List of largest locomotives
As railroads around the world haul larger quantities of freight efficiently, the title of world's largest locomotive has often been passed to new generations of rolling stock.
Standard
There are many ways in which a locomotive can be the largest: the heaviest, longest, most cylinders, most power, or most wheels. It is often defined as the longest in length, but there is even a debate on whether or not to include the tender, which is equivalent to the fuel tank of a diesel, in the measurement. To establish the "largest" category, several factors take precedence: overall weight, which gives traction over driving axles; size (length & height of engine itself); and power, which may be in terms of raw horsepower, tractive effort, available power at axles (shaft horsepower) or, in the case of steam locomotives, available steam on a sustained basis.
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| name | railway | series | maker | dates | drive | wheel arrangement | weight | power | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Little joe | The Milwaukee Road | EF-4 and EP-4 | General Electric | 1950-80 | Electric | 2-D+D-2 | 247.5 t | 5,110 hp | 20 were built originally for use in Soviet Russia. The Milwaukee Road bought 12 out of the 20. Max speed of 68mph, used for freight and passenger. |
| Re 465 | BLS, Switzerland | Re 465 001-465 0018 | SLM, ABB | 1994-97 | electric | Bo-Bo | 84 t | 9,520 horsepower (7,099 kW)
[Tractive force: 300 kN (30.6 tons) |
Most powerful locomotive with only four axles, similar locomotives with slightly different technical data are in operation with SBB (Re 460; 119 pc/ NSB (El 18; 22 pc)/ VR (Sr2; 46 pc)/ KCRC (Hong Kong; 2 pc) |
| Re 6/6 | SBB, Switzerland | 11601-11689 | SLM, MFO/BBC/Sécheron | 1972, 1975–80 | electric | Bo-Bo-Bo | 120 t | 10,908 horsepower (8,134 kW) Tractive force: 398 kN (41 tons) | in operation (October 2012), revised classification Re 620, most powerful single-frame locomotive till China Railways HXD1B appeared |
| Eurotunnel Class 9 | Eurotunnel | 9000 | Euroshuttle Locomotive Consortium | 1993-2002 | electric | Bo-Bo-Bo | 132 t | 9,400 horsepower (7,000 kW) | Always used in pairs (one at each end of the train). Early versions were 7,500 horsepower (5,600 kW) but most have been rebuilt to 7 MW. |
| Re 4/4 | BLS, Switzerland | Re 425 161-Re 425 195) | SLM / BBC | 1964-83 | electric | (Bo)(Bo) | 80 t | 6,772 horsepower (5,050 kW) Tractive force 314 kN (32 tons) | in operation (October 2012) |
| Ae 8/8 | BLS, Switzerland | 271-275 | SLM / BBC | 1959-66 | electric | (Bo)(Bo)+(Bo)(Bo) | 160 t | 8,806 horsepower (6,567 kW), tractive force 471 kN (48 tons) | 1 preserved in working order |
| AD43C | Iranian Railways(RAI) | 2001-2100 | ALSTOM | 2001 | Diesel Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 4,300 horsepower (3,207 kW) | about 50 locomotives are stopped because of failures in the RK215 diesel engine |
| Ae 6/6 | SBB, Switzerland | 11401-11520 | SLM, MFO/ BBC | 1952; 1955–66 | electric | Co-Co | 120 t | 6,000 horsepower (4,474 kW) [Tractive force: 392 kN (40 tons) | still in operation (October 2012) |
| Ae 6/8 | BLS, Switzerland | 201-208 | SLM / Sécheron | 1939 | electric | (1'Co)(Co1') | 140 t | 6,000 horsepower (4,474 kW), tractive force 353 kN (36 tons) | 2 remain in working order as heritage locos |
| Ae 8/14 | SBB, Switzerland | 11852 | SLM, MFO/ BBC | 1939 | electric | (1'A)A1'A(A1')+(1'A)A1'A(A1') | 236 t | 11,000 horsepower (8,203 kW), Tractive force: 490 kN (50 tons) | Exhibit at Swiss Transport Museum |
| PRR GG1 | Pennsylvania Rail Road (PRR), Penn Central, Conrail, Amtrak & NJ Transit | 4800-4938, 900-929 | Altoona Works, General Electric | 1934–43 | Electric | 2-C+C-2 (4-6-6-4) | 208.9 to 216.4 | 4,629 horsepower (3,452 kW), Tractive Effort: 65,500 lbf | Most scrapped; the prototype and 15 production locomotives preserved in museums |
| Class 461 | Železnice Srbije, Serbia | ŽS461-0/1, ŽS461-2 | Electroputere Craiova, Romania | 1965–91 | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 7,638 horsepower (5,696 kW) | Operational in Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Hungary & Macedonia. |
| Allegheny | Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) & Virginian Railway (VGN) | 1600-1659 (C&O), 900-907 (VGN) | Lima Locomotive Works | 1941–48 | Steam | 2-6-6-6 | 544 t | 7,500 horsepower (5,593 kW) | Two on static display |
| M1 | Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) | 500-502 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1947–50 | Steam Turbine Electric | 2-C1-2-C1-B
(4-8-0-4-8-4) |
428 t | 6,000 horsepower (4,474 kW) | Nicknamed "Sacred Cows". Sold back to Baldwin in 1950 and scrapped. |
| Big Boy | Union Pacific | X4000-X4024 | ALCO | 1941-–44 | Steam | 4-8-8-4 | 548 t | 6,290 horsepower (4,690 kW), Tractive Effort 135,375 lbf (602.18 kN) | Several on static display.
No. 4014 has been moved from Pomona, Calif., to Cheyenne, Wyo. for restoration. |
| XA Triplex | Virginian Railway | 700 | Baldwin | 1916 | Steam | 2-8-8-8-4 | 383 t | N/A, Tractive Effort: 199,560 lb simple; 166,600 lb compound | Rebuilt into separate locomotives |
| Challenger | Union Pacific | 3985 | ALCO | 1936–43 | Steam | 4-6-6-4 | 485 t | 6,200 horsepower (4,623 kW) | Operates in excursion service; largest operational steam locomotive in 2007 |
| GTEL 8500 'Big Blow' | Union Pacific | 1-30 (control cab), 1B-30B (turbine unit) | General Electric | 1958–61 | Gas turbine-electric | C-C+C-C | 425 t | 8,469 horsepower (6,315 kW) Over 10,000 hp at lower altitude and ambient temperatures. | Two preserved in museums. Most powerful internal combustion locomotive built. |
| EMD DDA40X | Union Pacific | 6900-6947 | Electro-Motive Division of General Motors | 1969–71 | Diesel-electric | D-D | 244 t | 6,600 horsepower (4,922 kW) | One operational, several in museums; largest operational single-unit diesel locomotive and the most powerful |
| SJ Dm3 | Malmbanan | ASEA | 1953–71 | Electric | 1'D+D+D1' | 273 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | Highest continuous tractive effort when built, most powerful locomotive using jackshafts | |
| DB Class 103 | 1970–73 | Electric | Co'Co' | 114 t | 9,977 horsepower (7,440 kW) | ||||
| 060-EA | Romanian Railways(CFR) | 001-1000 | Electroputere Craiova | 1970-91 | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 6,839 horsepower (5,100 kW) | Most powerful locomotive in the 1970s; highest continuous tractive effort |
| 060-EA Softronic Phoenix version | Romanian Railways (CFR) and Hungarian State Railways ( MÁV ) | 001, 2001-2004 | Softronic Craiova | 2009–present | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 8,851 horsepower (6,600 kW) | Most powerful locomotive with highest continuous tractive effort |
| Softronic TransMONTANA (060-EA version) | Romanian Railways (CFR) | 1 | Softronic Craiova | 2010 | Electric | Co'Co' | 120 t | 10,997 horsepower (8,200 kW) | |
| SBB-CFF-FFS Re 620 | Gotthardbahn | BBC | 1972–80 | Electric | Bo'Bo'Bo' | 120 t | 10,527 horsepower (7,850 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive when built | |
| JR Freight Class EF200 | JR Freight | Hitachi Ltd. | 1990– | Electric | Bo'Bo'Bo' | 100.8 t | 8,046 horsepower (6,000 kW) | Most powerful single-frame narrow-gauge locomotive in series production | |
| EMD SD90MAC | Union Pacific | 8500-8561 | Electro-Motive Diesel | 1996–2002 | Diesel-Electric | C-C | 210 t | 6,300 horsepower (4,698 kW) | Retired from service, some on lease with EMLX |
| GE AC6000CW | Union Pacific; CSX Transportation; BHP Billiton | 600-699, 5000-5016, 6070-6077, 7500-7579 (being overhauled and renumbered 69xx) | General Electric | 1996–2001 | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 210 t | 6,250 horsepower (4,661 kW) | Actual HP output on early production units is 4350 hp due to use of the 7FDL engine. |
| EMD SD70Ace | Union Pacific; CSX Transportation; Norfolk Southern; BNSF Railway; Kansas City Southern Railway | (UP) 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1996, 4141 (All Wear Special/Heritage Liveries) 8309-8423/8521-8823
(CSX)4831-4850 (NS)1000-1064/1065-1074 (Wears Heritage Liveries)/1075-1099, (BNSF) 8750-8799/9000-9399 (KCS)4000-4059/4100-4129/4140-4164 |
Electro-Motive Diesel | 2003–Present | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 204t | 4,300 horsepower (3,207 kW) | Other alternatives are now available such as the SD70Ace P4/P6 and the SD70AH(UP). |
| Indian locomotive class WAG-9 | Indian Railways | Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, India | 1998 | Electric | Co'Co' | 123 t | 6,350 horsepower (4,735 kW) | Most powerful electric locomotive in India in 2010. | |
| China Railways HXN3 | China Railways | HXN30001-HXN30300 | Dalian Locomotive, EMD | 2008– | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 6,300 horsepower (4,698 kW) | Most powerful diesel-electric locomotive in active production. |
| China Railways HXN5 | China Railways | HXN50001-HXN50300 | GE, CSR Qishuyan Locomotive | 2008– | Diesel-Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 6,250 horsepower (4,661 kW) | Most powerful diesel-electric locomotive in active production. |
| China Railways HXD1 | China Railways | HXD10001-HXD10220 | CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive, Siemens | 2006–08 | Electric | Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo' | 200 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD2 | China Railways | HXD20001-HXD20180 | Datong Electric Locomotive, Alstom | 2006–08 | Electric | Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo' | 200 t | 13,410 horsepower (10,000 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD3 | China Railways | HXD30001-HXD30890, HXD38001-38150 | Toshiba, Dalian Locomotive | 2006–09 | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD1B | China Railways | HXD1B0001-HXD1B0500 | CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive, Siemens | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive in series production |
| China Railways HXD2B | China Railways | HXD2B0001-HXD2B0500 | Datong Electric Locomotive, Alstom | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive in series production |
| China Railways HXD3B | China Railways | HXD3B0001-HXD3B0500 | Dalian, Bombardier | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 12,874 horsepower (9,600 kW) | Most powerful single-frame locomotive in series production |
| China Railways HXD1C | China Railways | HXD1C0001-HXD1C0990 | CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive, Siemens | 2009– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD2C | China Railways | HXD2C0001- | Datong Electric Locomotive, Alstom | 2010– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| China Railways HXD3C | China Railways | HXD3C0001- | Dalian, Bombardier | 2010– | Electric | Co'Co' | 150 t | 9,655 horsepower (7,200 kW) | |
| IORE | Malmbanan | IORE 101-IORE 126 | Bombardier | 2000–04 | Electric | Co'Co'+Co'Co' | 360 t | 14,483 horsepower (10,800 kW) for a pair, possible to operate halves which is not usually done |
Highest continuous tractive effort |
| Jawn Henry | Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) | 2300 | Baldwin Locomotive Works | 1954-58 | Steam Turbine Electric | C+C-C+C | 404 t | 4,500 horsepower (3,356 kW) |
Struck from the N&W roster on January 4, 1958 |
| VL85 | Russian Railways | 270 | Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant | 1983-94 | Electric | Bo'Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo'Bo' | 300 t | 13,437 horsepower (10,020 kW) |
|
| WDG5 | Indian Railways | EMD / DLW | 2012–present | Diesel-Electric Transmission | Bo-Bo-Bo | 5500HP locomotive with 560KN tractive effort | The most powerful diesel locomotive in India. A vision statement of IR suggests that up to 5,000 units of this class will be manufactured by 2020. | ||
| Union Pacific Coal GTELs | Union Pacific | 80 (later 8080) | Union Pacific Omaha Shops | 1961 | Diesel-Electric + Gas Turbine-Electric | A1A-A1A+2-D-D-2 | 728 t | 7,000 horsepower (5,220 kW) (2000 hp Diesel + 5000 hp turbine) | Home-built experimental coal-fired gas turbine. Assembled from ALCO PA-1 UP #607, GN W1 #5018, and the tender from Challenger #3990. 215 feet (66 m) overall length; 1,457,280 pounds (661,011 kg) total weight. Unsuccessful; set aside in 1964 and scrapped in 1968. |
| H220 | Victorian Railways | H Class | Victorian Railways / [Newport Workshop] | 1941–1958 | Steam Boiler, 3 Cylinder | 4-8-4 | 265t | 3,600 HP / 2,680KW coal fired steam locomotive (50 mph) with 245KN tractive effort. | The most powerful steam locomotive, at the time built in, Australia. 1 Built. Preserved at Newport, Victoria |
| 6029 | New South Wales Government Railways | AD60 Class | New South Wales Government Railways / [Beyer, Peacock and Company] | 1952–1954, 1956 | Steam Boiler, 4 Cylinder | 4-8-4+4-8-4 | 255t | 264.9 kN tractive effort. | Largest steam locomotive operating in Australia |
| Virginian Railway EL-3A | Virginian Railway | 100-109 | ALCO + Westinghouse | 1925-1926 | Electric | 1-D-1+1-D-1+1-D-1 | 624 t | 6,000 horsepower (4,474 kW) continuous; 7,125 horsepower (5,313 kW) (1-hour rating) | 152.25 feet (46 m) overall length. |
See also
References
- Diebert, Timothy S. and Strapac, Joseph A. (1987). Southern Pacific Company Steam Locomotive Conpendium. Shade Tree Books. ISBN 0-930742-12-5.
External links
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