List of outdoor ice hockey games

A hockey rink is set up in the middle of a football field, with thousands of people surrounding the playing surface
The University of Michigan and Michigan State University set a world record for attendance in 2010

Playing hockey games outdoors, in soccer, football and baseball stadiums, is an increasingly popular trend for junior, college, professional and international competitions in the 21st century. The popularity of outdoor games has resulted in attendance records in several leagues, and the current world record total of 104,173 was set at The Big Chill at the Big House, a December 2010 National Collegiate Athletic Association game between the University of Michigan and Michigan State University.[1]

While other indoor sports such as basketball have been able to use outdoor tennis courts and even aircraft carriers for outdoor games, this is rarely possible in ice hockey because a regulation rink is generally much wider and longer than the playing surface available in either of those venues. Ice hockey has however been played at Stade Roland Garros, venue of the French Open. Staging a Vysshaya liga game on the Russian carrier Admiral Kuznetsov has been considered as well. To compensate for the varying weather conditions at outdoor ice hockey games, the teams may switch sides after each half of a period.

History

In the early history of hockey, games were played outdoors on rivers, lakes, and other naturally occurring ice surfaces. In fact, the first indoor game, held in 1875, was a novelty at the time, yet after that the game moved inside. While the first Olympic hockey tournament, held in 1920, was played indoors, games at the first Winter Olympics in 1924 were the first of several such tournaments to be played outdoors.[2] Games at the World Championships were occasionally played outdoors, including the 1957 gold medal game between the Soviet Union and Sweden at the Lenin Stadium in Moscow. The attendance at that game was approximately 55,000, a number that stood as a record for more than 40 years.[3] In 1954, the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) played an exhibition game on an outdoor ice surface against the inmates of Michigan's Marquette Branch Prison.[4]

While the New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings played an NHL exhibition game in 1991 outside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas,[5] the modern trend for outdoor competition began in 2001. That year, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan played to a 3–3 tie in an outdoor game known as the Cold War before 74,554 fans. The game was held at Michigan State's Spartan Stadium, with the hockey rink set up in the middle of the football field.[6]

Two teams of many hockey players stand at either end of a rink built on top of a football field as thousands of people look on from the stands.
Held in 2001, the Cold War launched the modern outdoor game phenomenon

The NHL's first regular season outdoor game ensued: the 2003 Heritage Classic, hosted by the Edmonton Oilers, who lost by a 4–3 score to the Montreal Canadiens. Though the game was played in frigid temperatures that went as low as −19 °C (−2 °F), it drew over 57,000 fans and was hailed as a success.[7] The league followed it up in 2008 when it inaugurated the NHL Winter Classic as an annual event to be held on New Year's Day. The 2008 NHL Winter Classic, held in Buffalo, set an NHL attendance record of 71,217.[8] The 2014 NHL Winter Classic, held at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan, set a new NHL attendance record of 105,491.[9] In 2011, for the first time the NHL hosted two outdoor games, the Winter Classic in Pittsburgh, and the Heritage Classic in Calgary.

Outdoor games have been held by many leagues around the world. The Swiss league's SCL Tigers hosted SC Bern in an outdoor game to celebrate the 100th Tigers–Bern Derby in 2007.[10] In 2009, Swedish clubs Frölunda HC and Färjestads BK played a game at Ullevi. The game broke the former European league-game record for attendance at that time with a crowd of 31,144 (beaten in February 2011 when Jokerit and HIFK played in front of 36,644 spectators).[11] The game also broke the Swedish record crowd of 23,192, set in the same stadium in 1962.[12] The current world record for attendance at a hockey game was set in December 2010, in an NCAA game between the same two teams that participated in the Cold War. In this game, Michigan hosted Michigan State in an event known as The Big Chill at the Big House. The game had an announced attendance of 113,411 spectators, but Guinness World Records certified the attendance as 104,173 based on tickets scanned.[1][13][14] The record had previously been set at the opening game of the 2010 IIHF World Championship, in which the hosting Germans defeated the United States 2–1 before a then-record 77,803 fans. Although the game was held at Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, it was not technically an outdoor game, as the stadium's retractable roof was closed due to International Ice Hockey Federation regulations.[15][16][17] In 2010, Färjestad and Frölunda again played an outdoor game against each other, this time in Karlstad. 15,274 spectators saw Färjestad win the game 5–2.[18]

Popularity

Outdoor games have proven to be immensely popular with fans. For the 2003 Heritage Classic, the NHL received over 900,000 requests from all over the world for a chance to buy one of the 57,167 tickets available. CBC's Hockey Night in Canada telecast of the game drew 2.7 million viewers, a record for a regular season game for the half-century old television program.[19] In the United States, the Winter Classics have been a ratings winner; 4.56 million people watched the 2011 Winter Classic, and the game led to a ratings win for NBC in the coveted 18–49 age group despite the fact that poor weather forced the NHL to move the start time of the game back several hours on less than a day's notice.[20] It became the most watched NHL regular season game in the last 36 years.[21] The games have been credited as causing increased interest in hockey in the United States.[22] In Russia, the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) hosted its first All-Star Game in 2009 in Moscow's Red Square. The league used the location to promote the KHL amidst the global financial crisis.[23]

Games

Though games have been held outdoors since the sport's earliest days, this list contains only those held since the 2001 Cold War popularized the trend of holding outdoor games as events.

Date Event Location League Home team Score Visiting team Attendance Notes Ref
October 6, 2001 Cold War United States Spartan Stadium
East Lansing, Michigan 		CCHA Michigan State Spartans 3–3 Michigan Wolverines 74,554 [6]
November 22, 2003 2003 Heritage Classic Canada Commonwealth Stadium
Edmonton, Alberta 		NHL Edmonton Oilers 3–4 Montreal Canadiens 57,167 First regular season outdoor game in NHL history [24]
April 2, 2005 Our Game to Give Canada Ivor Wynne Stadium
Hamilton, Ontario 		Charity game Team Gilmour 9–8 Team Staios 10,300 Held during 2004–05 NHL lockout [25][26]
February 13, 2006 Frozen Tundra Classic United States Lambeau Field
Green Bay, Wisconsin 		WCHA Wisconsin Badgers 4–2 Ohio State Buckeyes 40,890 [27]
January 14, 2007 100th Tigers-Bern derby match Switzerland Stade de Suisse
Bern, Switzerland 		NLA SCL Tigers 2–5 SC Bern 30,076 National League A attendance record [10]
January 1, 2008 2008 NHL Winter Classic United States Ralph Wilson Stadium
Orchard Park, New York 		NHL Buffalo Sabres 1–2
(SO) 		Pittsburgh Penguins 71,217 [8]
January 1, 2009 2009 NHL Winter Classic United States Wrigley Field
Chicago, Illinois 		Chicago Blackhawks 4–6 Detroit Red Wings 40,818 [28]
January 10, 2009 2009 KHL All-Star Game Russia Red Square
Moscow, Russia 		KHL Team Yashin 6–7 Team Jágr 2,500 (est.) [23]
February 7, 2009 Switzerland Gstaad Skating Rink
Gstaad, Switzerland 		Exhibition Switzerland 4–3
(SO) 		Slovakia 3,000 (est.) [29]
February 14, 2009 Fairbanks Ice Dogs 1st Annual Outdoor Game United States Big Dipper Ice Arena
Fairbanks, Alaska 		NAHL Fairbanks Ice Dogs 3–1 Alaska Avalanche 2,000 (est.) First outdoor game sanctioned by USA Hockey [30]
December 27, 2009 2009 Hungarian Winter Classic Hungary Kisstadion
Budapest, Hungary 		MOL Ferencvárosi TC 2–1 Újpesti TE 4,500 [31][32]
December 28, 2009 2009 SEL Outdoor Classic Sweden Ullevi
Gothenburg, Sweden 		SEL Frölunda HC 4–1 Färjestad BK 31,144 Elitserien/SHL attendance record
Established new attendance record for a league match in Sweden 		[11]
January 1, 2010 2010 NHL Winter Classic United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts 		NHL Boston Bruins 2–1
(OT) 		Philadelphia Flyers 38,112 [33]
January 8, 2010 Frozen Fenway 2010 Hockey East Northeastern Huskies (women) 3–5 New Hampshire Wildcats (women) 6,889 [34]
Hockey East Boston College Eagles 2–3 Boston University Terriers 38,472 [34]
January 9, 2010 Austria Hypo-Arena
Klagenfurt, Austria 		EBEL EC KAC 1–3 VSV EC 30,500 Austrian Hockey League attendance record [35]
New Jersey Pond Hockey Classic United States Navesink Country Club
Navesink, New Jersey 		ACHA Rowan University 4–4 University of Maryland, Baltimore County 100 First ACHA outdoor game [36]
February 6, 2010 Camp Randall Hockey Classic United States Camp Randall Stadium
Madison, Wisconsin 		WCHA Wisconsin Badgers (women) 6–1 Bemidji State Beavers (women) 8,263 [37]
WCHA Wisconsin Badgers (men) 3–2 Michigan Wolverines (men) 55,031 [37]
February 20, 2010 Mirabito Outdoor Classic United States New York State Fairgrounds
Syracuse, New York 		AHL Syracuse Crunch 2–1 Binghamton Senators 21,508 First AHL outdoor game; American Hockey League attendance record (since broken)[38]
March 13, 2010 Fairbanks Ice Dogs 2nd Annual Outdoor Game United States Big Dipper Ice Arena
Fairbanks, Alaska 		NAHL Fairbanks Ice Dogs 3–2 Wichita Falls Wildcats 2,500 (est.) [39]
November 26, 2010 Northern Classic Canada Fort McMurray, Alberta AJHL Fort McMurray Oil Barons 4–2 Drayton Valley Thunder 5,726 Alberta Junior Hockey League attendance record [40]
December 4, 2010 The Frozen Face-off United States Michigan Stadium
Ann Arbor, Michigan 		MCHA Adrian Bulldogs 3–0 Concordia Falcons 1,470 1st outdoor D-III game on record [1]
December 11, 2010 The Big Chill at the Big House CCHA Michigan Wolverines 5–0 Michigan State Spartans 104,173 Highest attended game on record [1][13]
December 26, 2010 2010 SEL Outdoor Classic Sweden Karlstad Outdoor Arena, Sweden SEL Färjestad BK 5–2 Frölunda HC 15,274 [18]
December 31, 2010 2011 NHL Winter Classic Alumni Game United States Heinz Field
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 		NHL Alumni Pittsburgh Penguins alumni 5–5 Washington Capitals alumni 10,000 [41] [42]
January 1, 2011 2011 NHL Winter Classic NHL Pittsburgh Penguins 1–3 Washington Capitals 68,111 [43]
January 2, 2011 Open Air Hockey 2011 Czech Republic Pardubice-Svítkov Speedway
Pardubice, Czech Republic 		ELH HC Eaton Pardubice 4–2 HC Kometa Brno 17,140 Set Extraliga attendance record
(since overtaken) 		[44]
January 9, 2011 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division III Mexico Zócalo
Mexico City, Mexico 		IIHF Mexico 8–0 Bulgaria 3,000 [45]
January 15, 2011 Rockstar Outdoor Hockey Classic United States Avista Stadium
Spokane, Washington 		WHL Spokane Chiefs 11–2 Kootenay Ice 7,075 [46]
United States Bernick's Outdoor Rink
Sartell, Minnesota 		MIAC Saint Benedict Blazers (women) 1–9 Concordia Cobbers (women) 100 [47]
January 29, 2011 North Shore Winter Classic Canada Iron Bridge Outdoor Arena
Iron Bridge, Ontario 		GMHL Elliot Lake Bobcats 8–2 Algoma Avalanche 400 (est.) [48]
February 5, 2011 2011 Talviklassikko Finland Helsinki Olympic Stadium SM-liiga Jokerit 3–4 HIFK 36,644 SM-liiga attendance record
Established new attendance record for a European league match (since broken) 		[49]
February 13, 2011 Whalers Hockey Fest United States Rentschler Field
East Hartford, Connecticut 		Atlantic Hockey Connecticut Huskies (men) 3–1 Sacred Heart Pioneers (men) 1,911 [50]
Hockey East Connecticut Huskies (women) 3–4 Providence Friars (women) 153 [51]
February 15, 2011 NESCAC Trinity Bantams (women) 5–1 Wesleyan Cardinals (women) 100 [52]
NESCAC Wesleyan Cardinals (men) 1–3 Trinity Bantams (men) 820 [53]
February 19, 2011 Atlantic Hockey American International Yellow Jackets 1–4 Army Black Knights 1,142 [54]
NHL AlumniHartford Whalers alumni 4–4 Boston Bruins alumni 10,000 [55]
Whale Bowl AHL Connecticut Whale 4–5
(SO) 		Providence Bruins 21,673 American Hockey League attendance record (since broken) [55]
Face-Off in the Foothills Canada McMahon Stadium
Calgary, Alberta 		NHL Alumni 1989 Calgary Flames 3–5 Montreal Canadiens alumni 10,000+ [56]
February 20, 2011 2011 Heritage Classic NHL Calgary Flames 4–0 Montreal Canadiens 41,022 [57]
February 21, 2011 Face-Off in the Foothills WHL Calgary Hitmen 2–3 Regina Pats 20,888 Western and Canadian Hockey League attendance records; Junior hockey world record [58]
February 26, 2011 Slaget om Siljan Sweden Villa Långbers Arena
Leksand, Sweden 		HockeyAllsvenskan Leksands IF 1–4 Mora IK 17,319 [59]
March 12, 2011 Fairbanks Ice Dogs 3rd Annual Outdoor Game United States Big Dipper Ice Arena
Fairbanks, Alaska 		NAHL Fairbanks Ice Dogs 5–3 Wenatchee Wild 2,000 (est.) [60]
December 10, 2011 2011 SEL Outdoor Classic Sweden Elmia Outdoor Arena
Jönköping, Sweden 		SEL HV71 0–1
(OT) 		Linköpings HC 18,884 New attendance record for a sports event in Jönköping
First road team winner since the yearly tradition from 2009 		[61][62]
December 31, 2011 2012 NHL Winter Classic Alumni Game United States Citizens Bank Park
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 		NHL Alumni Philadelphia Flyers alumni 3–1 New York Rangers alumni 45,808 [63]
January 2, 2012 2012 NHL Winter Classic NHL Philadelphia Flyers 2–3 New York Rangers 46,967 [64]
January 6, 2012 2012 AHL Outdoor Game AHL Adirondack Phantoms 4–3
(OT) 		Hershey Bears 45,653 American Hockey League attendance record [65]
January 7, 2012 Frozen Fenway 2012 United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts 		Hockey East Vermont Catamounts 2–3
(OT) 		UMass Minutemen 38,456 [66]
Hockey East New Hampshire Wildcats 4–5
(OT) 		Maine Black Bears 38,456 [66]
January 10, 2012 Hockey East Providence Friars (women) 2–3 Dartmouth Big Green (women) 1,305 [67]
January 13, 2012 ECAC East (D-III) Babson Beavers 1–4 Norwich Cadets 7,250 [68]
ECAC Hockey Harvard Crimson 0–2 Union Dutchmen 8,981 [68]
January 14, 2012 Hockey East Boston College Eagles 2–1 Northeastern Huskies 29,601 [69]
January 15, 2012 The Frozen Diamond Faceoff United States Progressive Field
Cleveland, Ohio 		CCHA Ohio State Buckeyes 1–4 Michigan Wolverines 25,864 First outdoor hockey game between rivals Ohio State and Michigan [70][71]
January 19, 2012 OUA Outdoor Classic Canada Ivor Wynne Stadium
Hamilton, Ontario 		OUA UOIT Ridgebacks (women) 2–3 Brock Badgers (women) 102 [72]
January 20, 2012 2012 AHL Outdoor Classic "Steeltown Showdown" NHL Alumni Montreal Canadiens alumni 5–6 Toronto Maple Leafs alumni 8,000 [73]
January 21, 2012 2012 AHL Outdoor Classic "Steeltown Showdown" AHL Hamilton Bulldogs 2–7 Toronto Marlies 20,565 [26]
January 22, 2012 OUA Outdoor Classic OUA Waterloo Warriors (men) 3–1 Brock Badgers (men) 500 [72]
February 4, 2012 2012 Talviklassikko Finland Helsinki Olympic Stadium SM-liiga HIFK 3–2
(SO) 		Jokerit 34,264 [74]
February 9, 2012 2012 Oddset Hockey Games Euro Hockey Tour Finland 0–2 Russia 25,036 [75]
February 17, 2012 Russian Classic Russia Central Stadium, Krasnoyarsk, Russia VHL Sokol Krasnoyarsk 2–3 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl 16,100 [76]
September 14, 2012 2012 Arena Ice Fever Croatia Pula Arena, Pula, Croatia EBEL Medveščak Zagreb 2–3 Olimpija Ljubljana 7,130 First hockey game held in an amphitheater [77][78]
September 16, 2012 EBEL Medveščak Zagreb 4-1 Vienna Capitals [77][78]
December 8, 2012 2012 SEL Outdoor Classic/Brynäs IF 100-year celebration Sweden Gävlebocken Arena
Gävle, Sweden 		SEL Brynäs IF 3–0 Timrå IK 15,009 [79][80]
January 4, 2013 Bežigrad IceFest 2013 Slovenia Bežigrad Stadium, Ljubljana, Slovenia EBEL Olimpija Ljubljana 5–4
(OT) 		EC VSV 7,000 [81]
January 5, 2013 2013 DEL Winter Game Germany Frankenstadion
Nürnberg, Germany 		DEL Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers 4–3 Eisbären Berlin 50,000 New attendance record for a European league match [82]
January 6, 2013 City Game United States Penguins Pond at Highmark Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ACHA Pitt Panthers 5–3 Duquesne Dukes N/A Game traditionally held at CONSOL Energy Center [83]
Bežigrad IceFest 2013 Slovenia Bežigrad Stadium, Ljubljana, Slovenia EBEL Olimpija Ljubljana 8-4 Medveščak Zagreb 7,000 [81]
January 8, 2013 EBEL Olimpija Ljubljana 2-4 EC KAC 7,000 [81]
January 20, 2013 2013 AHL Outdoor Classic United States Hersheypark Stadium
Hershey, Pennsylvania 		AHL Hershey Bears 1–2
(OT) 		Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins 17,311 [84]
February 9, 2013 Mutual of Omaha Battles on Ice United States TD Ameritrade Park Omaha
Omaha, Nebraska 		USHL Omaha Lancers 4–2 Lincoln Stars 13,523 First outdoor USHL game, Part of a Doubleheader [85]
WCHA Omaha Mavericks 2–5 North Dakota 13,650 Part of a Doubleheader. [86]
February 17, 2013 OfficeMax Hockey City Classic United States Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois 		CCHA Notre Dame Fighting Irish 2–1 Miami RedHawks 52,051 Part of a Doubleheader. [87]
WCHA Wisconsin Badgers 3–2 Minnesota Golden Gophers 52,051 Part of a Doubleheader. [87]
December 13, 2013 Frozen Frontier United States Frontier Field
Rochester, New York 		AHL Rochester Americans 5–4
(SO) 		Lake Erie Monsters 11,015 [88]
December 14, 2013 Non-conference
NCAA Div I 		RIT Tigers (women) 2–6 Clarkson Golden Knights (women) 1,578 First outdoor women's hockey game in the state of New York [88]
Atlantic Hockey RIT Tigers (men) 2–2
(OT) 		Niagara Purple Eagles (men) 4,760 [88]
2013 SHL Outdoor Classic Sweden Gamla Ullevi
Gothenburg, Sweden 		SHL Frölunda HC 1–4 Skellefteå AIK 13,452 Second SHL outdoor game in Gothenburg [89][90]
Open Ice Winter Classic Tampere Finland Tampere Stadium
Tampere, Finland 		Liiga Tappara 1–0 Ilves 15,062
December 15, 2013 Frozen Frontier United States Frontier Field
Rochester, New York 		Non-conference
NCAA Div III 		Nazareth Golden Flyers (men) 2–3 Geneseo Knights (men) 1,000 [91]
OJHL Buffalo Junior Sabres 4–5 St. Michael's Buzzers 1,173 [92]
NHL/AHL Alumni Rochester Americans alumni 5–3 Buffalo Sabres Alumni N/A Game played in two halves [88]
December 16, 2013 2013 Hockeytown Winter Festival United States Comerica Park
Detroit, Michigan 		OUA Windsor Lancers 2–5 Western Mustangs 1,000 [93]
December 22, 2013 Winter Game 2013 France Stade des Alpes
Grenoble, France 		Ligue Magnus Grenoble Brûleurs de Loups 4–5 Briançon Diables Rouges 19,767 Attendance record for a game between two French teams
December 27, 2013 2013 Hockeytown Winter Festival United States Comerica Park
Detroit, Michigan 		NCAA Michigan Tech Huskies 3–2 (SO) Michigan State Spartans 25,449
Michigan Wolverines 2–3 (OT) Western Michigan Broncos 25,449
December 28, 2013 Frozen Fenway 2014 United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts 		Atlantic Hockey Bentley Falcons 3–2 Holy Cross Crusaders 3,898 [94]
2013 Hockeytown Winter Festival United States Comerica Park
Detroit, Michigan 		NCAA Michigan Wolverines 0–3 Michigan State Spartans 26,052
Western Michigan Broncos 1–0 (OT) Michigan Tech Huskies
December 29, 2013 OHL Saginaw Spirit 5–6 Windsor Spitfires 25,749 Set OHL and CHL attendance record [95]
Plymouth Whalers 2–1 (SO) London Knights 26,384 Reset OHL and CHL attendance record [95]
December 30, 2013 AHL Grand Rapids Griffins 3–4 (SO) Toronto Marlies 20,337
December 31, 2013 NHL Alumni Detroit Red Wings Alumni 5–4 Toronto Maple Leafs Alumni 33,425 [96]
6–5 (SO) [96]
January 1, 2014 2014 NHL Winter Classic United States Michigan Stadium
Ann Arbor, Michigan 		NHL Detroit Red Wings 2–3 (SO) Toronto Maple Leafs 105,491 (announced)
< 104,173 (certified) 		National Hockey League attendance record [97][98]
January 4, 2014 Frozen Fenway 2014 United States Fenway Park
Boston, Massachusetts 		Hockey East Merrimack Warriors 1–1 Providence Friars 31,569 [99]
Hockey East Boston College Eagles 4–3 Notre Dame Fighting Irish 31,569 [99]
January 7, 2014 Non-conference
NCAA Div III 		Salem State Vikings 2–4 UMass Boston Beacons 1,133 [100]
NESCAC Williams Ephs 4–2 Trinity Bantams 4,132 [101]
January 9, 2014 ECAC East Babson Beavers 0–1 Norwich Cadets 1,200 [102]
January 11, 2014 Hockey East Northeastern Huskies 4–1 UMass Lowell River Hawks 25,580 [103]
Hockey East Boston University Terriers 3–7 Maine Black Bears 25,580 [104]
2014 NLA Winter Classic Switzerland Stade de Genève
Geneva, Switzerland 		NLA Genève-Servette HC 0–1 (OT) Lausanne Hockey Club 29,400 [105]
January 17, 2014 2014 Hockey City Classic United States TCF Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota 		WCHA Minnesota Golden Gophers (women) 4–0 Minnesota State Mavericks (women) 6,623 [106]
Big Ten Minnesota Golden Gophers 1–0 Ohio State Buckeyes 45,021 [107]
January 19, 2014 Russian Classic Russia Central Stadium
Chelyabinsk, Russia 		VHL Chelmet Chelyabinsk 2–5 Lada Togliatti 9,200 [108]
January 25, 2014 2014 NHL Stadium Series United States Dodger Stadium
Los Angeles, California 		NHL Los Angeles Kings 0–3 Anaheim Ducks 54,099 [109]
January 26, 2014 United States Yankee Stadium
New York, New York 		New Jersey Devils 3–7 New York Rangers 50,105 [110]
January 29, 2014 New York Islanders 1–2 New York Rangers 50,027 [110]
March 1, 2014 United States Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois 		Chicago Blackhawks 5–1 Pittsburgh Penguins 62,921 [111]
2014 Talviklassikko Finland Helsinki Olympic Stadium Liiga Jokerit 1–2 HIFK 23,485 [112]
March 2, 2014 2014 Heritage Classic Canada BC Place
Vancouver, British Columbia 		NHL Vancouver Canucks 2–4 Ottawa Senators 54,194 [111]
December 18, 2014 2015 Slovenian Winter Classic Slovenia Republic Square Open Ice Rink
Ljubljana 		Slovenian Ice Hockey League HDD Olimpija Ljubljana 2–1 HDD Jesenice 3,500 [113]
December 27, 2014 Toledo Walleye Winterfest United States Fifth Third Field
Toledo, Ohio 		ECHL Toledo Walleye 1–2 Kalamazoo Wings 11,222 First Outdoor game in ECHL history [114]
January 1, 2015 2015 NHL Winter Classic United States Nationals Park
Washington, D.C. 		NHL Washington Capitals 3–2 Chicago Blackhawks 42,832
January 3, 2015 Toledo Walleye Winterfest United States Fifth Third Field
Toledo, Ohio 		NCAA Bowling Green Falcons 2–2 Robert Morris Colonials 3,806 [115]
ECHL Toledo Walleye 2–3 (SO) Fort Wayne Komets 11,081 [114]
2015 EBEL Winter Classic Austria Wörthersee Stadion
Klagenfurt, Austria 		EBEL EC KAC 1–4 EC VSV 29,700
January 10, 2015 2015 DEL Winter Game Germany ESPRIT arena
Düsseldorf, Germany 		DEL DEG 3–2 Kölner Haie 51,125 European league-game attendance record [116]
January 23, 2015 2015 QMJHL Winter Classic Canada Grandes Estrades Coors Banquet
Saint-Tite, Quebec 		QMJHL Shawinigan Cataractes 4–2 Victoriaville Tigres 5,996 [117]
January 24, 2015 Shawinigan Cataractes 2–3 Quebec Remparts 7,323 [117]
February 7, 2015 2015 Hockey City Classic United States Soldier Field
Chicago, Illinois 		NCHC Western Michigan Broncos 3–4 Miami RedHawks 22,751
Big Ten Michigan State Spartans 1–4 Michigan Wolverines 22,751
February 14, 2015 Russian Classic Russia Sputnik Stadium
Nizhny Tagil, Russia 		VHL Sputnik Nizhny Tagil 0–4 Yuzhny Ural Orsk 9,000 [108]
February 21, 2015 2015 NHL Stadium Series United States Levi's Stadium
Santa Clara, California 		NHL San Jose Sharks 1–2 Los Angeles Kings 70,205 [118]
December 18, 2015 Golden State Hockey Rush United States Raley Field
West Sacramento, California 		AHL Stockton Heat 3–2 Bakersfield Condors 9,357 [119]
December 31, 2015 2016 Outdoor Women's Classic United States Gillette Stadium
Foxborough, Massachusetts 		NWHL/CWHL Boston Pride 1–1 Les Canadiennes first professional women's outdoor game [120]
January 1, 2016 2016 NHL Winter Classic United States Gillette Stadium
Foxborough, Massachusetts 		NHL Boston Bruins 1-6 Montreal Canadiens 67,246
January 9, 2016 2016 DEL2 Winterderby Germany Stadion Dresden
Dresden, Germany 		DEL2 Dresdner Eislöwen 4-3 (OT) Lausitzer Füchse 31,853 German second league (DEL2) attendence record
February 20, 2016 Battle on Blake United States Coors Field
Denver, Colorado 		NCHC Denver Pioneers Colorado College Tigers
February 21, 2016 2016 NHL Stadium Series United States TCF Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota 		NHL Minnesota Wild Chicago Blackhawks
February 27, 2016 United States Coors Field
Denver, Colorado 		Colorado Avalanche Detroit Red Wings
December 31, 2017 2018 WJHC United States Ralph Wilson Stadium
Buffalo, New York 		WJHC U.S. national junior team Canadian national junior team Game is tentative. [121]

See also

Notes

1. ^ The SEL Outdoor Classic was renamed the SHL Outdoor Classic due to the league name change in June 2013.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Adrian,Concordia to play at Michigan Stadium". USCHO. 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
  2. ↑ Podnieks, Andrew. Canada's Olympic Hockey History 1920–2010. Toronto: Fenn Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 1-55168-323-7.
  3. ↑ "Hockey gimmicks". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  4. ↑ Red Wings Played Prison Hockey Team In 1954. Greatest Hockey Legends.com (2010-03-24). Retrieved on 2011-01-07.
  5. ↑ Huskey, Melody (2008-12-31). "Kings no stranger to outdoor game". Los Angeles Kings Hockey Club. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  6. 1 2 Finsterwalder, Brandon (2001-10-08). "Outdoor hockey game". Badger Herald. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  7. ↑ Dolezar, John (2003-11-23), Instant Classic, CNN Sports Illustrated, retrieved 2011-01-02
  8. 1 2 "Crosby scores shootout winner as Penguins nip Sabres in Winter Classic". ESPN. 2008-01-01. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  9. ↑ http://espn.go.com/nhl/recap?gameId=400484853
  10. 1 2 Von Zaugg, Klaus; Pflugshaupt, Peter (2007-01-15). "Lob von Sämi für das Hockey-Spektakel" (in German). Blick.ch. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  11. 1 2 Andersson, Pär (2009-12-28). "Publikkaos när Europarekordet slogs" (in Swedish). Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  12. ↑ Klein, Jeff Z. (2009-12-28). "12/28/09: Big Crowd for Outdoor Game . . . but in Sweden". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
  13. 1 2 "Highest attendance for an ice hockey match". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  14. ↑ Janela, Mike (14 December 2010). "Highest ice hockey game attendance". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
  15. ↑ Adams, Alan (2010-05-07). "Historic win for Germany". International Ice Hockey Federation. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  16. ↑ "Germany 2010 hosts aim for world-record 75,976 in Gelsenkrichen's Veltins-Arena". National Hockey League. 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
  17. ↑ "113,411 see outdoor game". International Ice Hockey Federation. 2010-12-12. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
  18. 1 2 Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå (2010-12-26). "Färjestad tog revansch utomhus" (in Swedish). Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
  19. ↑ Pincus, Arthur (2006). The Official Illustrated NHL History. Readers Digest. p. 200. ISBN 0-88850-800-X.
  20. ↑ Wyshnyski, Greg (2011-01-02). "NHL Winter Classic gives NBC key ratings win in prime time". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  21. ↑ Winter Classic On NBC Is Top NHL Regular-Season Audience In 36 Years. Sportsbusinessdaily.com. Retrieved on 2011-01-07.
  22. ↑ McGran, Kevin (2010-12-31). "How the Winter Classic saved the NHL". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  23. 1 2 "KHL holds outdoor All-Star Game in Red Square". The Sports Network. 2009-01-10. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  24. ↑ Edmonton Oilers Community Foundation. "Oilers Stage Heritage Classic". Edmonton Oilers Community Foundation. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
  25. ↑ "Rain doesn't halt outdoor charity game". CBC News. 2005-04-02.
  26. 1 2 "It's a classic: Bulldogs vs. Marlies at Ivor Wynne". Hamilton Spectator. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
  27. ↑ Albright, David (2006-02-14). "On top of the ol' Tundra, a great day for hockey". ESPN. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  28. ↑ "Even outside, Red Wings prove superior to Blackhawks". ESPN. 2009-01-01. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  29. ↑ "Open-air Ice Hockey spectacle" (PDF). GstaadLife. 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  30. ↑ McDonough, Brian (2009-02-16). "Outdoor game earns high marks". North America Hockey League. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  31. ↑ http://jegkorong.blog.hu/2009/12/27/ferencvarosi_gyozelem_a_winter_classicon
  32. ↑ http://www.regi.icehockey.hu/magyar/jkmol.php?mit=3876
  33. ↑ Rourke, Shawn P. (2010-01-01). "Bruins walk off Fenway field a Classic winner". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  34. 1 2 Cazeneuve, Brian (2010-01-09). "Frigid Fenway: College players get thrills, chills in baseball cathedral". CNN/Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  35. ↑ "Villach triumphiert im Freiluft-Derby" (in German). Die Presse. 2010-01-09. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  36. ↑ (PDF) http://www.rowanicehockey.com/news/pond.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. 1 2 Baggot, Andy (2010-02-09). "Can Camp Randall Hockey Classic do it again?". madison.com. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  38. ↑ "AHL Record Crowd of 21,508 Sees Crunch Beat Binghamton". Syracuse Crunch Hockey Club. 2010-02-21. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
  39. ↑ "Outdoor game another success in Fairbanks". North America Hockey League. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  40. ↑ Spencer, Donna (2010-11-26). "Alberta junior hockey players faceoff outdoors". Globe and Mail (Toronto). Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  41. ↑ Organizers limited the number of tickets available to far fewer than could be accommodated or were desired, a move that caused controversy.
  42. ↑ Roarke, Shawn P. (2010-12-31). "Alumni Game Ends In Tie; Lemieux Gets 2 Points". Retrieved 2010-12-31.
  43. ↑ "Capitals down Penguins in wet conditions at Winter Classic". The Sports Network. 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  44. ↑ "Pardubice wins Open Air game at home". Czech Hockey Report. 2011-01-02. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
  45. ↑ Merk, Martin (2011-01-04). "Hockey fiesta in Mexico". International Ice Hockey Federation. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
  46. ↑ Trimmer, Dave (2011-01-15). "Chiefs, outdoor game smashing success". The Spokseman-Review. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  47. ↑ Killeen, Mike (January 17, 2011). "Blazers take to the ice (outside)".
  48. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140101075857/http://www2.canada.com/story.html?id=4315246
  49. ↑ "Tulosseuranta: Jokerit 3–4 HIFK" (in Finnish). SM-liiga. 2011-02-05. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  50. ↑ "Box Score UConn 3 Sacred Heart 1 from UConn Athletic Website".
  51. ↑ "Providence 4, UConn 3". uconnhuskies.com. UConn Athletic Website. February 13, 2011.
  52. ↑ "Trinity vs. Wesleyan".
  53. ↑ "Wesleyan vs. Trinity".
  54. ↑ "Box Score Army 4, AIC 1 from Army Athletic Website".
  55. 1 2 "College game schedule for Whalers Hockey Fest announced". Connecticut Whale Hockey Club. 2010-11-03. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  56. ↑ Jones, Terry (2011-02-20). "Quelle difference!". Calgary Sun. p. HC14.
  57. ↑ The Canadian Press (2011-02-20). "Bourque Scores Twice as Flames Down Habs at Heritage Classic". TSN.ca. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
  58. ↑ Odland, Kristen (2011-02-21). "Calgary Hitmen lose to Regina before record crowd". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
  59. ↑ "Slaget om Siljan". Retrieved 2012-01-14.
  60. ↑ "Fairbanks embraces outdoor game to its fullest". North America Hockey League. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  61. ↑ Gustafsson, Peter (2011-12-10). "En grym upplevelse". Jönköpingsnytt (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-12-11.
  62. ↑ Hallgren, Rasmus (2011-12-10). "Matchrapport: HV71-Linköping 0-1 efter förlängning" (in Swedish). Linköpings HC. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
  63. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=609106
  64. ↑ Associated Press (2012-01-02). "Rangers turn away Flyers as Mike Rupp, Henrik Lundqvist fuel Winter Classic rally". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
  65. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=589945
  66. 1 2 "Matchups set for Frozen Fenway". Boston.com. 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  67. ↑ http://www.uscho.com/2011/12/02/providence-to-host-dartmouth-in-outdoor-womens-game-at-fenway/
  68. 1 2 http://www.uscho.com/2011/12/02/harvard-and-union-added-to-frozen-fenway-lineup-along-with-d-iii-game/
  69. ↑ http://www.uscho.com/2011/11/04/boston-college-to-play-northeastern-at-fenway-park-in-january/
  70. ↑ "Ohio State to play Michigan in hockey at Progressive Field on Jan. 15". The Canadian Press. 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
  71. ↑ "Frozen Diamond Faceoff: Ohio State Buckeyes and Michigan Wolverines hockey facts and histories". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. 2012-01-15. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  72. 1 2 "OUA and Hamilton Bulldogs partner for OUA men's and women's hockey Outdoor Classic". Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  73. ↑ "Maple Leaf old-timers hang on for 6-5 win over Habs". Toronto Star. 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
  74. ↑ http://www.talviklassikko.fi/
  75. ↑ http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Winter+Classic+ice+hockey+project+back+on+track+after+all+/1135269683604
  76. ↑ http://www.vhlru.ru/lenta/11681/
  77. 1 2 http://www.medvescak.com/eng/news_2012_2013/news031.html
  78. 1 2 http://ca.sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/behold-roman-amphitheatre-begins-transforming-hockey-rink-141229032--nhl.html
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  80. ↑ Karlström, Andreas (2011-12-08). "Nu vet Brynäs hur man ordnar en utomhusmatch". Gefle Dagblad (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-12-11.
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  82. ↑ "Deutsche Eishockey-Liga: Nürnberg siegt im "Winter Game"" (in German). Spiegel Online. 5 January 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  83. ↑ http://www.theduquesneduke.com/sports/he-dukes-he-scores-1.2946313/city-game-on-ice-moves-outside-1.2970556
  84. ↑ http://theahl.com/stats/official-game-report.php?game_id=1010461
  85. ↑ http://www.lancers.com/leagues/newsletter.cfm?page=68016&clientID=1996&leagueID=4581
  86. ↑ http://www.omavs.com/news/2013/2/9/MHOCKEY_0209135330.aspx
  87. 1 2 http://www.chicagonow.com/chicago-sports-guru/2012/07/college-hockey-doubleheader-coming-to-soldier-field-hockey-city-classic/
  88. 1 2 3 4 "Official name and logo announced for the 2013 Frozen Frontier". ritathletics.com. Rochester Institute of Technology. 2013-08-13.
  89. ↑ Gullbrand, Johannes (2013-12-14). "Skellefteå segrare i julmatchen". shl.se (in Swedish). Swedish Hockey League. Retrieved 2013-12-14.
  90. ↑ Karlberg, Peter (2013-05-30). "Frölunda HC möter Skellefteå AIK utomhus på Gamla Ullevi". shl.se (in Swedish). Swedish Hockey League. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  91. ↑ http://www.uscho.com/box/mens-hockey/2013/12/15/nazareth-vs-geneseo/
  92. ↑ http://stmikes.stats.pointstreak.com/boxscore.html?gameid=2228565
  93. ↑ http://www.ourwindsor.ca/sports-story/4275147-lancers-fall-to-mustangs-5-2-in-outdoor-game/
  94. ↑ "Bentley, Holy Cross to Play at Fenway Park". September 26, 2013.
  95. 1 2 http://blogs.windsorstar.com/2013/12/29/spits-top-spirit-6-5-at-comerica-park/
  96. 1 2 http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=440111
  97. ↑ Allen, Kevin (2014-01-01). "Maple Leafs win Winter Classic in shootout". USA Today. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
  98. ↑ Cotsonika, Nick (2014-01-24). "NHL won’t get credit for Guinness world record at Winter Classic". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  99. 1 2 "Frozen Fenway 2014 official schedule released". September 26, 2013.
  100. ↑ "Beacons Freeze Salem State in Memorable Citi Frozen Fenway Matchup". January 10, 2014.
  101. ↑ "Trinity Loses To Williams 4-2 At Frozen Fenway". January 7, 2014.
  102. ↑ "No. 5 Norwich Edges No. 6 Men's Ice Hockey, 1-0, At Fenway Park". January 9, 2014.
  103. ↑ "River Hawks Frustrated at Frozen Fenway". January 11, 2014.
  104. ↑ "Lomberg, Shore and Hutton Tally Two Goals Each As Maine Skates Past BU 7-3 at Fenway Park". January 11, 2014.
  105. ↑ Lausanne Hockey Club. Lausanne Hockey Club "Winter Classic 2014", January 12, 2014.
  106. ↑ "Mavericks Bested by No. 1 Minnesota Friday at the Hockey City Classic". January 17, 2014.
  107. ↑ "Buckeyes Drop 1-0 Game to No. 1 Minnesota in Hockey City Classic". January 18, 2014.
  108. 1 2 http://www.vhlru.ru/russianclassic/
  109. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=669439
  110. 1 2 http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=670867
  111. 1 2 http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=668718
  112. ↑ Helsingin Sanomat 2014-03-01
  113. ↑ http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=9260&cHash=443b6488fde38331eb713f8c935fe88a
  114. 1 2 http://www.toledowalleye.com/winterfest-2014/winterfest-faqs
  115. ↑ "BGSU And Robert Morris To Play Outdoor Hockey Game". February 3, 2014.
  116. ↑ "DEL Winter Game bricht Europarekord: 51.125 Zuschauer in Düsseldorf" (in German). January 10, 2015.
  117. 1 2 http://www.theqmjhl.ca/article/winter-classic-cataractes-wins-historical-outdoors-game
  118. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=727960
  119. ↑ "Grant, Kylington and Shore Lead Heat to 3-2 Win at Raley Field". Stockton Heat. December 19, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
  120. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=794629
  121. ↑ http://www.tsn.ca/sources-outdoor-game-planned-for-2018-world-juniors-in-buffalo-1.403558
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