Valmiera

"Wolmar" redirects here. For people named Wolmar, see Wolmar (surname).
Valmiera
City

Town centre with St. Simon's Church behind

Flag
Coat of arms
Valmiera

Location in Latvia

Coordinates: 57°33′N 25°24′E / 57.550°N 25.400°E / 57.550; 25.400Coordinates: 57°33′N 25°24′E / 57.550°N 25.400°E / 57.550; 25.400
Country  Latvia
Town rights 1323
Government
 • Mayor Jānis Baiks
Area
 • Total 18.18 km2 (7.02 sq mi)
Population
 • Total 27,569
 • Density 1,516/km2 (3,930/sq mi)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code LV-4201 LV-4202 LV-4204
Calling code +371 642
Number of city council members 13

Valmiera ( pronunciation ; German: Wolmar) is the largest city of the historical Vidzeme region, Latvia, with a total area of 18.1 square kilometres (7 square miles). It is the center of the Valmiera District. As of 2002, Valmiera had a population of 27,323, and in 2008 – 27,569.

It lies at the crossroads of several important roads, 100 kilometres (62 miles) to the north-east from Riga, the capital of Latvia, and 50 km (31 mi) south of the border with Estonia. Valmiera lies on both banks of the Gauja River.

History

Valmiera and its surroundings have been one of the longest-inhabited regions of Latvia. Archeological evidence indicates the site was inhabited 9,000 years ago. In 1224 after partition of Tālava trade roads along Gauja river became property of Livonian Brothers of the Sword who erected a castle which is today known as Valmiera Castle. After Battle of Saule in 1236 Valmiera Castle and nearby lands became property of newly established Livonian Order.

Valmiera was first mentioned as a town in a chronicle dating back to 1323. The actual founding of the town probably occurred at least 40 years earlier when the master of the Livonian Order Wilken von Endorp constructed a castle (Wolmar) and Catholic church on the banks of the river Gauja. Valmiera was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 14th–16th centuries. Involvement in the Hansa brought significant trade and movement into the town’s life. During 14th-16th centuries several regional assemblies (landtags) were held in Valmiera. After Livonian War in 1583 Valmiera was heavily devastated and was incorporated into Duchy of Livonia as part of Wenden Voivodeship. After Polish-Swedish war in 1622 Valmiera was managed by Lord High Chancellor of Sweden Axel Oxenstierna.

During the Great Northern War Valmiera was again destroyed and burned down in 1702. It was further devastated by plague. During first half of the 18th century Valmiera was on the decline. In 1738 M.E. von Hallart opened first seminary of Moravian Church in Valmiera movement which played important role in history of Vidzeme. In 1785 Valmiera became centre of a district. Town saw rapid development in the 19th century. First it was stimulated by building first bridge over river Gauja in 1865. Later building of Riga-St.Petersburg railway line through the town in 1899 also played a major role. Many new factories were built in the town and new settlements were growing on the both banks of river Gauja. During 1911-12 narrow gauge railway line Ainaži-Valmiera-Smiltene were built thus making Valmiera a major transport hub. In 1906 Municipal elections were held and Valmiera was one of the few towns in Latvia where Latvians won majority of seats (18 from 24). As a result, local doctor Georgs Apinis was elected as mayor. During first quarter of 20th century Valmiera also became centre of culture and education as many schools were opened in the town. Among them were Vidzeme teachers seminary, women gymnasium and merchant school.

During World War II, Valmiera was captured by troops of the German Army Group North on 4 July 1941 and placed under the administration of Reichskommissariat Ostland. The city was recaptured on 24 September 1944 by troops of the 3rd Baltic Front of the Red Army during the Riga Offensive. During war almost all buildings at the center of Valmiera was destroyed.

The Cold War Liepas air base was located nearby.

Version 2.2 of the open source mapping application QGIS was named in honor of Valmiera.[1]

Today

Valmiera is the de facto cultural and administrative centre of Vidzeme. It is the only town in the region to have a professional theater, Valmieras teātris, which was established in 1919. In 1996, Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences (Vidzemes Augstskola), was established.

Valmiera's municipality has been involved a variety of projects to improve the quality of life in the region. One of the largest projects is creating a garbage control system in northern Vidzeme. A project for water supply development and the restoration of sewage systems is being realised to promote the modernisation of the economic system in Vidzeme. The improvement of the payment system, the construction of a thermoelectric station, and the building of a sports hall for the Olympic Centre are also being planned.

Valmiera is an important industrial centre. The dominating economic branches in Valmiera are the food industry (milk, meat, and grain), fibreglass production, metalworking, wood processing and furniture producing.

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Valmiera is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fischer, Jürgen E. "Announcing the release of QGIS 2.2". OSGeo.org. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  2. ↑ "Networks, town twinning and partnerships" (PDF). City of Solna. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
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