William Leitch (scientist)
| William Leitch | |
|---|---|
| Born |
May 20, 1814 Rothesay, Bute, Scotland |
| Died |
May 9, 1864 (aged 49) Kingston, Canada West |
| Resting place | Palace of Monimail, Fife, Scotland |
| Citizenship | Scottish |
| Fields | Astronomy, Natural history, Mathematics |
| Education |
Bachelor of Arts, 1837 Master of Arts, 1838 Doctor of Divinity, 1860 |
| Alma mater | University of Glasgow |
| Known for | Earliest known scientific description of rocket-powered spaceflight |
William Leitch (1814–1864) was a Presbyterian minister who was born in Scotland, studied mathematics and science at the University of Glasgow, and moved to Canada in 1860 to take a post at Queen's University. Space historian Robert Godwin published in October 2015 his discovery that Leitch gave the first modern scientific explanation of the potential for space exploration using rockets (1861).[1] He was said to be "a distinguished astronomer, naturalist and mathematician",[2] and his proposal for rocket spaceflight came four decades prior to more well-known proposals by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1903), Robert Esnault-Pelterie (1913), Robert H. Goddard (1914), and Hermann Oberth (1923). Leitch's rocket spaceflight description was first provided in his 1861 essay "A Journey Through Space", which was later published in his book God's Glory in the Heavens (1862).[3] This description correctly attributed rocket thrust to the "internal reaction" (Newton's laws of motion) and correctly identified that rocket thrust is most effective in the vacuum of space.
Education
A serious accident confined Leitch to his room for many months at age 14, during which he studied mathematics and science. After the grammar school at Greenock, he attended the University of Glasgow and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors in 1837. He followed this with a Master of Arts the next year, and became observatory assistant to Professor John Pringle Nichol, and lectured on astronomy. He then studied for two years at the university's Divinity Hall, and became a licensed minister of the Church of Scotland in 1839.[2]
Ministry
He stayed with the CoS through the Disruption of 1843, when he was ordained and worked in the parish of Monimail, in the presbytery of Cupar for 16 years. During this time he worked with the church's Sabbath schools and became interested in popular education. He earned a Doctor of Divinity from the Glasgow University in 1860.[2]
University principal in Canada
In 1859, two trustees of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario came to Scotland to find a successor to the retiring principal. He accepted the post and moved to Ontario in October 1860.[2]
Notes
- ↑ Godwin, Robert. "The First Scientific Concept of Rockets for Space Travel." The Space Library, October 4, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Neatby (1976).
- ↑ Leicht (1862).
References
- Leitch, William (1862). God's Glory in the Heavens.
- Neatby, Hilda (1976). "Leitch, William". Dictionary of Canadian Biography 9. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- "Leitch, The Rev William (1814–1864)". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. K7L 3N6. 613.533.2000. Retrieved October 9, 2015.