Zainab al-Khawaja

Zainab al-Khawaja
Born c. 1983
Movement Bahraini uprising (2011–present)
Religion Islam
Spouse(s) Wafi Almajed[1]
Parent(s) Abdulhadi al-Khawaja (father)
Khadija al-Mousawi (mother)
Relatives Maryam al-Khawaja (sister)

Zainab Abdulhadi al-Khawaja (Arabic: زينب عبد الهادي الخواجة‎; born c. 1983)[2] is a Bahraini human rights activist, and a participant in the Bahraini uprising.[3] She rose to prominence after posting tweets online about the protests under the name AngryArabiya[4] as well as for protesting her father Abdulhadi Alkhawaja's detention during his hunger strike.[5]

Background

Alkhawaja promotes the Bahraini protest movement internationally via her Twitter feed, written in English.[6] As of February 2012, she had 33,500 followers.[7]

She is married to Wafi Al-Majed, and they have a 2-year-old daughter named Jude. Her father is Abdulhadi Alkhawaja, former president of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, and former director of the Middle East-North Africa region for the International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders' Front Line.[8] Her sister's husband Mohammed al-Maskati is the president of the Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights.[9]

Protests during 2011-2012 Bahraini uprising

In April 2011, Al-khawaja went on a ten-day hunger strike to protest the arrests of her father, her husband, and her brother-in-law Hussain Ahmad.[8][10][11] She stated that though she had a one-year-old daughter, she preferred death to living under the current government: "If my father is going to be killed, I want to die as well.... We've always been taught by my father that dying with dignity is better than living as slaves".[8] She also criticized the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama for "standing behind the dictator".[8]

Along with two other women, she was detained for seven hours on 15 June after trying to hold a sit-in at a United Nations office; having held onto her phone in the detention center, she continued to post updates to her Twitter feed, such as, "I think the UN might have misunderstood, we wanted the release of political prisoners, not to join them ;)".[6] Commenting later on the arrest, Alkhawaja stated, "Our goal was never to get home safe, but to get protection for all political prisoners in Bahrain."[6]

On 26 November 2011, a U.S. journalist witnessed Alkhawaja standing her ground alone in front of oncoming riot police; he reported that tear gas shells were being fired just past her head. Because of her fame, officers were ordered not to remove her from the road, and were finally forced to advance their vehicles by another route.[3] On December 15, however, she was arrested following a sit-in near Manama dispersed by riot police.[2] She later told Amnesty International that she was beaten while in custody.[12] On 21 December, she was released on bail,[13] but was eventually charged with "illegal public gathering", "showing contempt for the regime", and "assaulting a police officer", charges which were still pending as of March 2012.[12]

She was arrested again on 12 February 2012, as she tried with other female demonstrators to reach Manama's Pearl Roundabout. While the twelve women arrested with her were released on 20 February,[14] Alkhawaja remained in detention and was charged with "illegal gathering of more than five people" and "participating in an illegal march".[12] Amnesty International designated her a prisoner of conscience "detained solely for peacefully exercising her right to freedom of expression and assembly", and called for her immediate release.[12] She was released from detention on 21 February. She stated she had not been mistreated while in detention, attributing it to the government's fear of "bad media" rather than respect of prisoners' rights.[5]

Al-Khawaja's father began a hunger strike on 8 February 2012 which, as of 11 April, had lasted for 110 days, leading to fears for his health and appeals on his behalf from UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon,[15] the U.S. State Department,[16] and Amnesty International, who named him a prisoner of conscience.[17] In April 2012, Zainab al-Khawaja was arrested twice more for protests against her father's ongoing detention. The first arrest occurred on 5 April following a sit-in at the offices of the Interior Ministry.[18] On the 21st, she was arrested for sitting on a highway close to the Financial Harbour in protest. She was formally charged with disrupting the traffic and insulting an officer. On the 23rd, her detention was renewed for another seven days. Amnesty International called for her immediate and unconditional release, stating that she had been "detained solely for exercising her rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly, and urging her immediate and unconditional release".[19]

Arrested

In December 2014, Al-Khawaja has been sentenced to three years in prison for tearing up a picture of King Hamad. A court gave her the option of paying a fine to remain at liberty until her appeal. Amnesty's Middle East and North Africa Deputy Director Said Boumedouha said that "Tearing up a photo of the head of state should not be a criminal offence."[20] In June 2015, the sentence was increased to more than five years.[21]

References

  1. ↑ "Bahrain hunger striker sees husband for first time in two months". The Guardian. 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  2. 1 2 Flock, Elizabeth (2011-12-15). "Bahraini activist 'Angry Arabiya' arrested - BlogPost". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  3. 1 2 Mackey, Robert (2011-12-01). "An Activist Stands Her Ground in Bahrain - NYTimes.com". Thelede.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  4. ↑ Bahrain releases all female prisoners bar AngryArabiya
  5. 1 2 "Leading Bahrain pro-democracy activist released". BBC News. 21 February 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 Mackey, Robert (2011-06-15). "Even in Custody, Bahrain Activists Use Twitter to Protest - NYTimes.com". Thelede.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  7. ↑ "Bahrain- Arrest of Human Rights Defender Zainab Al-Khawaja". Gulf Center for Human Rights. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Bahraini activist's daughter on hunger strike for his release - CNN". Articles.cnn.com. 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  9. ↑ Katherine Zoepf (1 June 2011). "Bahrain Ends Martial Law but Renews Crackdown on Protests". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  10. ↑ Noora Faraj (23 April 2011). "The accidental heroine?". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  11. ↑ "BBC News - Bahrain activist Abdulhadi al-Khawaja 'on trial'". Bbc.co.uk. 2011-04-21. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Bahrain: Further Information: Woman Activist Re-arrested in Bahrain". Amnesty International. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  13. ↑ "Bahrain blogger Zainab al-Khawaja freed on bail". BBC News. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  14. ↑ "Document - Bahrain: Further information: Woman activist released in bahrain: Zainab al-Khawaja". Amnesty International. 2012-02-21. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
  15. ↑ "UN: Bahrain should consider transferring striker". Boston Globe (boston.com). Associated Press. 9 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  16. ↑ "U.S. condemns violence in Bahrain, urges reforms". Reuters. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  17. ↑ "Bahrain should 'immediately release' hunger-striker Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja". Amnesty International. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
  18. ↑ "Three Human Rights Activists in Prison on Hunger Strike in Solidarity with the Prominent Activist Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja". Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  19. ↑ "Bahrain: Daughter of Hunger Striker Arrested". Amnesty International.
  20. ↑ "Bahraini activist Zainab al-Khawaja sentenced over king's photo". BBC News. 4 December 2014.
  21. ↑ "One family pays a heavy price for demanding democracy in Bahrain". Washington Post. 6 June 2015.

External links

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