William and Mary

This article is about the joint reign of the English monarchs William III and Mary II. For the university in Williamsburg, Virginia, see The College of William & Mary. For other uses, see William and Mary (disambiguation).

Detail of William and Mary as portrayed on the ceiling of the Painted Hall of the Greenwich Hospital

William and Mary were the co-regents over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, namely the Dutch Prince of Orange King William III (& II) and his spouse (and first cousin) Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February 1689 after they were offered the throne by the Convention Parliament irregularly summoned by William after his successful invasion of England in February 1689, the so-called Glorious Revolution. They replaced James II (& VII), Mary's father, who fled the country. Parliament offered William and Mary a co-regency, at the couple's behest. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled alone until his death in 1702. William and Mary were childless and were ultimately succeeded by Mary's younger sister, Anne.

Historic influence

To end the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights of 1689. This action both signaled the end of several centuries of tension and conflict between the crown and parliament, and the end of the idea that England would be restored to Roman Catholicism, King William being a Dutch Protestant leader. The Bill of Rights also inspired the English colonists in the Thirteen Colonies to revolt against the rule of King James II and his proposed changes in colonial governance. These revolts occurred in the colonies of Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland.^[1]

Stamp duty was first introduced into England during this reign, by an act of 1694 titled "An act for granting to their Majesties several duties upon vellum, parchment and paper, for four years, towards carrying on the war against France".^[2]

Their names were lent to the second institution of higher learning in the United States, The College of William and Mary, which was founded in 1693 under a royal charter.

References

↑ David S. Lovejoy, The Glorious Revolution in America (Wesleyan University Press, 1972, 2011), ISBN 0819572608.
↑ Dagnall, H. (1994) Creating a Good Impression: three hundred years of The Stamp Office and stamp duties. London: HMSO, p. 3. ISBN 0116414189

English, Scottish and British monarchs

Monarchs of England before 1603	Monarchs of Scotland before 1603

Æthelstan Edmund I Eadred Eadwig Edgar the Peaceful Edward the Martyr Æthelred the Unready Sweyn Forkbeard Edmund Ironside Cnut the Great Harold Harefoot Harthacnut Edward the Confessor Harold Godwinson Edgar the Ætheling William I William II Henry I Stephen Matilda Henry II Henry the Young King Richard I John Henry III Edward I Edward II Edward III Richard II Henry IV Henry V Henry VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Henry VIII Edward VI Jane Mary I and Philip Elizabeth I	Kenneth I MacAlpin Donald I Constantine I Áed Giric Eochaid Donald II Constantine II Malcolm I Indulf Dub Cuilén Amlaíb Kenneth II Constantine III Kenneth III Malcolm II Duncan I Macbeth Lulach Malcolm III Canmore Donald III Duncan II Donald III Edgar Alexander I David I Malcolm IV William I Alexander II Alexander III Margaret First Interregnum John Second Interregnum Robert I David II Edward Robert II Robert III James I James II James III James IV James V Mary I James VI

Monarchs of England and Scotland after the Union of the Crowns in 1603

James I & VI Charles I Commonwealth Charles II James II & VII William III & II and Mary II Anne

British monarchs after the Acts of Union 1707

Anne George I George II George III George IV William IV Victoria Edward VII George V Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II

Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics.

Stadtholders of Guelders

Stadtholders of Holland, Zeeland and (from 1528) Utrecht

Stadtholders of Overijssel

Georg Schenck van Toutenburg Maximiliaan van Egmond Jan van Ligne Karel van Brimeu Gillis van Berlaymont Caspar van Robles Georges van Lalaing Francisco Verdugo Adolf van Nieuwenaar Maurice of Nassau Frederick Henry of Orange William II of Orange William III of Orange William IV of Orange William V of Orange

Stadtholders of Drenthe

College of William & Mary

Academics	Affiliate institutions Richard Bland College Schools Mason School of Business School of Arts and Sciences School of Education Law School Virginia Institute of Marine Science Programs Center for Gifted Education Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy Other Brigham–Kanner Property Rights Conference / Prize Honor code Institute of Bill of Rights Law Phi Beta Kappa Society Public Ivy Scandal of 1951

Athletics	Sports Football (Capital Cup) Men's basketball Men's soccer Women's soccer Baseball Facilities Albert–Daly Field Blow Gymnasium Busch Field Jimmye Laycock Football Center Millie West Tennis Facility Kaplan Arena at William & Mary Hall McCormack–Nagelsen Tennis Center Plumeri Park Walter J. Zable Stadium at Cary Field Related Colonial Athletic Association Griffin Pep Band Tribe Fight Song

Campus	Alan B. Miller Hall Alumni House Brafferton Crim Dell bridge Earl Gregg Swem Library Henry C. Wolf Law Library Mason School of Business Library Muscarelle Museum of Art Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall Sunken Garden William J. Hargis, Jr. Library Wren Building

History	History Firsts Colonial Colleges Matthew Whaley School Christopher Newport University Old Dominion University The Colleges of William & Mary Priorities of the College

People	Notable alumni Presidents Chancellors King William III & Queen Mary II Commencement speakers

Student life	American Parliamentary Debate Association Bus transportation The Gentlemen of the College Greek life Our Alma Mater Publications DoG Street Journal Flat Hat Virginia Informer William and Mary Quarterly Secret societies 7 Society Bishop James Madison Society Flat Hat Club Wren Society Student Assembly WCWM 90.9 FM WMTV

Misc.	Ash Lawn–Highland City of Williamsburg Colonial Williamsburg I Am the College Royal Hospital School SS William and Mary Victory

Commons Category

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William and Mary

Historic influence

See also

References