William P. Clark, Jr.

The Honorable William P. Clark
44th United States Secretary of the Interior
In office November 18, 1983 – February 7, 1985
President	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	James G. Watt
Succeeded by	Donald P. Hodel
12th United States National Security Advisor
In office January 4, 1982 – October 17, 1983
President	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	Richard V. Allen
Succeeded by	Robert McFarlane
6th United States Deputy Secretary of State
In office February 25, 1981 – February 9, 1982
President	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	Warren Christopher
Succeeded by	Walter J. Stoessel, Jr.
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California
In office March 23, 1973 – February 25, 1981
Appointed by	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	Raymond Peters
Succeeded by	Allen Broussard
Personal details
Born	William Patrick Clark, Jr. (1931-10-23)October 23, 1931 Oxnard, California, U.S.
Died	August 10, 2013(2013-08-10) (aged 81) Shandon, California, U.S.
Resting place	Shandon Cemetery Shandon, California, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Joan Brauner Clark
Children	Monica, Peter, Nina, Colin, Dominick and Paul
Parents	Bernice Gregory and William Petit Clark
Residence	Shandon, California, U.S.
Alma mater	Stanford University Santa Clara University Loyola Marymount University
Religion	Roman Catholicism

William Patrick Clark, Jr. (October 23, 1931 – August 10, 2013), was an American rancher, judge, and public servant who served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 to 1985.

Early life and career

Clark was born in Oxnard, California on October 23, 1931, the son of William Petit and Bernice Gregory Clark. He was a devout Catholic, former seminary student, rancher, lawyer, and aide to Reagan in the California gubernatorial years. Clark served as a justice of the California Supreme Court prior to his Washington appointment, and was known to long to return to California.

According to the Los Angeles Times Clark initially "flunked out of law school" and "had to repeat the bar test",^[1] evidently as a result of failing it at first. Clark attended Stanford University and Loyola Law School. He served in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps.

On May 5, 1955, Clark was married to the former Johanna M. "Joan" Brauner of Bern, Switzerland; they had five children. Joan Clark died in April 2009.

Clark was a judge of the Superior Court of California from 1969 to 1971, in Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, and was an associate justice on the California State Supreme Court from 1973 to 1981. He reached the apex of his power when appointed National Security Advisor and temporarily became preeminent among presidential aides.

A longtime rancher friend of Reagan, according to Edmund Morris's Dutch, Clark would walk into Reagan's office unannounced, an unheard-of practice for even the most senior officials. Clark even suggested to the president in light of foreign policy troubles bedeviling the United States in the mid-1980s that Reagan consider not running for reelection in 1984. By that time however, George Shultz had surpassed Clark in influence, and Reagan apparently gave Clark's suggestion no thought.

His biographers credit him with convincing Reagan that the Soviet Union could be pushed to the edge of collapse. The strategy was opposed by Secretary of State George Shultz, among others, leading to rancor in the White House.^[2]

Morris writes in his admitted semi-fictionalized narrative biography that Clark resigned in late 1983 when he tired of the "unceasing hostility of [Michael] Deaver, [George] Shultz, and Nancy Reagan." Morris described Clark as "the only man who ever got within a furlong of intimacy" with the notoriously distant Reagan, and his ability to relate to Reagan inspired jealousy, at the same time that Clark's taciturn nature made him unlikely to build allies.

A differing PBS account quotes Mike Deaver via his book "Nancy", pg. 48: "Staff might have resented my closeness with Nancy, but to my knowledge, it was never a problem. Bill Clark and Ed Meese, then the legal-affairs counsel, were happy to have me working closely with Nancy because that freed them up to concentrate on policy and appointments. Often, too they would use me as back door to the first lady, to get her input ..." The PBS "Role of a Lifetime" url also lists some support of a conflict with George Shultz: "I knew that I would have to insist on dealing directly with the president. I could not let the White House staff interpret me to him. That was especially true when it came to Clark, because his views and instincts were different from mine ..." Noted authority Lou Cannon concluded that "[Mrs. Reagan] was very much opposed to Bill Clark. She wanted him out of (the NSA position) because she felt that it was interfering with (President) Reagan's efforts to open up better relations with the Soviet Union." Fellow Reagan family biographer James Benze furthers in the commentary, "Nancy Reagan (then) enlists other moderates in the administration to make William Clark's life miserable as National Security Advisor."

On September 21, 1983 Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt embarrassed the administration by yet again making bigoted remarks to the media, causing him to resign on November 8,^[3] and Clark requested and received an appointment to replace Watt.

He returned to California after his stint serving the administration and pursued a variety of law firm and other business interests.

After the Iran-Contra hearings in Congress, Clark wrote privately to Reagan urging him to pardon his three aides who were threatened with indictments in the conspiracy: Oliver North, John Poindexter, and Robert McFarlane.^[4] Under President George H. W. Bush, Clark also orchestrated the lobbying campaign to obtain a pardon for his friend Caspar Weinberger.^[5]

In July 2011, Clark became a member of the United States Energy Security Council, which seeks to diminish oil's monopoly over the United States transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS).

Death

Clark lived near the rural community of Shandon, California, where he built a small chapel in the hills of his ranch. Clark died, a complication from Parkinson's disease, at his home in Shandon, California on August 10, 2013, at age 81.^[6] He is interred at the Shandon Cemetery in Shandon, California.

Observations on national and international relations

As National Security Advisor for Ronald Reagan, Clark frequently consulted with and visited with the three living former presidents, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, and Gerald Ford, leaving a briefing book with them on subjects important to them. For Nixon, it was on East-West Relations including the Soviet Union; for Carter, the Middle East, and for Ford, domestic matters. Consulting with predecessors, in the White House and in the Cabinets of either party, was important to Clark's and therefore, Reagan's success. "While I did not always agree with (former National Security Adviser and Secretary of State) Henry Kissinger's views on national security, I had a close relationship with him and would take his call any time of the day or night," Clark said. "Recognizing that the Reagan administration was serving at the height of the Cold War, I would get his opinions as well as other predecessors in national security–at the Pentagon, State Department and, of course, the White House."

Clark was dismayed at the tones of early 21st Century politics in the United States. "There was a lack of contentiousness between the two political parties that I'm afraid does not exist today," Clark said. "That's one of my worries about making government work — there seems to be far less camaraderie now than we've known in the past."^[7]

Books

His biography, The Judge: William P. Clark, Ronald Reagan's Top Hand, written by Paul Kengor and Patricia Clark Doerner, was published in 2007 by Ignatius Press.^[8]

Philanthropy

Clark was severely injured when he crashed his airplane on his ranch in Shandon, San Luis Obispo County, California, in 1988. He was pulled from the wreck by Jesus Muñoz, his long-time ranch manager. In part due to his gratitude to God for his recovery, he and his family created a chapel on their ranch, and donated the Spanish ceiling of another to the Thomas Aquinas College library in Santa Paula, Ventura County. Each contains ceilings and other features from European buildings, purchased by Clark from the Hearst Corporation, via his close friend George Randolph Hearst, Jr. The chapel in Shandon, known locally as Chapel Hill, is open to the public.^[9]

The auditorium at Villanova Preparatory School in Ojai, California, was named in honor of Judge Clark, as a distinguished alumnus and in recognition of his gifts to the school.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Patrick Clark, Jr..

• Department of the Interior listing
• American President - William Patrick Clark

Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs Cutler Anderson Jackson Cutler Gray Bundy Rostow Kissinger Scowcroft Brzezinski Allen Clark McFarlane Poindexter Carlucci Powell Scowcroft Lake Berger C. Rice Hadley Jones Donilon S. Rice

United States Secretaries of the Interior Ewing McKennan Stuart McClelland Thompson C Smith Usher Harlan Browning Cox Delano Chandler Schurz Kirkwood Teller Lamar Vilas Noble M Smith Francis Bliss Hitchcock Garfield Ballinger Fisher Lane Payne Fall Work West Wilbur Ickes Krug Chapman McKay Seaton Udall Hickel Morton Hathaway Kleppe Andrus Watt Clark Hodel Lujan Babbitt Norton Kempthorne Salazar Jewell

Deputy Secretary of State of the United States of America John N. Irwin, II Kenneth Rush Robert S. Ingersoll Charles W. Robinson Warren Christopher William P. Clark Walter John Stoessel, Jr. Kenneth W. Dam John C. Whitehead Lawrence Eagleburger Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. Strobe Talbott Richard Armitage Robert Zoellick John Negroponte James Steinberg William Joseph Burns Tony Blinken

Cabinet of President Ronald Reagan (1981–89)   Cabinet Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig Jr. (1981–82) George P. Shultz (1982–89) Secretary of the Treasury Donald T. Regan (1981–85) James A. Baker (1985–88) Nicholas F. Brady (1988–89) Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger (1981–87) Frank C. Carlucci (1987–89) Attorney General William French Smith (1981–85) Edwin Meese (1985–88) Richard L. Thornburgh (1988–89) Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt (1981–83) William P. Clark (1983–85) Donald P. Hodel (1985–89) Secretary of Agriculture John R. Block (1981–86) Richard E. Lyng (1986–89) Secretary of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige (1981–87) C. William Verity (1987–89) Secretary of Labor Raymond J. Donovan (1981–85) William E. Brock III (1985–87) Ann Dore McLaughlin (1987–89) Secretary of Health and Human Services Richard S. Schweiker (1981–83) Margaret M. Heckler (1983–85) Otis R. Bowen (1985–89) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Samuel R. Pierce (1981–89) Secretary of Transportation Drew Lewis (1981–83) Elizabeth H. Dole (1983–87) James H. Burnley IV (1987–89) Secretary of Energy James B. Edwards (1981–83) Donald P. Hodel (1983–85) John S. Herrington (1985–89) Secretary of Education Terrel H. Bell (1981–85) William J. Bennett (1985–88) Lauro F. Cavazos (1988–89)   Cabinet-level Vice President George H. W. Bush (1981–89) White House Chief of Staff James A. Baker (1981–85) Donald T. Regan (1985–87) Howard H. Baker Jr. (1987–88) Kenneth M. Duberstein (1988–89) Director of the Office of Management and Budget David Stockman (1981–85) James C. Miller III (1985–88) Joseph R. Wright Jr. (1988–89) Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Anne M. Gorsuch (1981–83) William D. Ruckelshaus (1983–85) Lee M. Thomas (1985–89) Director of Central Intelligence William J. Casey (1981–87) William H. Webster (1987–89) Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick (1981–85) Vernon A. Walters (1985–89) Trade Representative William E. Brock III (1981–85) Clayton K. Yeutter (1985–89) Chairperson of the Council of Economic Advisers Murray L. Weidenbaum (1981–82) Martin S. Feldstein (1982–84) Beryl W. Sprinkel (1985–89)