Zosterops
Zosterops | |
---|---|
Black-capped white-eye Zosterops atricapilla | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Zosteropidae (disputed) |
Genus: | Zosterops Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 |
Species | |
Some 75, see text. |
Zosterops is a genus of birds containing the typical white-eyes. They are traditionally placed in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae, which, however, is now considered part of the Timaliidae ([1][2]).
This genus has the highest number of species among the white-eyes by far. They occur in the Afrotropic ecoregion, the Indomalaya zone, and the Australasia ecozone. Typical white-eyes can reach a length between 8 and 15 cm. Their most characteristic feature is the conspicuous white-feather ring around the eye, though some species lack it. The species in this group vary in the structural adaptations of the tongue.[3]
Systematics
A review of new DNA sequence data (Jønsson & Fjeldså 2006) suggests the genus might not be monophyletic. Few species have been researched, however, with the highest density of sampled taxa being from Micronesia. There, it appears, a more distinct eastern lineage and a western one closer to East Asian species occur. The relationships of the former to the Rukia white-eyes need investigation.
- Fernando Po speirops (Zosterops brunneus)
- Príncipe speirops (Zosterops leucophoeus)
- Black-capped speirops (Zosterops lugubris)
- Mount Cameroon speirops (Zosterops melanocephalus)
- African yellow white-eye, Zosterops senegalensis
- Cameroon green white-eye, Zosterops (senegalensis) stenocricotus
- Kirk's white-eye, Zosterops kirki
- Pemba white-eye, Zosterops vaughani
- Mayotte white-eye, Zosterops mayottensis
- Montane white-eye, Zosterops poliogastrus (formerly poliogaster)
- Kulal white-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) kulalensis
- Taita white-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) silvanus
- South Pare white-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) winifredae
- Kikuyu white-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) kikuyuensis
- Mbulu white-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) mbuluensis
- Abyssinian white-eye, Zosterops abyssinicus
- Cape white-eye, Zosterops virens
- Orange River white-eye, Zosterops pallidus
- Malagasy white-eye, Zosterops maderaspatanus
- Karthala white-eye, Zosterops mouroniensis
- Marianne white-eye, Zosterops semiflavus (extinct: late 19th century)
- São Tomé white-eye, Zosterops feae
- Príncipe white-eye, Zosterops ficedulinus
- Annobón white-eye, Zosterops griseovirescens
- Réunion grey white-eye, Zosterops borbonicus
- Mauritius grey white-eye, Zosterops mauritianus
- Réunion olive white-eye, Zosterops olivaceus
- Mauritius olive white-eye, Zosterops chloronothos
- Seychelles white-eye, Zosterops modestus
- Sri Lanka white-eye, Zosterops ceylonensis
- Chestnut-flanked white-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus
- Oriental white-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus
- Japanese white-eye, Zosterops japonicus
- Borodino Islands white-eye, Zosterops japonicus daitoensis
- Lowland white-eye, Zosterops meyeni
- Enggano white-eye, Zosterops salvadorii
- Bridled white-eye, Zosterops conspicillatus (possibly poly- or paraphyletic)
- Guam bridled white-eye, Zosterops (conspicillatus) conspicillatus (extinct: 1983)
- Rota white-eye, Zosterops rotensis (formerly in conspicillatus)
- Plain white-eye, Zosterops hypolais
- Citrine white-eye, Zosterops semperi
- Black-capped white-eye, Zosterops atricapilla (formerly atricapillus)
- Everett's white-eye, Zosterops everetti
- Yellowish white-eye, Zosterops nigrorum
- Mountain white-eye, Zosterops montanus
- Christmas white-eye, Zosterops natalis
- Javan white-eye, Zosterops flavus
- Lemon-bellied white-eye, Zosterops chloris
- Ashy-bellied white-eye, Zosterops citrinella (formerly citrinellus)
- Pearl-bellied white-eye, Zosterops grayi
- Golden-bellied white-eye, Zosterops uropygialis
- Pale-bellied white-eye, Zosterops consobrinorum
- Black-ringed white-eye, Zosterops anomalus
- Yellow-ringed white-eye, Zosterops wallacei
- Black-crowned white-eye, Zosterops atrifrons
- Sulawesi black-crowned white-eye, Zosterops (atrifrons) subatrifrons
- Sangihe white-eye, Zosterops nehrkorni (formerly in atrifrons)
- Seram white-eye, Zosterops stalkeri (formerly in atrifrons)
- Cream-throated white-eye, Zosterops atriceps
- Black-fronted white-eye, Zosterops minor (sometimes included in atrifrons)
- Tagula white-eye, Zosterops meeki
- Bismarck white-eye, Zosterops hypoxanthus
- Biak white-eye, Zosterops mysorensis
- Capped white-eye, Zosterops fuscicapilla (formerly fuscicapillus)
- Buru white-eye, Zosterops buruensis
- Ambon white-eye, Zosterops kuehni
- Papuan white-eye, Zosterops novaeguineae
- Canary white-eye, Zosterops luteus
- Louisiade white-eye, Zosterops griseotinctus
- Rennell white-eye, Zosterops rennellianus
- Vella Lavella white-eye, Zosterops vellalavella
- Ranongga white-eye, Zosterops splendidus
- Gizo white-eye, Zosterops luteirostris
- Solomons white-eye, Zosterops kulambangrae
- Kolombangara white-eye, Zosterops murphyi
- Yellow-throated white-eye, Zosterops metcalfii
- Grey-throated white-eye, Zosterops rendovae
- Malaita white-eye, Zosterops stresemanni
- Santa Cruz white-eye, Zosterops santaecrucis
- Silvereye, Zosterops lateralis
- Lord Howe silvereye, Zosterops (lateralis) tephropleurus (formerly tephropleurus)
- Robust white-eye, Zosterops strenuus (formerly strenua; extinct: c.1918)
- Slender-billed white-eye, Zosterops tenuirostris
- White-chested white-eye, Zosterops albogularis
- Large Lifou white-eye, Zosterops inornatus
- Fiji white-eye, Zosterops explorator
- Vanuatu white-eye, Zosterops flavifrons
- Green-backed white-eye, Zosterops xanthochroa (formerly xanthochrous)
- Small Lifou white-eye, Zosterops minutus
- Samoan white-eye, Zosterops samoensis
- Dusky white-eye, Zosterops finschii
- Grey-brown white-eye, Zosterops cinereus
- Olive-colored white-eye, Zosterops oleagineus (sometimes placed in Rukia, as R. oleaginea)
- Togian white-eye, Zosterops somadikartai (described in 2008)
- Wangi Wangi white-eye Zosterops sp. (discovered in 2003)
- Vanikoro white-eye Zosterops gibbsi (described in 2008)
References
- Notes
- ↑ Jønsson, Knud A.; Fjeldså, Jon (2006). "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)". Zool. Scripta 35 (2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x.
- ↑ Christidis L & Boles WE (2008) Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO, Canberra.
- ↑ Moreau RE, Mary Perrins & J. Trevor Hughes (1969). "Tongues of the Zosteropidae (White-eyes)" (PDF). Ardea: 29–47.
- Bibliography
- Jønsson, Knud A. & Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35(2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x (HTML abstract)
External links
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Zosterops. |
- Zosterops photos & videos on the Internet Bird Collection