Yōichi Masuzoe

Yōichi Masuzoe (舛添 要一, Masuzoe Yōichi, born 29 November 1948) is a Japanese politician who served as a member of the House of Councillors and as Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare. He was elected Governor of Tokyo on 9 February 2014.^[2] Prior to entering politics, he became well known in Japan as a television commentator on political issues.^[3]

Early life

Masuzoe was born in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture on 29 November 1948. He graduated from Yahata High School in 1967 and entered the Faculty of Law at the University of Tokyo, where he majored in law, politics and history.^[4]He is conversationally fluent in English and French.^[3]

He was an academic assistant at the University of Tokyo from 1971, and later spent several years in Europe as a research fellow at the University of Paris (1973–75) and the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva (1976–78). He was then an assistant professor at the University of Tokyo from 1979 to 1989. After leaving the university in 1989, he established the Masuzoe Institute of Political Economy.^[4] He became known as a frequent guest on political talk shows in Japan, particularly the popular "TV Tackle" program hosted by Takeshi Kitano.^[5]

While continuing his writing and consulting on foreign affairs, Masuzoe relocated from Tokyo to Kitakyushu in the 1990s in order to take care of his aging mother, who began to show signs of deteriorating mental health. In 1998, he published a book entitled When I Put a Diaper on My Mother, which detailed his experience caring for his mother and the obstacles imposed by the Japanese welfare system. The book sold 100,000 copies, more than any of his previous political works, and propelled Masuzoe into the national spotlight as an authority on the aging society in Japan.^[6]

Legislative career

Liberal Democratic Party

Masuzoe ran for Governor of Tokyo in the 1999 election, placing third among nineteen candidates (behind Shintaro Ishihara and Kunio Hatoyama).^[7]

He won his first Diet seat in the Upper House in 2001 with the largest number of ballots in the national proportional representation section of the House of Councilors.^[8] His main election promise was to change the Bank of Japan's policies by reforming the Bank of Japan Law. However, in May 2001 the book 'Princes of the Yen' (Japanese 『円の支配者』) on the Bank of Japan, by Prof. Richard Werner, became a number one general bestseller, and Masuzoe agreed with its conclusion that in order to end the recession and avoid future banking disasters and credit-driven boom-bust cycles, the Bank of Japan Law had to change in order to make the central bank more accountable for its policies.^[9] Masuzoe won with a landslide victory - presaging the same platform, policy recommendation and landslide victory enjoyed by Shinzo Abe in the election that was to make him prime minister in late 2012. After his victory in 2001, Masuzoe duly formed the LDP BoJ Law Reform Group and appointed Professor Werner as its advisor.^[10] It included the members of the Lower House Yoshimi Watanabe and Kozo Yamamoto, among others.

In 2006, he was named deputy director general of an LDP committee charged with redrafting the Constitution of Japan. In this role, he argued that Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, which prohibits Japan from maintaining warmaking potential, was increasingly disjoined with the reality of Japan's defense arrangements, and should be revised in order to allow the Japan Self-Defense Forces to have the status of a military.^[11]

In August 2007, Masuzoe was appointed as Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare. He served in this position until 2009 under three consecutive prime ministers (Shinzo Abe, Yasuo Fukuda and Taro Aso).^[4] Abe reportedly appointed Masuzoe, a frequent critic of Abe's policies, in order to silence critics who would call him a factionalist.^[5] Masuzoe came under fire during his tenure for an incident in which the government failed to match 50 million pension records with their owners, which led Democratic Party of Japan head Ichiro Ozawa to call for Masuzoe's censure if he did not apologize.^[12]

As MHLW minister, Masuzoe was the first Japanese government official to set forth a timetable for the settlement of lawsuits against the state for hepatitis C infections caused by tainted blood transfusions, and started an internal investigation regarding the ministry's previous responses to the issue.^[13] The plaintiffs rejected his settlement proposal in December 2007, which placed strain on the Fukuda government's approval ratings.^[14]

Masuzoe set up a study group within the LDP in early 2010 to study economic reforms similar to those begun by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi.^[15]

New Renaissance Party

By early 2010, Masuzoe had become an extremely popular political figure, with opinion polls suggesting that he was the public's most favored prime ministerial candidate by a wide margin. In a Kyodo News poll in March 2010, 23.7% of respondents named him as the best candidate for prime minister, compared to only 8.3% who chose second-ranked incumbent prime minister Yukio Hatoyama.^[16] The Liberal Democratic Party at the same time had incurred a massive general election defeat in August 2009, and its approval ratings continued to plummet following the election of Sadakazu Tanigaki as party president in September 2009.^[17]

In April 2010, Masuzoe left the LDP and formed a splinter group called Shintō Kaikaku (New Renaissance Party). The party's platform included a call for decentralization, deregulation, and a halving of the number of Diet members. At the time, The Economist's Banyan column dubbed Masuzoe "Japan's most popular politician."^[18] Both the NRP and Your Party, led by ex-LDP lawmaker Yoshimi Watanabe, were viewed at the time as potentially effective center-right counterweights to the Democratic Party of Japan, and possibly even successors to the LDP itself.^[17] Masuzoe's party nonetheless gained minimal traction. Four of its initial six Upper House members were voted out in the July 2010 election, leaving the party with only Masuzoe and Hiroyuki Arai representing it in the Upper House; the NRP was ultimately overshadowed by Your Party as a reformist element.^[19]

LDP secretary-general Nobuteru Ishihara indicated in October 2010 that Masuzoe would run as a candidate in the 2011 Tokyo gubernatorial election, which Masuzoe emphatically denied, stating that he would serve out the remainder of his term in the House of Councillors.^[20] In December 2010, he met with Ichiro Ozawa, Yukio Hatoyama and Kunio Hatoyama, reportedly to discuss a potential political realignment within the ruling Democratic Party of Japan following the resignation of Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshito Sengoku.^[21] He continued to be critical of the DPJ administration under Naoto Kan in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, saying that "the government has failed to disclose information thoroughly and, secondly, it has created a confusing array of committees and organizations."^[22]

Masuzoe made efforts in foreign relations as head of the NRP. He met with Chinese state councilor Dai Bingguo in March 2011 following the resignation of Foreign Minister Seiji Maehara to reassure the Chinese government about Japan's stability.^[23] He traveled to Taiwan in October 2011 as part of a trilateral security dialogue between Taiwan, Japan and the United States,^[24] and met with Tang Jiaxuan in Beijing in April 2013 as part of an effort to improve strained Sino-Japanese relations following the nationalization of the Senkaku Islands.^[25]

Mazuzoe was reportedly considered for a cabinet position under Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda in January 2012, but was passed over. On 18 January, he dissolved his alliance with the Sunrise Party of Japan led by Takeo Hiranuma. Later that month, the Asahi Shimbun proclaimed that he had "dropped off the political radar."^[19]

In a September 2012 column, he was critical of Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda's "succession of failures on both the domestic and foreign policy fronts," and was also critical of incoming LDP president Shinzo Abe, writing: "Wariness of Abe on the Korean and Chinese sides would make an improvement in relations increasingly difficult. If he shows an excessively right-wing bent when dealing with reform to the Constitution, he will no longer be able to garner support from the majority of the Japanese people."^[26] He held out hope that dissatisfaction with the DPJ and LDP would boost third parties in the 2012 general election, writing that "the dysfunction within the DPJ, and the lack of any impetus for internal reform in the LDP, is forcing the electorate to seriously consider supporting political forces outside the traditional two-party structure."^[27]

During the 2012 election race, he expressed opposition to the consumption tax increase implemented by the DPJ, and argued in favor of deregulation and reducing corporate taxes, as well as implementation of a dōshūsei federal system.^[28] He openly considered leaving the House of Councillors to run for governor of Tokyo in the 2012 gubernatorial election at the behest of DPJ legislators in the metropolitan assembly, and also considered running for the House of Representatives in the general election.^[29]

Following the resounding victory of Abe and the LDP in the general election, Masuzoe announced in June 2013 that he would not stand for re-election in the July 2013 House of Councillors election, stating that "I have done the best I could for nearly three years, but I was unable to boost [the party's] strength."^[30]

Governor of Tokyo

Masuzoe was considered by both the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party of Japan as a potential candidate for the 2014 gubernatorial election in Tokyo.^[31] In a December 2013 LDP poll, he reportedly had the strongest support among a broad field of potential candidates.^[32] The party was divided with regard to candidate selection, with local LDP lawmakers seeking an experienced candidate and the central party leadership seeking a candidate with name recognition; Masuzoe was viewed as a compromise between these two requirements, even though he was no longer a member of the LDP.^[33]

Masuzoe ultimately decided to run as an independent with LDP support, as part of which he would resign from the New Renaissance Party and enter into a policy pact with the LDP. His platform focused on successfully holding the 2020 Summer Olympics and enhancing social security and disaster prevention measures. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga of the LDP stated that Masuzoe "made a great contribution as a state minister to the management of health, welfare and labor issues," while Jin Matsubara of the DPJ stated that Masuzoe was "the right candidate to receive our support."^[34] Masuzoe attended a meeting of the Tokyo LDP in January 2014 and apologized for leaving the party in a bid to win their support.^[35]

Masuzoe led opinion polls through the final week of the campaign. His most prominent opponent, former opposition Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa, had the backing of the popular former LDP prime minister Junichiro Koizumi. In a rare display of humor, Masuzoe dismissed a question as to whether the "tag team" of ex-prime ministers was intimidating, saying "I wouldn't care if they had a hundred prime ministers!"^[36] Hosokawa, as well as rival Kenji Utsunomiya, both made opposition to nuclear power a key issue in their campaigns, while Masuzoe, who supported a gradual phase-out of nuclear power, focused on social welfare issues. He ultimately won the election amid low voter turnout following a blizzard in Tokyo the previous day.^[37]

Views

In a 1996 Shokun article cited by former SDP leader Mizuho Fukushima, Masuzoe argued that nuclear power is a fundamental component of national energy and defense policy and should not be influenced by local concerns: he asked "if 30,000 local residents can reject a national policy in a referendum, where and how are the other 125 million Japanese citizens supposed to manifest their own intentions?"^[38]

Fukushima also cited a 1989 article in which Masuzoe argued that women are "not fundamentally suited for politics;" that women lack the ability to compile parts into a logical whole, thus leading to single-issue politics; that women lack the physical strength to work 24 hours a day and make major decisions; and that their menstrual cycle leads them to be "abnormal" on a monthly basis and unsuitable for making major policy decisions such as whether to go to war.^[39]

Masuzoe, while Governor of Tokyo, is reported as having joined in general laughter in response to several taunts by male members of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly aimed at the female representative Ayaka Shiomura during a session of the Assembly on June 18, 2014. Shiomura was calling for more government assistance for women seeking to have children when she was met with heckles such as “You are the one who must get married as soon as possible” and “Can’t you even bear a child?” ^[40][41]

Personal life

Masuzoe has married three times. His first marriage was to a Frenchwoman whom he met while studying in Europe and subsequently divorced. He then married Ministry of Finance bureaucrat Satsuki Katayama in 1986; they were divorced in 1989 and Katayama herself later became a member of the Diet. Masuzoe is known to have five children, three of which were born out of wedlock by two other women;^[42] one of his children, aged 25 as of 2014, is seriously disabled, and Masuzoe's negotiations with the child's mother over support payments drew attention in the Japanese tabloid press.^[43] Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that he wanted Katayama more than anyone else to stand in support of Masuzoe's 2014 gubernatorial bid, but Katayama responded that it was difficult for her to do so given the state of the negotiations.^[44] The magazine Nikkan Gendai reported in 2007 that Masuzoe held a wedding ceremony with another Japanese woman in France (but was not legally married to her) prior to marrying his first wife.^[45]

Masuzoe is reportedly a fan of horse racing, and owned several racehorses before entering politics. Two of his horses won the Tokyo Derby in 1997 and 1998 respectively.^[43] He also enjoys golf and skiing, and has a black belt in judo.^[3]

He lives in Setagaya, Tokyo and has vacation homes in Yugawara and Lake Kawaguchi.^[43]

References

External links

• Yōichi Masuzoe Official Website