Isotopes of zinc

Naturally occurring zinc (Zn) is composed of the 5 stable isotopes ⁶⁴Zn, ⁶⁶Zn, ⁶⁷Zn, ⁶⁸Zn, and ⁷⁰Zn with ⁶⁴Zn being the most abundant (48.6% natural abundance). Twenty-five radioisotopes have been characterised with the most abundant and stable being ⁶⁵Zn with a half-life of 244.26 days, and ⁷²Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 14 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 1 second. This element also has 10 meta states.

Zinc has been proposed as a "salting" material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of isotopically enriched ⁶⁴Zn, irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, would transmute into the radioactive isotope ⁶⁵Zn with a half-life of 244 days and produce approximately 1.115 MeV^[1] of gamma radiation, significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout for several days. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.^[2]

Relative atomic mass of zinc is 65.38(2).^[3]

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[4]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	decay mode(s)^[4]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
⁵⁴Zn	30	24	53.99295(43)#		2p	⁵²Ni	0+
⁵⁵Zn	30	25	54.98398(27)#	20# ms [>1.6 µs]	2p	⁵³Ni	5/2−#
⁵⁵Zn	30	25	54.98398(27)#	20# ms [>1.6 µs]	β⁺	⁵⁵Cu	5/2−#
⁵⁶Zn	30	26	55.97238(28)#	36(10) ms	β⁺	⁵⁶Cu	0+
⁵⁷Zn	30	27	56.96479(11)#	38(4) ms	β⁺, p (65%)	⁵⁶Ni	7/2−#
⁵⁷Zn	30	27	56.96479(11)#	38(4) ms	β⁺ (35%)	⁵⁷Cu	7/2−#
⁵⁸Zn	30	28	57.95459(5)	84(9) ms	β⁺, p (60%)	⁵⁷Ni	0+
⁵⁸Zn	30	28	57.95459(5)	84(9) ms	β⁺ (40%)	⁵⁸Cu	0+
⁵⁹Zn	30	29	58.94926(4)	182.0(18) ms	β⁺ (99%)	⁵⁹Cu	3/2−
⁵⁹Zn	30	29	58.94926(4)	182.0(18) ms	β⁺, p (1%)	⁵⁸Ni	3/2−
⁶⁰Zn^{[n 3]}	30	30	59.941827(11)	2.38(5) min	β⁺	⁶⁰Cu	0+
⁶¹Zn	30	31	60.939511(17)	89.1(2) s	β⁺	⁶¹Cu	3/2−
^61m1Zn	88.4(1) keV			<430 ms			1/2−
^61m2Zn	418.10(15) keV			140(70) ms			3/2−
^61m3Zn	756.02(18) keV			<130 ms			5/2−
⁶²Zn	30	32	61.934330(11)	9.186(13) h	β⁺	⁶²Cu	0+
⁶³Zn	30	33	62.9332116(17)	38.47(5) min	β⁺	⁶³Cu	3/2−
⁶⁴Zn	30	34	63.9291422(7)	Observationally Stable^{[n 4]}			0+	0.4917(75)
⁶⁵Zn	30	35	64.9292410(7)	243.66(9) d	β⁺	⁶⁵Cu	5/2−
^65mZn	53.928(10) keV			1.6(6) µs			(1/2)−
⁶⁶Zn	30	36	65.9260334(10)	Stable			0+	0.2773(98)
⁶⁷Zn	30	37	66.9271273(10)	Stable			5/2−	0.0404(16)
⁶⁸Zn	30	38	67.9248442(10)	Stable			0+	0.1845(63)
⁶⁹Zn	30	39	68.9265503(10)	56.4(9) min	β⁻	⁶⁹Ga	1/2−
^69mZn	438.636(18) keV			13.76(2) h	IT (96.7%)	⁶⁹Zn	9/2+
^69mZn	438.636(18) keV			13.76(2) h	β⁻ (3.3%)	⁶⁹Ga	9/2+
⁷⁰Zn	30	40	69.9253193(21)	Observationally Stable^{[n 5]}			0+	0.0061(10)
⁷¹Zn	30	41	70.927722(11)	2.45(10) min	β⁻	⁷¹Ga	1/2−
^71mZn	157.7(13) keV			3.96(5) h	β⁻ (99.95%)	⁷¹Ga	9/2+
^71mZn	157.7(13) keV			3.96(5) h	IT (.05%)	⁷¹Zn	9/2+
⁷²Zn	30	42	71.926858(7)	46.5(1) h	β⁻	⁷²Ga	0+
⁷³Zn	30	43	72.92978(4)	23.5(10) s	β⁻	⁷³Ga	(1/2)−
^73m1Zn	195.5(2) keV			13.0(2) ms			(5/2+)
^73m2Zn	237.6(20) keV			5.8(8) s	β⁻	⁷³Ga	(7/2+)
^73m2Zn	237.6(20) keV			5.8(8) s	IT	⁷³Zn	(7/2+)
⁷⁴Zn	30	44	73.92946(5)	95.6(12) s	β⁻	⁷⁴Ga	0+
⁷⁵Zn	30	45	74.93294(8)	10.2(2) s	β⁻	⁷⁵Ga	(7/2+)#
⁷⁶Zn	30	46	75.93329(9)	5.7(3) s	β⁻	⁷⁶Ga	0+
⁷⁷Zn	30	47	76.93696(13)	2.08(5) s	β⁻	⁷⁷Ga	(7/2+)#
^77mZn	772.39(12) keV			1.05(10) s	IT (50%)	⁷⁷Zn	1/2−#
^77mZn	772.39(12) keV			1.05(10) s	β⁻ (50%)	⁷⁷Ga	1/2−#
⁷⁸Zn	30	48	77.93844(10)	1.47(15) s	β⁻	⁷⁸Ga	0+
^78mZn	2673(1) keV			319(9) ns			(8+)
⁷⁹Zn	30	49	78.94265(28)#	0.995(19) s	β⁻ (98.7%)	⁷⁹Ga	(9/2+)
⁷⁹Zn	30	49	78.94265(28)#	0.995(19) s	β⁻, n (1.3%)	⁷⁸Ga	(9/2+)
⁸⁰Zn	30	50	79.94434(18)	545(16) ms	β⁻ (99%)	⁸⁰Ga	0+
⁸⁰Zn	30	50	79.94434(18)	545(16) ms	β⁻, n (1%)	⁷⁹Ga	0+
⁸¹Zn	30	51	80.95048(32)#	290(50) ms	β⁻ (92.5%)	⁸¹Ga	5/2+#
⁸¹Zn	30	51	80.95048(32)#	290(50) ms	β⁻, n (7.5%)	⁸⁰Ga	5/2+#
⁸²Zn	30	52	81.95442(54)#	100# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	⁸²Ga	0+
⁸³Zn	30	53	82.96103(54)#	80# ms [>300 ns]			5/2+#

↑ Abbreviations:
IT: Isomeric transition
↑ Bold for stable isotopes
↑ Final product of the silicon-burning process; its production is endothermic and accelerates the star's collapse
↑ Believed to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ⁶⁴Ni with a half-life over 2.3×10¹⁸ a
↑ Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ⁷⁰Ge with a half-life over 1.3×10¹⁶ a

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO).
Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights.

References

↑ Roost, E.; Funck, E.; Spernol, A.; Vaninbroukx, R. (1972). "The decay of 65Zn". Zeitschrift für Physik 250: 395. Bibcode:1972ZPhy..250..395D. doi:10.1007/BF01379752.
↑ D. T. Win, M. Al Masum (2003). "Weapons of Mass Destruction" (PDF). Assumption University Journal of Technology 6 (4): 199–219.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights Revised". IUPAC. 2007-08-24. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- M. Berglund; M. E. Wieser (2009). "Isotopic compositions of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry 83 (2): 397–410. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-06-02.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

External links

Zinc isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's

Isotopes of copper	Isotopes of zinc	Isotopes of gallium
Table of nuclides

Isotopes of the chemical elements
1 H																	2 He
3 Li	4 Be											5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg											13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca	21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr	39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba		72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra		104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Uut	114 Fl	115 Uup	116 Lv	117 Uus	118 Uuo

		57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu
		89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr
Table of nuclides Categories: Isotopes Tables of nuclides Metastable isotopes Isotopes by element

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