2002 Winter Olympics

"Salt Lake 2002" redirects here. For the video game, see Salt Lake 2002 (video game). For the 2002 Winter Paralympics, see 2002 Winter Paralympics.
XIX Olympic Winter Games

The emblem combines a snow crystal and a sun rising over a mountain. The yellow, orange, and blue colors represent the varied Utah landscape.
Host city Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Motto Light The Fire Within
Nations participating 78[1]
Athletes participating 2,399 (1,513 men, 886 women)[2]
Events 78 in 7 sports (15 disciplines)
Opening ceremony February 8
Closing ceremony February 24
Officially opened by George W. Bush
President of the United States of America
Athlete's Oath Jim Shea
Judge's Oath Allen Church
Olympic Torch Members of the 1980 USA hockey team, led by team captain Mike Eruzione
Stadium Rice-Eccles Stadium
"Call of the Champions"
composed by John Williams for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. Performed by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and the Utah Symphony Orchestra. The choir sings the Olympic motto "Citius, Altius, Fortius" which is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger."[3]
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2002 Winter Olympics

The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XIXes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002, were a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated in February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Approximately 2,400 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC).[4] Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympics are the most recent games to be held in the United States.

The opening ceremony was held on February 8, 2002, and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24, 2002.[4] Music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters.[5] Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics, although the two subsequent host cities' populations were larger.[6] Following a trend, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games, with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan;[7] this became a trend with more and more events held in subsequent Games.

The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid, as well as some sporting and refereeing controversies during the competitions. Nevertheless, from sporting and business standpoints, this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs. Over 2 billion viewers watched more than 13 billion viewer-hours.[8] The Games were also financially successful raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, which left SLOC with a surplus of $40 million. The surplus was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation, which maintains and operates many of the remaining Olympic venues.[8] U.S. Federal subsidies amounted to $1.3 billion.[9]

Host city selection


Salt Lake City during the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Countdown clock used for the games in the shape of an arrowhead.
U.S. Bobsled Team makes their way down the track at Utah Olympic Park during the men's two-man bobsled event at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games.
The men's 10km sprint biathlon race at Soldier Hollow during the 2002 Winter Olympic Games on Feb. 13, 2002.

Salt Lake City was chosen over Québec City, Canada, Sion, Switzerland, and Östersund, Sweden, on June 16, 1995, at the 104th IOC Session in Budapest, Hungary.[10] Salt Lake City had previously come in second during the bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics, awarded to Nagano, Japan, and had offered to be the provisional host of the 1976 Winter Olympics when the original host, Denver, Colorado, withdrew. The 1976 Winter Olympics were ultimately awarded to Innsbruck, Austria.

2002 Winter Olympics bidding result[11]
City Country Round 1
Salt Lake City  United States54
Östersund Sweden14
Sion  Switzerland14
Québec City  Canada7

Venues

Competitive venues

Venue Events Gross capacity Ref.
Deer Valley Alpine skiing (slalom), freestyle skiing 13,400 [12]
E Center Ice hockey 10,500 [13]
Park City Mountain Resort Alpine skiing (giant slalom), snowboarding 16,000 [14]
Peaks Ice Arena Ice hockey 8,400 [15]
Salt Lake Ice Center1 Figure skating, short track speed skating 17,500 [13]
Snowbasin Alpine skiing (combined, downhill, super-G) 22,500 [16]
Soldier Hollow Biathlon, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing portion) 15,200 [17]
The Ice Sheet at Ogden Curling 2,000 [18]
Utah Olympic Oval Speed skating 5,236 [19]
Utah Olympic Park
(bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track) 		Bobsleigh, luge, skeleton, Nordic combined (ski jumping portion), ski jumping 18,100 (ski jumping)
15,000 (sliding track) 		[20]

1Because of the no-commercialization policy of the Olympics, the Delta Center, now the Vivint Smart Home Arena, was labeled as the "Salt Lake Ice Center", causing some confusion for visitors.

Non-competitive venues

Venue Events/purpose Gross capacity Ref.
Main Media Center International Broadcast Center & Main Press Center
2002 Olympic Medals Plaza Olympic medal presentations & Olympic Celebration Series concerts 20,000 [21]
2002 Olympic Village Olympic Village & Olympic Family Hotel
Park City Main Street Main Street celebration area, Park City Technical Center, NBC broadcast center, sponsor showcases [22]
Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium Opening & closing ceremonies ≈50,000 [23]
Salt Lake Olympic Square Olympic Medals Plaza, Salt Lake Ice Center, Olympic Superstore, sponsor showcases [24]

Participating nations

Participating nations

A total 78[1] National Olympic Committees sent athletes to the Salt Lake City games. Cameroon, Hong Kong (China), Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand participated in their first Winter Olympic games.

Participating National Olympic Committees

Sports

There were 78 events contested in 7 sports (15 disciplines).


Calendar

Andrea Nahrgang competing at Soldier Hollow on February 18, 2002.
Curling at The Ice Sheet at Ogden on February 22, 2002.
The E Center during a hockey match on February 11, 2002.

In the following calendar for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport are held. The number in each box represents the number of finals that were contested on that day.[26]

All dates are in Mountain Standard Time (UTC-7)
OCOpening ceremony ●Event competitions 1Event finals EGExhibition gala CCClosing ceremony
February 8th
Fri		 9th
Sat		 10th
Sun		 11th
Mon		 12th
Tue		 13th
Wed		 14th
Thu		 15th
Fri		 16th
Sat		 17th
Sun		 18th
Mon		 19th
Tue		 20th
Wed		 21st
Thu		 22nd
Fri		 23rd
Sat		 24th
Sun		 Events
Ceremonies OC CC
Alpine skiing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
Biathlon 2 2 2 1 1 8
Bobsleigh ● 1 1 ● 1 3
Cross country skiing 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 12
Curling ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Figure skating ● 1 ● 1 ● ● 1 ● 1 EG 4
Freestyle skiing 1 1 1 1 4
Ice hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2
Luge ● 1 ● 1 1 3
Nordic combined ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 3
Short track speed skating 1 2 2 3 8
Skeleton 2 2
Ski jumping ● 1 ● 1 1 3
Snowboarding 1 1 ● 2 4
Speed skating 1 1 ● 1 ● 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10
Total events 4 5 6 4 6 4 5 6 4 4 5 7 5 4 7 2 78
Cumulative total 4 9 15 19 25 29 34 40 44 48 53 60 65 69 76 78
February 8th
Fri		 9th
Sat		 10th
Sun		 11th
Mon		 12th
Tue		 13th
Wed		 14th
Thu		 15th
Fri		 16th
Sat		 17th
Sun		 18th
Mon		 19th
Tue		 20th
Wed		 21st
Thu		 22nd
Fri		 23rd
Sat		 24th
Sun		 Events

Medal table

Ski Jumping medals being awarded at the Salt Lake Medal Plaza on February 13, at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Fireworks at the Salt Lake Medal Plaza.
Vonetta Flowers and Jill Bakken, USA, during the medal ceremony at the Olympic Medal Plaza in Salt Lake City, after winning the gold medal in two-woman bobsled for the United States.

      Host country (United States)

To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Norway 13 5 7 25
2 Germany 12 16 8 36
3 United States 10 13 11 34
4 Canada 7 3 7 17
5 Russia 5 4 4 13
6 France 4 5 2 11
7 Italy 4 4 5 13
8 Finland 4 2 1 7
9 Netherlands 3 5 0 8
10 Austria 3 4 10 17

Records

Several medals records were set and/or tied. They included (bold-face indicates broken during the Vancouver Olympics):

Highlights

Olympic flame being lit by the 1980 US Olympic Hockey Team at Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium during the opening ceremonies.
Members of the United States Olympic team hold the American flag that flew over the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, at Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium.

Opening ceremony

The announcement of past Winter Olympic Games at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games on February 8, 2002, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
An American Indian Chief during the opening ceremony of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games on February 8, 2002, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
U.S. President George W. Bush takes a phone call from an athlete's family during the opening ceremony.

Prior to the ceremony, the turf inside the stadium was removed and a giant, abstract shaped ice rink, designed by Seven Nielsen, was installed, covering a large part of the stadium floor. Performers would later perform on ice skates, rather than shoes.

An American flag rescued from the World Trade Center Site on September 11 was carried into the stadium by an honor guard of American athletes and was carried in by firefighters and police officers. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir, clad in white sweaters, performed The Star Spangled Banner, the US national anthem, as the flag was raised. The parade of the 2,300 athletes was led by the Child of Light and began traditionally with Greece and ending with the host nation, the United States of America. As the artistic section kicked off, the five native Utah Native American tribes arrived together on horseback and performed several traditional "Welcome" stomp dances. The Dixie Chicks also performed.

The beauty of the Utah landscape was showcased as huge puppets of native Utah animals, including a 15-foot-long bison and the American bald eagle (the national bird and animal of the U.S.), entered the stadium, as well as dancing pioneer settlers as two trains came together on, symbolizing the US railroad industry which was beneficial to Utah's economy beginning in the 1860s, as well as economically linking the Western U.S. and the Eastern U.S. At the end of their performance, the performers unfurled a giant quilt that covered the entire stadium floor with the 2002 Winter Olympics logo in the center.[30] Two figure skaters, Olympians Kristi Yamaguchi and Scott Hamilton performed on the over-sized ice rink as "Light the Fire Within," the 2002 Winter Olympic's theme song was sung by LeAnn Rimes.[30]

After speeches by Jacques Rogge, President over the IOC and Mitt Romney, the CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, the Olympic flame, which had traveled 13,500 miles (21,700 km) was carried into the stadium by gold medalists Dorothy Hamill and Dick Button. They passed the flame to other pairs U.S. Olympic heroes, who either ran or skated their short relay. Gold medalists in Nagano 1998 Picabo Street and Cammi Granato carried the flame up the steps to the towering cauldron where they were met by Mike Eruzione, captain of the miracle on ice hockey team that won the Olympic gold medal in 1980. Eruzione summoned the other members of the team, who together lit the Olympic cauldron.[31] The Opening Ceremony would win seven Emmy Awards.[30]

While there was a lot of international sympathy for the US in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, there were complaints that the Games were being conducted in an overtly patriotic manner. President Bush received some criticism for departing from the Olympic charter by extending the declaration to open the Games, saying “On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation” before the traditional formula, “I declare open the Games of Salt Lake City”.[32] In addition, the President opened the Games standing among the US athletes, while previous heads of state opened the Games from an official box. NBC's Bob Costas applauded the move during the network's coverage of the Opening Ceremony.

The official box was occupied by the President's Olympic delegation:

2002 Olympic Symbols

Olympic Emblem

The 2002 Olympic emblem on the bobsled track at the Utah Olympic Park.
2002 Olympic Winter Games $5 coin created by the US Mint.
Delta's Boeing 777-200 in livery commemorating the Games.
Detail of the 2002 Winter Games Olympic Torch.

The 2002 Olympic emblem is a snowflake, which consisted of three separate sections. The yellow top section symbolizes the Olympic Flame, and represents the athletes' courage. The orange center section symbolizes the ancient weaving styles of Utah's Native Americans, and represents the region's culture. The blue/purple bottom section symbolizes a snow-capped mountain, and represents the contrast of Utah's mountain and desert areas. The orange/yellow colors above the blue/purple bottom section also gave the appearance of a sun rising from behind a mountain.

Theme colors

An official palette of colors, which ranged from cool blues to warm reds and oranges, was created for the Salt Lake 2002 games. The palette became part of the official design theme named Land of Contrast – Fire and Ice, with the blues representing the cooler, snowy, mountainous regions of Northern Utah, and the oranges and red representing the warmer, rugged, red-rock areas of Southern Utah.[33]

Pictograms

As with all Olympic games, pictograms, which easily identified the venues, sports, and services for spectators without using a written language, were specifically designed for the Salt Lake 2002 games. The pictograms for these games mimicked the designs of branding-irons found in the western United States, and used the Fire and Ice theme colors of the Salt Lake 2002 Games. The line thickness and 30-degree angles found in the pictograms mirror those found in the snowflake emblem.[33]

Powder, Copper and Coal
2002 Olympic Mascots

The mascots

The mascots represent three of the indigenous animals of the Western United States, and are named after natural resources which have long been important to Utah's economy, survival, and culture. All three animals are major characters in the legends of local Native Americans, and each mascot wears a charm around its neck with an original Anasazi or Fremont-style petroglyph.

The Olympic Torch and relay

Navy Chief Petty Officer Bernard Brown carries the Olympic flame through a cordon of 184 American flags Dec. 21, 2001, during a ceremony at the Pentagon's River Parade Field.

The 2002 Olympic Torch is modeled after an icicle, with a slight curve to represent speed and fluidity. The Torch measures 33 inches (84 cm) long, 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide at the top, 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) at the bottom, and was designed by Axiom Design of Salt Lake City.[34][35] It was created with three sections, each with its own meaning and representation.[34]

The torch relay was a 65-day run, from December 4, 2001 to February 8, 2002, which carried the Olympic flame through 46 of the 50 states in the United States.[36] The torch covered 13,500 miles (21,700 km), passed through 300 communities, and was carried by 12,012 Torchbearers.[36]

The Olympic Cauldron

The Olympic Cauldron was designed with the official motto Light the Fire Within and the Fire and Ice theme in mind. It was designed to look like an icicle, and was made of glass which allowed the fire to be seen burning within. The actual glass cauldron stands atop a twisting glass and steel support, is 12 feet (3.7 m) high, and the flame within burns at 900 °F (482.2 °C).[37] Together with its support the cauldron stands 117 feet (36 m) tall and was made of 738 individual pieces of glass. Small jets send water down the glass sides of the cauldron, both to keep the glass and metal cooled (so they would not crack or melt), and to give the effect of melting ice.[38] The cauldron was designed by WET Design of Los Angeles, its frame built by Arrow Dynamics of Clearfield, Utah, and its glass pieces created by Western Glass of Ogden, Utah. The cauldron's cost was 2 million dollars, and it was unveiled to the public during its original install at Rice-Eccles Stadium (2002 Olympic Stadium) on January 8, 2002.[39] Following the completion of the 2002 Winter Olympics the cauldron was installed at the permanent Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park, next the 2002 Olympic Stadium in Salt Lake City.

A second Olympic cauldron burned at the Awards Plaza in downtown Salt Lake City during the games. It was known as the Hero's Cauldron and was in the backdrop of every awards ceremony. This was the first time two cauldrons were used during the same Olympic Games.[40]

Concerns and controversies

Bribery to bring the games to Salt Lake City

In 1998, several IOC members were forced to resign after it was uncovered that they had accepted bribes from Salt Lake Bid Committee co-heads Tom Welch and Dave Johnson in return for voting for Salt Lake City to hold the Games. In response to the scandal and a financial shortfall for the games, Mitt Romney, then CEO of the private equity firm Bain Capital (and future presidential candidate), was hired as the new President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, leaving him and IOC President Dr. Jacques Rogge to contend with the public outcry and financial mess.[41] Romney, Kem C. Gardner, a Utah commercial real estate developer, and Don Stirling, the Olympics' local marketing chief, raised "millions of dollars from Mormon families with pioneer roots: the Eccles family, whose forebears were important industrialists and bankers" to help rescue the games, according to a later report.[42] An additional $410 million was received from the federal government.[43]

Disqualifications for doping

The 2002 games were the first Winter Olympics held after formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency; as a result there were a large number of athletes disqualified following the new testing.[44]

Athletes in cross-country skiing were disqualified for various reasons, including doping by two Russians and one Spaniard, leading Russia to file protests and threaten to withdraw from the competition.

Judging controversies

In the first week of the Games, a controversy in the pairs' figure skating competition culminated in the French judge's scores being thrown out and the Canadian team of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier being awarded a second gold medal. Allegations of bribery were leveled against many ice-skating judges, leading to the arrest of known criminal Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov in Italy (at the request of the United States). He was released by the Italian officials. [45]

Security measures

Spc. Patrick Jean-Mary, of Warwick, R.I., inspects two forms of identification during the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City.

These Olympic games were the first since September 11, 2001, which meant a higher level of security than ever before provided for the Games. The Office of Homeland Security (OHS) designated the Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE).

Aerial surveillance and radar control was provided by the U.S. Marines of Marine Air Control Squadron 2, Detachment C, from Cherry Point, North Carolina.

According to the Wall Street Journal, the FBI and NSA arranged with Qwest Communications to use intercept equipment for a period of less than six months around the time of the 2002 Winter Olympics. The agencies monitored the content of all email and text communications in the Salt Lake City area.[46]

When he spoke during the opening ceremonies, Jacques Rogge, presiding over his first Olympics as the IOC president, told the athletes of the United States:[47]

Your nation is overcoming a horrific tragedy, a tragedy that has affected the whole world. We stand united with you in the promotion of our common ideals and hope for world peace.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 The IOC site for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games gives erroneous figure of 77 participated NOCs, however one can count 78 nations looking through official results of 2002 Games Part 1, Part 2, Part 3. Probably this error is consequence that Costa Rica's delegation of one athlete joined the Games after the Opening Ceremony, so 77 nations participated in Opening Ceremony and 78 nations participated in the Games.
  2. ↑ "The Olympic Winter Games Factsheet" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  3. ↑ "What is the Olympic motto?". Olympic.org. 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  4. 1 2 Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 35. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  5. ↑ "Air Edel | Composers | MARK WATTERS". Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  6. ↑ Salt Lake population figures by the United States Census Archived June 30, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 36. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  8. 1 2 International Olympic Committee (2002). Marketing Matters (PDF). Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  9. ↑ 2002 Olympics to Cost US Taxpayers $1.3 Billion (accessed October 22, 2012)
  10. ↑ IOC Vote History
  11. ↑ GamesBids.com Past Olympic Games Bids
  12. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 77. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  13. 1 2 Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 89. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  14. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 79. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  15. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 91. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  16. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 93. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  17. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 81. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  18. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 99. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  19. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 97. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  20. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 85. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  21. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 103. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  22. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2001). Official Spectator Guide. p. 95.
  23. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 101. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  24. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 105. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  25. ↑ Costa Rica's delegation of one athlete joined the Games after the Opening Ceremony.
  26. ↑ "Salt Lake 2002 Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games" (PDF). Salt Lake Organizing Committee. 2002. p. 41. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. LCCN 2002109189.
  27. 1 2 Canadian Press (February 27, 2010). "Canada sets Olympic gold record". CBC Sports. Archived from the original on March 3, 2010. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  28. ↑ "U.S. clinches medals mark, Canada ties gold record". Vancouver. Associated Press. February 27, 2010. Archived from the original on March 3, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
  29. ↑ Abrahamson, Alan (March 1, 2010). "'Excellent and friendly Games' come to a close". NBC. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
  30. 1 2 3 N/A. "CEREMONIES Salt Lake 2002". Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  31. ↑ Salt Lake City Flame Lighting. YouTube (February 19, 2011). Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
  32. ↑ MacKay, Duncan (February 15, 2002). "Chariots of ire: is US jingoism tarnishing the Olympic ideal?". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  33. 1 2 Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 206. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  34. 1 2 Salt Lake Organizing Committee. "Olympic Torch Relay". Archived from the original on October 24, 2001. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  35. ↑ "Olympic Torch Design". KSL-TV. February 21, 2001. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
  36. 1 2 Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 246. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 5, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
  37. ↑ Lisa Riley Roche (January 31, 2004). "Cauldron creation detailed in book". Deseret News. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  38. ↑ Salt Lake Organizing Committee (2002). Official Report of the XIX Olympic Winter Games (PDF). p. 207. ISBN 0-9717961-0-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  39. ↑ John Daley (January 8, 2002). "Caldron Unveiled". KSL-TV. Archived from the original on September 27, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  40. ↑ "Two Cauldrons Burning". KSL-TV. February 9, 2002. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
  41. ↑ Johnson, Kirk (September 19, 2007). "In Olympics Success, Romney Found New Edge". NY Times. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
  42. ↑ Jim, Rutenburg, "Mormons’ First Families Rally Behind Romney", The New York Times, web pp. 2 & 3, July 16, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  43. ↑ Karl, Jonathan, , "EXCLUSIVE: In ’02 Romney Touted D.C. Connections, Federal Funds"], ABC News, web pp. 1, March 2, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  44. ↑ Bob Weiner & Caitlin Harrison (December 29, 2010). "Expect illegal drugs at 2012 Olympics". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
  45. ↑ Andrew Dampf (August 13, 2002). "Taivanchik Hearing Ordered to Stay Put". The St Petersburg Times. Associated Press. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
  46. ↑ Siobhan Gorman; Jennifer Valentino-Devries (August 20, 2013). "New Details Show Broader NSA Surveillance Reach: Programs Cover 75% of Nation's Traffic, Can Snare Emails". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 21, 2013.. "For the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, officials say, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and NSA arranged with Qwest Communications International Inc. to use intercept equipment for a period of less than six months around the time of the event. It monitored the content of all email and text communications in the Salt Lake City area."
  47. ↑ "Winter Olympics Open Amid Tight Security". ABC News. February 8, 2002. Retrieved January 31, 2012.

External links

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Preceded by
Nagano		 Winter Olympics
Salt Lake City
XIX Olympic Winter Games (2002) 		Succeeded by
Turin
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