Witch window

A Vermont or witch window.

In American vernacular architecture, a witch window (also known as a Vermont window, among other names) is a window (usually a double-hung sash window, occasionally a single-sided casement window) placed in the gable-end wall of a house^[1] and rotated approximately 1/8 of a turn (45 degrees) from the vertical, leaving it diagonal, with its long edge parallel to the roof slope.^[1][2] This technique allows a builder to fit a full-sized window into the long, narrow wall space between two adjacent roof lines.

Witch windows are found almost exclusively in or near the U.S. state of Vermont, generally in the central and northern parts of the state,^[3] and principally in farmhouses from the 19th century.^[1][2]

Etymology

The name "witch window" appears to come from a superstition that witches cannot fly their broomsticks through the tilted windows.^[4][5][6][7] The windows are also known as "coffin windows";^[2] it is unclear if they really were used for removing a coffin from the second floor (avoiding a narrow staircase), or if the odd placement on the wall was reminiscent of a coffin.^[1][8] Either explanation seems far-fetched.^[1][8] They are alternatively known as "Vermont windows" because of their distribution,^[3] and as "sideways"^[2] or "lazy windows"^[3] for their orientation.

Construction

On this house, the clapboards are hung at an angle to match the window.

Dormer windows, which can leave a room very cold, are unusual in Vermont, particularly in older construction; windows are mostly placed in walls. When a house is expanded, for example with a kitchen wing or an attached shed, there may be very little wall space available in the gable end in which to put a window, which may be the only window available for an upper floor room (if there is no dormer—adding a dormer to an existing roof is problematic, as it involves puncturing the roof membrane^[9]).

The solution is to rotate the window until its long edge is parallel to the nearby roof line, the better to maximize the space available for a window.^[1] Thus, not only is window area (and thus incoming light and ventilation) maximized, but building or buying a custom window is avoided. The window that was removed from the wall may even be re-used.^[4]

An alternative explanation for the orientation of the window is that getting at least one corner of a window up as far as possible in the interior of the house allows hot air (which rises to the top of the room) to escape on summer afternoons.^[5] However, this reasoning seems suspect, as Vermont is not as hot as many other locations,^[10] while the windows are not ubiquitous.^[1] If heat escape were the goal, diagonal windows could be placed in other walls as well.

The diagonal orientation of the window can complicate the placement of the siding (such as clapboards) on the wall in which the window is hung, because if the siding is horizontal, it will meet the window frame at an acute angle, complicating both the cutting of the siding and the waterproofing of the frame-siding joint. One solution is to orient all of the siding on the wall so that it is parallel with the window frame.

See also

• Fortochka

References

External links

• Discussion of installing a witch window in an existing wall

Further reading

• Herbert Wheaton Congdon, Old Vermont Houses: 1763-1850, 1940 (reprinted 1968, Noone House, Peterborough, N.H.).
• David G. De Long, Helen Searing, and Robert A.M. Stern, eds., American Architecture: Innovation and Tradition, Rizzoli, New York, 1986.
• Thomas C. Hubka, Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn: The Connected Farm Buildings of New England, University Press of New England, Hanover, N.H., 1984.
• Vermont Division for Historic Preservation, A Guide to Vermont Architecture, reprinted 1996, Montpelier, Vermont.