World Universities Debating Championship

Not to be confused with World Schools Debating Championships.

The World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC) is the world's largest debating tournament, and one of the largest annual international student events in the world.^[1] It is a parliamentary debating event, held using either the British Parliamentary Debate format (involving four teams of two people in each debate) or the American Parliamentary Debate format (two teams of two people).^[2] Each year, the event is hosted by a university selected by the World Universities Debating Council. The tournament is colloquially referred to as "Worlds" and the winners of the open competition acknowledged as the "world champions".

The most recent edition of the tournament took place in Thessaloniki in January 2016. The current World Champions are Bo Seo and Fanele Mashwama representing Harvard University. The English as a Second Language (ESL) competition was won by Mikee De Vega and Jason Dizon of De La Salle University, while National Technical University of Athens (Theodoros Ntounias and Maria Roussi) won the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) tournament.

Format

The championship is usually held in the days following Christmas, since many of the institutions attending from the Northern Hemisphere where the championship originated take vacations at this time. Although many countries that do not celebrate Christmas have become participants at the competition, the timing has remained the same. In most recent years, the nine preliminary rounds of the tournament have been held over three days from 29–31 December, with the elimination rounds being held on 2 January and the Grand Final on 3 January.

In recent years, the championship has varied from about 150 to 400 teams, depending on the capacity of the host institution. With judges and organisers, this involves 500 to 1,000 participants in all.

The competition involves nine preliminary rounds, which become "power-paired" as the tournament progresses, matching the strongest-performing teams against each other. Two teams form the "government" ("proposition" in the UK and North America) and two the "opposition" in each debate room. The process of scoring and pairing these teams is known as "tabbing". The scoring of teams is done by judges, most of whom are students or former students from the competing institutions, who return "ballots" with their scores to the adjudication team, led by a Chief Adjudicator who is assisted by one or more deputies. The deputies are not members of the host institution.

The nine preliminary rounds are followed by a "break" at which the teams proceeding to elimination rounds are announced. This is traditionally done on New Year's Eve, although this is subject to the timing of the tournament. In the current tournament format, the top 16 teams from the preliminary rounds proceed to the octo-final round. The teams ranked 17-48 also break into a partial double octo-final round, and the winning teams from this round join the teams ranked 1-16 in the octo-finals. While preliminary rounds are usually judged by up to three judges, the break rounds are judged by panels of five, and the finals by panels of seven.

Separate breaks are announced for the English-as-a-second language (ESL) and English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) team competitions, for the individual public speaking competition, and the "World Masters" tournament which is participated in by judges (most of whom are no longer students) representing the countries where they studied or of which they are citizens. In addition, a comedy competition is also open to all participants in Worlds.

World Universities Debating Council

The World Universities Debating Council consists of representatives of every country that competes at the World Universities Debating Championship. Each country selects one council delegate (the national debating association president, or selected from the participants at Worlds). The Council is responsible for setting the rules and awarding the right to host the championships.

A Worlds Committee is elected to discuss issues during the year as Council only meets at the championships itself. This Committee consists of a mix of elected officers and regional representatives from Africa, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, Continental Europe and the Middle East, and the British Isles (referred to in debating as Islands of the North Atlantic thought more politically acceptable than British Isles). Since 2000, the Chair of the Worlds Committee has also chaired the Council [2000 Omar Salluhudin (Malaysia), 2001-02 Colm Flynn (Ireland), 2002-08 Ian Lising (US), 2008-10 Neill Harvey-Smith (England), 2010–2011 Sam Greenland (Australia), 2011-2012 Jens Henning Fischer (Germany), 2012–2014 Steve Johnson (US), 2014-present Monica Ferris (Canada)]. Prior to 2000, the host country of each year's championship appointed the Chair of the Council.

The Council formerly operated not unlike the United Nations Security Council, with seven nations holding "charter member status" – the United States, Canada, England, Scotland, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. A two-thirds majority of these countries was required for changes to the championship's constitution, irrespective of how the general vote was tallied. However, as the number of non-charter nations attending grew, many fielding far more teams than some of the upper tier, and the championship began being hosted outside the Charter nations, pressure grew for the distinction to be eliminated.

The modern championship grants voting strength of between one and four votes per country, based on numbers of institutions attending recent championships. To allow for fluctuations in participation due to the financial difference in attending championships nearer or further in succeeding years, nations lose or gain their voting strength gradually.

Championships

Year	Hosting Institution
2017	Leiden Debating Union, Hague, Netherlands
2016	Debating Society of Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
2015	Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
2014	Rajalakshmi Engineering College - Chennai Worlds 2014, Chennai, India
2013	Berlin Debating Union, Germany
2012	De La Salle, Manila, Philippines
2011	University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
2010	Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
2009	University College Cork, Ireland
2008	Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand
2007	University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
2006	University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
2005	Multimedia University, Malaysia
2004	Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
2003	Stellenbosch University, South Africa
2002	Hart House, University of Toronto, Canada
2001	Glasgow University Union, Scotland, United Kingdom
2000	University of Sydney, Australia
1999	Ateneo de Manila University, Manila, Philippines
1998	Deree College, Athens, Greece
1997	Stellenbosch University, South Africa
1996	University College Cork, Ireland
1995	Princeton University, United States of America
1994	University of Melbourne, Australia
1993	Oxford Union Society, England, United Kingdom
1992	Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
1991	Hart House, University of Toronto, Canada
1990	Glasgow University Union, Scotland, United Kingdom
1989	Princeton University, United States of America
1988	Sydney University, Australia
1987	University College Dublin, Ireland
1986	Fordham University, New York, United States of America
1985	McGill University, Montreal, Canada
1984	Edinburgh University, Scotland, United Kingdom
1983	Princeton University, United States of America
1982	Hart House, University of Toronto, Canada
1981	Glasgow University Union, Scotland, United Kingdom

^[3]

Predecessor tournaments

The Trans-Atlantic University Speech Association held tournaments in London (1976 and 1978) and at McGill University, Montreal, in 1977. Chicago was to hold a tournament in 1979 but this was postponed and then abandoned. A "World Debating Festival", sponsored by Honeywell was held in Sydney in 1978. The TAUSA event attracted mostly Northern Hemisphere tournaments, the Honeywell was largely Southern Hemisphere.

References

↑ debating.net - WUDC history Archived April 27, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
↑ http://www.apdaweb.org/old/guide/rules.html.
↑ http://chennaiworlds.com/cw.html

External links

University debating

Competitions

Styles

Organizations

University Societies

United States	Brown Boston University Debate Society Columbia Peithologian Philolexian Cornell The Irving Emory Fordham Georgetown Georgia Georgia Lit Harvard Penn Pitt Princeton Rutgers UNC USC Vermont Virginia-Jeff Virginia-Wash Yale Calliopean Linonia Party of the Right YPU

UK	Belfast Cambridge Durham Exeter Glasgow Manchester Oxford St Andrews

Ireland	Cork LawSoc UCC Philosoph Galway Lit&Deb TCD-Hist TCD-Phil UCD-L&H UCD-LawSoc

Others	Otago Ottawa Queen's Queensland RWTH Aachen Stuttgart

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