Zapadnodvinsky District

Zapadnodvinsky District
Западнодвинский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ (Russian)

Location of Zapadnodvinsky District in Tver Oblast
Coordinates: 56Β°16β€²N 32Β°05β€²Eο»Ώ / ο»Ώ56.267Β°N 32.083Β°Eο»Ώ / 56.267; 32.083Coordinates: 56Β°16β€²N 32Β°05β€²Eο»Ώ / ο»Ώ56.267Β°N 32.083Β°Eο»Ώ / 56.267; 32.083
Coat of arms
Flag
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject Tver Oblast[1]
Administrative structure (as of 2012)
Administrative center town of Zapadnaya Dvina[1]
Administrative divisions:
Urban settlements (towns) 1
Urban settlements (urban-type settlements) 1
Rural settlements 5
Inhabited localities:
Cities/towns 1
Urban-type settlements[2] 1
Rural localities 267
Municipal structure (as of December 2010)
Municipally incorporated as Zapadnodvinsky Municipal District[3]
Municipal divisions:[4]
Urban settlements 2
Rural settlements 5
Statistics
Area 2,816 km2 (1,087 sq mi)[5]
Population (2010 Census) 16,018 inhabitants[6]
β€’ Urban 71.0%
β€’ Rural 29.0%
Density 5.69/km2 (14.7/sq mi)[7]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[8]
Official website
Zapadnodvinsky District on WikiCommons

Zapadnodvinsky District (Russian: Западнодви́нский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[3] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Toropetsky District in the north, Andreapolsky District in the northeast, Nelidovsky District in the east, Zharkovsky District in the southeast, Velizhsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the south, and with Kunyinsky District of Pskov Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 2,816 square kilometers (1,087 sq mi).[5] Its administrative center is the town of Zapadnaya Dvina.[1] Population: 16,018 (2010 Census);[6] 19,707 (2002 Census);[9] 24,585 (1989 Census).[10] The population of Zapadnaya Dvina accounts for 58.6% of the district's total population.[6]

Geography

The whole area in the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Daugava, known in Russia as the Western Dvina. The Westerd Dvina itself crosses the district from the northwest to the southeast, and a stretch of it makes the border to Pskov Oblast. The major tributaries of the Western Dvina within the district are the Velesa (left), the Toropa (right), and the Mezha (left). The Mezha makes the border to Zharkovsky District. 64% of the area of the district is forested.[11]

History

The Western Dvina was one of the most important Eastern European waterways, and the area of the district was populated since prehistory, as indicated by archaeological evidence.[12] In the beginning of the 14th century, it was included into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and remained there for around 150 years. In the 16th century, it went to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1581, in the course of the Livonian War, it was transferred to Poland, and stayed here until 1678, when the northern part of the area was transferred to Russia.[12] The southern part remained in Poland until the First Partition of Poland in 1772.

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the north of the area (the right bank of the Western Dvina) was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established. The northern part of the contemporary Zapadnodvinsky District was included into Toropetsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate. Zapadnaya Dvina was founded in 1900 as a station on the railway connecting Moscow and Riga.[12]

The left bank of the Western Dvina in 1708 was included into Belsky Uyezd of Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief periods between 1713 and 1726, when it belonged to Riga Governorate, and between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty.

The southern part of the area in 1772 was included into newly established Pskov Governorate. In 1777, it was transferred to Polotsk Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and the area was transferred to Belarus Governorate; since 1802 to Vitebsk Governorate. It belonged to Velizhsky Uyezd. After 1919, Vitebsk Governorate was a part of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.[13] In 1924, Vitebsk Governorate was abolished, and Velizhsky Uyezd was transferred to Pskov Governorate.[14]

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Oktyabrsky District was established, with the administrative center in the selo of Staraya Toropa. Pskov Governorate was abolished as well, and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. The district center was subsequently moved to the settlement of Zapadnaya Dvina. On June 17, 1929, the district was transferred to Western Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Oktyabrsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[15] In 1937, Zapadnaya Dvina was granted town status. Between September 1941 and January 1942, Oktyabrsky District was occupied by German troops. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Oktyabrsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. On February 13, 1963 it was merged with a part of Nelidovsky District to form Zapadnodvinsky District, with the administrative center in Zapadnaya Dvina.[15] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

On August 1, 1927 Ilyinsky District with the administrative center located in the selo of Ilyino was established as well. The district was a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, and on June 17, 1929 with the rest of the okrug it was transferred to Western Oblast. On January 29, 1935 the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast, on August 22, 1944 to Velikiye Luki Oblast, and on October 2, 1957 back to Kalinin Oblast. On January 12, 1960 Ilyinsky District was abolished and merged into Oktyabrsky District.[15]

Economy

Industry

90% of the economy of the district is related to timber production.[5]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specialization of the district is cattle breeding with meat and milk production.[5]

Transportation

The railway which connects Moscow and Riga via Rzhev, crosses the district from east to west. There is passenger railway traffic. Zapadnaya Dvina is the biggest railway station in the district.

The M9 highway connecting Moscow with Riga also crosses the district, passing just north of Zapadnaya Dvina. Paved roads to Zharkovsky, Ostashkov via Andreapol, and Toropets branch off. There are also local roads with bus traffic originating from Zapadnaya Dvina.

Culture and recreation

The district contains nine cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally fifty-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments are the Saint Saviour Church in the selo of Kochevitsy, the Transfiguration Church in the village of Pesno, the Trinity Church in the selo of Pyatiusovo, the Church of Saint Sergius of Radonezh in the selo of Sopot, as well as two archaeological sites.[16]

In the urban-type settlement of Staraya Toropa, there is a local museum.[17]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 ГосударствСнный ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ статистикС. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ стандартизации, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ сСртификации. β„–ΠžΠš 019-95 1 января 1997 Π³. Β«ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ классификатор ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСлСния. Код 28 216Β», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. измСнСния β„–259/2014 ΠΎΡ‚ 12 дСкабря 2014 Π³.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 28 216, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  2. ↑ The count of urban-type settlements includes the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
  3. 1 2 Law #4-ZO
  4. ↑ Law #24-ZO
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Западнодвинский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½" (in Russian). Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  7. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  8. ↑ ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β„–107-Π€Π— ΠΎΡ‚ 3 июня 2011 Π³. «Об исчислСнии Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΒ», Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄. Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β„–248-Π€Π— ΠΎΡ‚ 21 июля 2014 Π³. Β«Πž внСсСнии ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ "Об исчислСнии Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ"Β». Вступил Π² силу ΠΏΠΎ истСчСнии ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ послС дня ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опубликования (6 августа 2011 Π³.). ΠžΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "Российская Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Π°", β„–120, 6 июня 2011 Π³. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ насСлСния России, ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² составС Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², городских посСлСний, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… насСлённых ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² β€“ Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… насСлённых ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с насСлСниСм 3 Ρ‚ысячи ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localitiesβ€”Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). ВсСроссийская ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 1989 Π³. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насСлСния ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… рСспублик, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… областСй ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‘Π², областСй, Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², городских посСлСний ΠΈ сёл-Ρ€Π°ΠΉΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Π’ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ насСлСния 1989 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта: Π’Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ°Ρ школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ↑ "ЗСмля Западнодвинская – манящий ΠΊΡ€Π°ΠΉ лСсов, ΠΎΠ·Ρ‘Ρ€ ΠΈ рСк…" (in Russian). Komsomolskaya Pravda. 31 May 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 "Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ Западнодвинского Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°" (in Russian). Zapadnodvinsky District Administration. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  13. ↑ ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ (ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ) (in Russian). Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  14. ↑ Π’ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΡŒΡ‘Π², М. Π’. (1993). Π“. Π’. Π’ΡƒΡ„Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ed. Административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ БмолСнской области (in Russian). ГосударствСнный Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ² БмолСнской области. pp. 118–133.
  15. 1 2 3 Π‘ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ± измСнСниях Π² административно-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ВвСрской Π³ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΈ - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  16. ↑ ΠŸΠ°ΠΌΡΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ истории ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Западнодвинский Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½" (in Russian). ЛитСратурная ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° ВвСрского края. Retrieved 10 December 2015.

Sources

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