, which is supposed to eventually replace the .su domain[2] (domains for the republics other than Russia were created at different times in the mid-nineties; however, the domain usage outside the Russian region is slim). The domain was supposed to be withdrawn by ICANN, but it was kept at the request of the Russian government and Internet users.[2]

In 2001, the managers of the domain stated that they would commence accepting new .su registrations, but it is unclear whether this action was compatible with ICANN policies. ICANN has expressed intentions to terminate the .su domain and IANA states that the domain is being phased out,[4] but lobbyists stated in September 2007 that they had started negotiations with ICANN on retaining the domain.[5] In the first quarter of 2008, .su registrations increased by 45%.[6]

Usage

The domain was intended to be used by Soviet institutions and companies operating in the USSR. Despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the superseding of the TLD by the new country TLDs of the republics that gained independence, it is still in use. Most of the .su domains are registered in Russia and the United States.[7] According to the RU-CENTER data from May 2010, there were over 93,500 registered domains with the .su TLD (there are over 2.8 million .ru domains).[8] Among the institutions still using this domain is the Russian pro-Vladimir Putin youth movement Nashi,[9] as well as by the pro-Russian armed insurgency in Eastern Ukraine.[10] Some organizations with roots in the former Soviet Union also still use this TLD.[11]

The domain has been reported to host many cybercrime activities due to the lax, outdated terms of use, and staying out of focus (2% usage comparing to the primary .ru zone)[12][13] Rules for timely suspension of malicious domains[13] have been in place since 2013.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Domeny Rossii - Celi ispol'zovanija domenov" Домены России - Цели использования доменов (in Russian). cctld.ru, tcinet.ru. Archived from the original on 2017-06-01. Retrieved 2017-06-01. Total number of domains: 118,335. Active websites (not parked, erroring or under construction): 41,487 (35.06%).
  2. 1 2 3 4 Marcin Kryska. "Domena internetowa SU" (in Polish). Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  3. ↑ "Юбилей Рунета: 10 лет назад финн Петри Ойала зарегистрировал домен .su" (in Russian). Retrieved 12 January 2010.
  4. ↑ .su Domain Delegation Data IANA
  5. ↑ Kilner, James (19 September 2007). "USSR still alive on Internet and won't go quietly". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  6. ↑ Back in the USSR: Soviet Internet domain name resists death, Mansur Mirovalev, writing for Associated Press, 18 April 2008
  7. ↑ "Domena .su wciąż używana, chociaż ZSRR już nie ma" (in Polish). Retrieved 12 January 2010.
  8. ↑ "RU TLD: Registration and Delegation Statistics". Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  9. ↑ Nashi. Молодёжное демократическое антифашистское движение НАШИ / Главная (in Russian). Retrieved 12 January 2010.
  10. ↑ "Новороссия". novorossia.su (in Russian).
  11. ↑ "Tons of Hackers are Hanging out in old Soviet Cyberspace". Gizmodo.
  12. ↑ "Old Soviet Union domain name attracts cybercriminal interest". 31 May 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  13. 1 2 "Group-IB and Foundation for Internet Development sign an agreement to combat cyber threats in the .SU domain zone".
  14. ↑ "Генеральная уборка в домене SU".
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