Winged altar

Krakow High Altar by Veit Stoß: wings with reliefs and altar shrine with wood carvings

Winged altar of St. Wolfgang's Church in Schneeberg: painted panels

1540 Gotha panel altar with 157 individual scenes, displayed in the Ducal Museum in Gotha

The winged altar (also folding altar) or winged retable is a special form of retable, common in Central Europe, in which the fixed shrine or corpus can be enclosed by two (triptych), four (pentaptych) or more (polyptych) movable wings. The technical terms are derived from Ancient Greek: τρίς: trís or "triple"; πέντε: pénte or "five"; πολύς: polýs or "many"; and πτυχή: ptychē or "fold, layer".^[1] Because the winged altar can display different scenes on weekdays, Sundays or holidays, based on the motifs and type of decoration (painted panels or reliefs), it is also called a liturgical altar. An altarpiece is often mounted on the altar shrine, but more usually it has a carving (carved altar). Above the retable may be found the crowning or superstructure, pinnacles and flowers of the cross. Relics can be housed below it, in a reliquary in the predella lying on the altar stone.

Examples

• Pacher Altar of St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut
• Kefermarkt winged altar in Kefermarkt
• Krakow High Altar in St. Mary's Basilica by Veit Stoß.
• Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van Eyck
• Isenheim Altarpiece by Matthias Grünewald
• Herrenberg Altarpiece, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
• Antwerp Retable
• The largest collection of medieval retables in Germany is to be found in St. Anne’s Abbey, Lübeck, including the Passion Altarpiece by Hans Memling and the Schonen Altarpiece by Bernt Notke
• The Last Judgment by Hans Memling, Danzig
• Schwabach Altarpiece in the Church of St. John and St. Martin in Schwabach, a high altar from the workshop of Michael Wolgemut

Literature

• Herbert Schindler: The Schnitzaltar. Meisterwerke und Meister in Süddeutschland, Österreich und Südtirol. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1978. ISBN 3-7917-0754-X
• Karl-Werner Bachmann, Géza Jászai, Friedrich Kobler, Catheline Périer-D'Ieteren, Barbara Rommé, Norbert Wolf: Flügelretable, in: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte, Vol. 9, 2003, ISBN 3-406-14009-2, cols. 1450–1536.

References

1. ↑ Wilhelm Gemoll (1965) (in German), Griechisch-Deutsches Schul- und Handwörterbuch, München/Wien: G. Freytag Verlag/Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky 

See also

• Triptych
• Polyptych

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Winged altars.

• Website des Kirchspiels Felsberg: Felsberg winged altar