ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have attracted scientific interest because of their unique spintronics properties with possible technological applications.[1][2] Wide band-gap metal oxides such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) are among the best candidates for industrial DMS due to their multifunctionality in opticomagnetic applications. In particular, ZnO-based DMS with properties such as transparency in visual region and piezoelectricity have generated huge interest among the scientific community as a strong candidate for the fabrication of spin transistors and spin-polarized Light-emitting diodes.

Theory

Initially Dietl et al.. predicted theoretically that room-temperature ferromagnetism should exist in heavily p-type doped ZnO using modified Zener model for magnetism.[3] Since magnetic Co is highly soluble in ZnO, ZnO:Co system soon became one of most studied DMSs for applications requiring ferromagnetism near room temperature.[4] Some subsequent theoretical using Density functional theory (DFT),[5][6] and experimental,[7][8] works show that n-type Co-doped ZnO also possesses room temperature ferromagnetism. ZnO doped with other transition metals (V, Mn, Fe and Cu) also have been studied.

References

  1. ↑ J.K. Furdyna, J. Appl. Phys. 64, R29 (1988).
  2. ↑ H. Ohno, Science 281, 951 (1998)
  3. ↑ T. Dietl, H. Ohno, F. Matsukura, J. Cibert, and D. Ferrand, Science 287, 1019
  4. ↑ S.J. Pearton, C.R. Abernathy, M.E. Overberg, G.T. Thaler, D.P. Norton, N. Theodoropoulou, A.F. Hebard, Y.D. Park, F. Ren, J. Kim, and L.A. Boatner, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1 (2003).
  5. ↑ K. Sato and H. Katayama-Yoshida, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 39, L555 (2000).
  6. ↑ K. Sato and H. Katayama-Yoshida, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 40, L334 (2001).
  7. ↑ K. Ueda, H. Tabata, and T. Kawai, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 988 (2001).
  8. ↑ W. Prellier, A. Fouchet, B. Mercey, Ch. Simon, and B. Raveau, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3490 (2003).
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