Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ (Russian) | |||
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| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | Ural[2] | ||
| Economic region | West Siberian[3] | ||
| Established | December 10, 1930[4] | ||
| Administrative center | Salekhard[5] | ||
| Government (as of April 2015) | |||
| • Governor[6] | Dmitry Kobylkin[7] | ||
| • Legislature | Legislative Assembly[6] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[8] | |||
| • Total | 750,300 km2 (289,700 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 6th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[9] | |||
| • Total | 522,904 | ||
| • Rank | 71st | ||
| • Density[10] | 0.7/km2 (1.8/sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 84.7% | ||
| • Rural | 15.3% | ||
| Population (January 2015 est.) | |||
| • Total | 540,000[11] | ||
| Time zone(s) | YEKT (UTC+05:00)[12] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-YAN | ||
| License plates | 89 | ||
| Official languages | Russian[13] | ||
| Official website | |||
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Noyabrsk. Population: 522,904 (2010 Census).[9]
Geography and natural history
Map of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.[14]
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
History
On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug (Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ) was formed based on Ural Oblast.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population: 522,904 (2010 Census);[9] 507,006 (2002 Census);[15] 486,164 (1989 Census).[16]
Vital statistics
| Average population (x 1000) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 84 | 1 683 | 879 | 804 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 9.6 |
| 1975 | 127 | 2 307 | 819 | 1 488 | 18.2 | 6.4 | 11.7 |
| 1980 | 194 | 3 347 | 1 178 | 2 169 | 17.3 | 6.1 | 11.2 |
| 1985 | 374 | 7 838 | 1 555 | 6 283 | 21.0 | 4.2 | 16.8 |
| 1990 | 489 | 8 032 | 1 631 | 6 401 | 16.4 | 3.3 | 13.1 |
| 1991 | 483 | 7 121 | 1 623 | 5 498 | 14.7 | 3.4 | 11.4 |
| 1992 | 470 | 6 123 | 2 108 | 4 015 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 8.5 |
| 1993 | 466 | 5 697 | 2 764 | 2 933 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
| 1994 | 473 | 6 274 | 2 998 | 3 276 | 13.3 | 6.3 | 6.9 |
| 1995 | 483 | 6 337 | 3 107 | 3 230 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
| 1996 | 489 | 6 241 | 3 004 | 3 237 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| 1997 | 495 | 6 208 | 2 715 | 3 493 | 12.5 | 5.5 | 7.1 |
| 1998 | 498 | 6 395 | 2 544 | 3 851 | 12.8 | 5.1 | 7.7 |
| 1999 | 498 | 6 071 | 2 608 | 3 463 | 12.2 | 5.2 | 7.0 |
| 2000 | 497 | 5 839 | 2 763 | 3 076 | 11.7 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| 2001 | 501 | 6 388 | 3 057 | 3 331 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 |
| 2002 | 506 | 6 635 | 2 934 | 3 701 | 13.1 | 5.8 | 7.3 |
| 2003 | 510 | 7 163 | 3 093 | 4 070 | 14.1 | 6.1 | 8.0 |
| 2004 | 511 | 7 264 | 2 975 | 4 289 | 14.2 | 5.8 | 8.4 |
| 2005 | 512 | 7 148 | 3 099 | 4 049 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 7.9 |
| 2006 | 513 | 7 036 | 3 000 | 4 036 | 13.7 | 5.8 | 7.9 |
| 2007 | 515 | 7 700 | 2 937 | 4 763 | 14.9 | 5.7 | 9.2 |
| 2008 | 517 | 7 892 | 2 959 | 4 933 | 15.3 | 5.7 | 9.5 |
| 2009 | 519 | 8 216 | 2 924 | 5 292 | 15.8 | 5.6 | 10.2 |
| 2010 | 522 | 8 263 | 2 873 | 5 390 | 15.8 | 5.5 | 10.3 |
Regional demographics for 2008 (Jan-Oct)[17]
| Raion | Pp (2007) | Births | Deaths | Growth | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 538,600 | 5,814 | 2,202 | 3,612 | 14.39 | 5.45 | 0.89% |
| Salekhard | 40,500 | 499 | 256 | 243 | 16.43 | 8.43 | 0.80% |
| Gubkinsky | 22,300 | 263 | 71 | 192 | 15.72 | 4.25 | 1.15% |
| Labytnangi | 27,700 | 333 | 212 | 121 | 16.03 | 10.20 | 0.58% |
| Muravlenko | 37,000 | 361 | 104 | 257 | 13.01 | 3.75 | 0.93% |
| Nadym | 48,500 | 443 | 197 | 246 | 12.18 | 5.42 | 0.68% |
| Novy Urengoy | 117,000 | 1122 | 334 | 788 | 12.79 | 3.81 | 0.90% |
| Noyabrsk | 109,900 | 1029 | 384 | 645 | 12.48 | 4.66 | 0.78% |
| Krasnoselkupsky | 6,200 | 99 | 41 | 58 | 21.29 | 8.82 | 1.25% |
| Nadymsky | 21,300 | 221 | 67 | 154 | 13.83 | 4.19 | 0.96% |
| Priuralsky | 15,300 | 179 | 72 | 107 | 15.60 | 6.27 | 0.93% |
| Purovsky | 49,900 | 548 | 195 | 353 | 14.64 | 5.21 | 0.94% |
| Tazovsky | 17,200 | 268 | 92 | 176 | 20.78 | 7.13 | 1.36% |
| Shuryshkarsky | 9,900 | 144 | 69 | 75 | 19.39 | 9.29 | 1.01% |
| Yamalsky | 15,900 | 305 | 108 | 197 | 25.58 | 9.06 | 1.65% |
Ethnic groups
The Nenets make up 5.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (61.7%), Ukrainians (9.7%), and followed by Tatars (5.6%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians (1.3%), Khants (1.9%), Azerbaijanis (1.8%), Bashkirs (1.7%), Komi (1%), and Moldovans (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2010 Census).[9] Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing.
| Ethnic group |
1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |||
| Nenets | 13,454 | 29.3% | 13,977 | 22.4% | 17,538 | 21.9% | 17,404 | 11.0% | 20,917 | 4.2% | 26,435 | 5.2% | 29,772 | 5.9% | ||
| Khants | 5,367 | 11.7% | 5,519 | 8.9% | 6,513 | 8.1% | 6,466 | 4.1% | 7,247 | 1.5% | 8,760 | 1.7% | 9,489 | 1.9% | ||
| Komi | 4,722 | 10.3% | 4,866 | 7.8% | 5,445 | 6.8% | 5,642 | 3.6% | 6,000 | 1.2% | 6,177 | 1.2% | 5,141 | 1.0% | ||
| Selkups | 87 | 0.2% | 1,245 | 2.0% | 1,710 | 2.1% | 1,611 | 1.0% | 1,530 | 0.3% | 1,797 | 0.4% | 1,988 | 0.4% | ||
| Russians | 19,308 | 42.1% | 27,789 | 44.6% | 37,518 | 46.9% | 93,750 | 59.0% | 292,808 | 59.2% | 298,359 | 58.8% | 312,019 | 61.7% | ||
| Ukrainians | 395 | 0.9% | 1,921 | 3.1% | 3,026 | 3.8% | 15,721 | 9.9% | 85,022 | 17.2% | 66,080 | 13.0% | 48,985 | 9.7% | ||
| Tatars | 1,636 | 3.6% | 3,952 | 6.3% | 4,653 | 5.8% | 8,556 | 5.4% | 26,431 | 5.3% | 27,734 | 5.5% | 28,509 | 5.6% | ||
| Others | 871 | 1.9% | 3,065 | 4.9% | 3,574 | 4.5% | 9,694 | 6.1% | 54,889 | 11.1% | 71,664 | 14.1% | 74,625 | 14.3% | ||
| 1 17,517 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18] | ||||||||||||||||
Religion
According to a 2012 survey[19] 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who don't belong to any church, 1% are members of the Slavic neopaganism (Rodnovery) or practitioners of local shamanic religions, 1% are members of Protestant churches; Muslims, mostly Caucasian peoples and Tatars, make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, and 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[19]
Economy
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.[21] The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale.
See also
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. |
Notes
- ↑ Law #119-ZAO
- ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
- ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ↑ Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 1
- ↑ Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 15
- 1 2 Charter of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Article 11
- ↑ Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Dmitry Nikolayevich Kobylkin, Governor of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
- ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- 1 2 3 4 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
- ↑ Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения (Russian)
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm
- ↑ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
- 1 2 3 Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
- ↑ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
- ↑ "Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area". Kommersant. 2004-03-05. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №119-ЗАО от 17 ноября 2010 г. «О гимне Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (20 ноября 2010 г.). Опубликован: "Красный Север", спецвыпуск №147/1, 20 ноября 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #119-ZAO of November 17, 2010 On the Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day of the official publication (November 20, 2010).).
- Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. №56-ЗАО 28 декабря 1998 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона №140-ЗАО от 21 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу 15 января 1999 г. Опубликован: "Красный Север", 15 января 1999 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. #56-ZAO December 28, 1998 Charter (Basic Law) of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #140-ZAO of December 21, 2015 An Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of January 15, 1999.).
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