Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial
An établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial or EPIC is a category of public undertaking in France. It includes state-controlled entities of an industrial or commercial nature, including some research institutes and infrastructure operators. Some former French colonies, such as Algeria and Burkina Faso, also use this term for such agencies.
EPICs were first recognized as a specific form of public agencies by the Court of Arbitration's (Tribunal des Conflits) case law in 1921.[1] In accordance with art. 34 of the French Constitution, they can only be created by a law.
Not every company whose capital is held by the state or a state-owned entity is an EPIC. An EPIC is under special laws which do not apply to enterprises under private company law, even if the capital of those companies is held by the state.
List of EPICs in France
Current
- Airport Basel-Mulhouse
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), the energy research agency
- Ifremer, "Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer", an oceanographic institute
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, (IRSN) the French institute for radioprotection and nuclear safety
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques, (Ineris), the French institute for industrial environment and risks
- Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais, a standards laboratory
- Monnaie de Paris, the French mint authority
- ONF, the national forestry service
- ONERA, the aerospace laboratory
- Opéra national de Paris
- RATP
- Réseau ferré de France (RFF), the national railway infrastructure company
- SNCF, Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français
- Voies navigables de France (VNF), the inland waterways authority
- ENSCI-Les Ateliers, an industrial design school
- Campus France
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, CIRAD, a Research Institute
Former EPICs
Former public service operations which have been turned into companies governed by private law include:
- Aéroports de Paris (ADP)
- EDF, the national electricity company
- GDF, the national gas company
- Seita, the former tobacco monopoly
Legal basis in external documents from Legifrance
- Dispositions générales applicables aux établissements du secteur public
- Régime comptable des établissements publics à caractère industriel et commercial