William Poole

For other people named William Poole, see William Poole (disambiguation).

William Poole (July 24, 1821 – March 8, 1855), also known as Bill the Butcher, was the leader of the New York City gang Bowery Boys, a bare-knuckle boxer, and a leader of the Know Nothing political movement.

Brooklyn Eagle, March 10, 1855 (partial)
Brooklyn Eagle, March 20, 1855

Early life

Poole was born in Sussex County, New Jersey to parents of English descent.[1] In 1832, his family moved to New York City to open a butcher shop in Washington Market, Manhattan. William Poole trained in his father's trade and eventually took over the family store. In the 1840s, he worked with the Howard (Red Rover) Volunteer Fire Engine Company #34 on Hudson and Christopher Streets, and started the Washington Street Gang.

Attack at Florence's Hotel

The New York Daily Times reported the following on October 23, 1851:

A Brutal Outrage in Broadway. We learn that at an early hour yesterday morning, two noted pugilists entered Florence's Hotel, corner of Broadway and Howard street, and without any provocation seized the bar-keeper and beat his face to a jelly. It appears that Thomas Hyer, William Poole, and several others entered the above hotel, and while one of the party held Charles Owens (the bar-keeper) by the hair of his head, another of the gang beat him in the face to such an extent that his left eye was completely ruined and the flesh of his cheek mangled in the most shocking manner. After thus accomplishing the heartless act, all of them made an effort to find Mr. John Florence, the proprietor of the hotel, with a view of serving him in the same manner, but not succeeding in their latter design, they found the hat of Mr. Florence and wantonly cut it into strips, and trampled it under their feet. The desperadoes then left the house, and in the meantime Mr. Owens was placed under medical attendance, and in the course of a short time he proceeded to the Jefferson Market Police, in company with Mr. Florence, where they made their affidavits respecting the inhuman outrage, upon which Justice Blakeley issued his warrants for Hyer, Poole, and such of the others who were concerned in the affair, and the same were placed in the hands of officer Baldwin for service. Since the above was written we have been reliably informed that the affray originated from the fact of the barkeeper having refused them drinks, after they had been furnished with them twice in succession.

Dispute with John Morrissey

Poole's archenemy, John Morrissey, was an Irish immigrant and enforcer for Tammany Hall. Morrissey was also a popular boxer and challenged Poole to a match. Though the two men were of differing ethnic backgrounds and political parties, the initial grounds for their dispute may have arisen from an earlier bet by Poole on a boxing match at Boston Corners on October 12, 1853, in which Poole had placed his bet on Morrissey's opponent, "Yankee Sullivan".

Results of the boxing match were disputed, and Poole was against Morrissey being paid.

The shooting

Morrissey plotted revenge and on February 25, 1855, Lew Baker, a friend of Morrissey, shot Poole at Stanwix Hall, a bar on Broadway near Prince, at that time a center of the city's nightlife. The New York Daily Times reported on February 26, 1855 the following:

Terrible Shooting Affray in Broadway – Bill Poole Fatally Wounded – The Morrissey and Poole Feud – Renewal of Hostilities – Several Persons Severely Wounded. Broadway, in the vicinity of Prince and Houston Streets, was the scene of an exciting shooting affair about 1 o'clock yesterday morning, which is but a repetition of a similar occurrence that transpired a few weeks ago under Wallack's Theatre between Tom Hyer, Lewis Baker, Jim Turner and several other noted pugilists...

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The Funeral of Poole from The NY Times, March 12, 1855
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Poole died on March 8, 1855 from the gunshot wound. He died in his home on Christopher Street, leaving a wife and a son named Charles Poole. His last words were, "Good-bye boys; I die a true American." He was buried on March 11, 1855, in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery in an unmarked grave. A tombstone was added in 2004; the grave is number 48 and 49, F/G 6(v).

Louis Baker took the brig Isabella Jewett which was headed for the Canary Islands. George Law, Sr., furnished the clipper ship Grapeshot to pursue Baker. It intercepted the Jewett on April 17, 1855. Baker was captured and brought back. He was tried three times for the murder but all three trials ended in a hung jury. Morrissey went on to open up several bars and accumulated $1.5 million, but was never accepted by American aristocracy. He later served as a state senator and died of pneumonia in 1878.

Fictional portrayals

Poole was the inspiration for the character of William "Bill the Butcher" Cutting (portrayed by Daniel Day-Lewis) in Martin Scorsese's 2002 film Gangs of New York. Although the film's Cutting incorporates many aspects of Poole's character and history, he is depicted as living through the Civil War, being killed during the New York City Draft Riots of 1863, eight years after Poole's death.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Herbert Asbury website
  • Charlton T. Lewis, Harper's Book of Facts, New York, 1906
  • Herbert Asbury, The Gangs of New York, New York, 1928
  • Mark Caldwell, New York Night: The Mystique and Its History, New York, 2005
  • Seth F. Abrams and Rose Keefe, The Killing of Bill the Butcher: William Poole and the Battle for Old New York, New York, 2010

Selected coverage in the New York Daily Times

  • New York Daily Times, Volume 1, Number 0031, Thursday, October 23, 1851, page 1 "Boxing"
  • New York Daily Times, Volume 3, Number 0646, Thursday, October 13, 1853, page 1 "hotel"
  • New York Daily Times, Volume 3, Number 0892, July 28, 1854, page 4 "Boxing teaser"
  • New York Daily Times, Volume 3, Number 0892, July 28, 1854, page 8 "Boxing"
  • New York Daily Times, Volume 4, Number 1074, Monday, February 26, 1855, page 1, "Shooting"
  • New York Daily Times, Volume 4, Number 1084, Friday, March 9, 1855, page 1, "Coroner's Inquest"

Selected coverage in the Brooklyn Eagle

  • Brooklyn Eagle, March 20, 1855, page 2, "The Poole murder"
  • Brooklyn Eagle, March 20, 1855, page 3, "The death of bully Poole"
  • Brooklyn Eagle, March 24, 1855, page 3, "Grand jury"

Selected coverage in the New York Times

The New York Times covered the events of Stanwix Hall almost every day for a month

  • New York Times, March 9, 1855, page 1, "The Pugilist's Encounter"
  • New York Times, March 10, 1855, page 1, "The Death of William Poole"
  • New York Times, March 12, 1855, page 1, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, March 12, 1855, page 4, "The Funeral of Poole"
  • New York Times, March 13, 1855, page 1, "The Poole Murder"
  • New York Times, March 17, 1855, page 1, "The Poole Murder"
  • New York Times, March 19, 1855, page 1, "The Poole Murder"
  • New York Times, March 24, 1855, page 3, "The Kissane Trial"
  • New York Times, April 16, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, May 16, 1855; page 1, "Baker Arrested!"
  • New York Times, May 17, 1855; page 4, "The Poole Murder—What is to come of it?"
  • New York Times, November 28, 1855, page 7, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, November 29, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 1, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 3, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 4, 1855, page 7, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 5, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 6, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 7, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 8, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 10, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 11, 1855, page 2, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 12, 1855, page 3, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 13, 1855, page 7, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"
  • New York Times, December 14, 1855, page 1, "The Stanwix Hall Tragedy"

External links

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