Westminster St Margaret and St John

St Margaret and St John
St Margaret (until 1727)
Westminster District (1855–1887)
Civil parish

Area
 • 1881 815 acres (3.30 km2)
 • 1901 766 acres (3.10 km2)
 • 1921 767 acres (3.10 km2)
 • Coordinates 51°29′58″N 0°08′00″W / 51.4995°N 0.1333°W / 51.4995; -0.1333Coordinates: 51°29′58″N 0°08′00″W / 51.4995°N 0.1333°W / 51.4995; -0.1333
Population
 • 1881 59,926
 • 1901 51,068
 • 1921 39,916
Density
 • 1881 73.53/acre
 • 1901 66.67/acre
 • 1921 52.04/acre
History
 • Origin Ancient parish
 • Created 10th century
 • Abolished 1922
 • Succeeded by City of Westminster (parish)
Status District (1855–1887)
Government

St Margaret Vestry (16th century–1727)
St Margaret and St John Vestry (1727–1855)
Westminster District Board of Works (1855–1887)
St Margaret and St John Combined Vestry (1887–1900)

 • Type Vestry
 • HQ Town Hall, Caxton Street

Seal of the united vestry in 1888
Contained within
 • City and liberty Westminster (until 1900)
 • Metropolitan borough Westminster (1900–1922)
 • Poor Law Union St George's (1870–1913)
City of Westminster (1913–1922)
Subdivisions
 • Type Parishes (after 1727)
 • Units St John
St Margaret

St Margaret was an ancient parish in the City and Liberty of Westminster and the county of Middlesex. It included the core of modern Westminster, including the Palace of Westminster and the area around, but not including Westminster Abbey. In 1727 it was divided into St Margaret's and St John's, to coincide with the building of the Church of St John the Evangelist, constructed by the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches in Smith Square to meet the demands of the growing population, but there continued to be a single vestry for the parishes of St Margaret and St John. This was reformed in 1855 by the Metropolis Management Act, and the two parishes formed the Westminster District until 1887. In 1889 St Margaret and St John became part of the County of London. The vestry was abolished in 1900, to be replaced by Westminster City Council, but St Margaret and St John continued to have a nominal existence until 1922.

Governance

A map showing the wards of Westminster Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.

St Margaret was an ancient parish, governed by a vestry and within the City and Liberty of Westminster. Before 1542 the parish included territory between the church of St Clement Danes and the Palace of Westminster, that became part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields.[1]

The Commission for Building Fifty New Churches was set up to build new churches for populous parishes in the London area and Church of St John the Evangelist was completed in 1728. To coincide with this, a new parish of St John the Evangelist for civil and ecclesiastical purposes was split off from St Margaret in 1727.

Despite the split, the two parishes continued to be governed by a single vestry and were commonly known as Westminster St Margaret and St John.[2]

The two parishes were grouped into the Westminster District in 1855 when they came within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works. St Margaret elected 30 members the district board and St John elected 27 members.

Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; as such the parishes of both St Margaret Westminster and St John the Evangelist within the Westminster District Boards of Works were divided into three wards each (electing vestrymen): St Margaret No. 1 (12), St Margaret No. 2 (9), St Margaret No. 3 (15), St John the Evangelist No. 1 (9), St John the Evangelist No. 2 (15) and St John the Evangelist No. 3 (12).[3][4]

The local authority was renamed as the St Margaret and St John Combined Vestry in 1887.[2]

In 1889 the parishes became part of the County of London. The united parishes unsuccessfully petitioned for incorporation as a municipal borough on 19 January 1897.[5] In 1900 they became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. St Margaret and St John was abolished as a civil parish in 1922.

Libraries

The parish vestry was the first in London to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1855. It held a public meeting in 1856, achieved the required two thirds in favour of providing a library and appointed a librarian the same year. The Westminster Public Library on Great Smith Street opened in 1857. In 1858 a further library was opened in Trevor Square, Knightsbridge.[6]

Geography

The main section of the combined territory fronted the River Thames, with the parish of St Margaret to the north and St John to the south. St Margaret also consisted of a detached portion to the west of the main territory around Kensington Palace and Knightsbridge.[7] The Close of the Collegiate Church of St Peter formed an extra-parochial enclave between the two parishes, containing Westminster Abbey.

Poor law

Westminster St Margaret and St John was a local act parish and so remained a single unit for administration of the New Poor Law. Following the Metropolitan Poor Act 1867, it joined with St George Hanover Square for this purpose in 1870 as the St George's Union.[8]

Population

The population history is typical for a central district of London, growing until the 19th century and then declining as transport improvements caused movement to the suburbs. The population peak was in 1871.

Year 180118111821183118411851187118811891190119111921
Population[9] 17,508 19,202 22,568 25,529 30,489 31,314 66,050 59,926 55,539 51,068 47,692 39,916

References

  1. ↑ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41023
  2. 1 2 Youngs, Frederic (1979). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. I: Southern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
  3. ↑ The London Gazette Issue: 21802. 20 October 1855. pp. 3900–3902. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  4. ↑ "H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1885 Westminster Map". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  5. ↑ http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26815/pages/337
  6. ↑ Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 33 - The Wellesley College Library to Zoological Literature: A Review
  7. ↑ Port, M. H. (Edr.) (1986). "Illustrative map of London parishes". The Commissions for building fifty new churches: The minute books, 1711-27, a calendar. London Record Society.
  8. ↑ Peter Higginbotham. "St Margaret and St John the Evangelist, Westminster, London". Workhouses.org.uk.
  9. ↑ http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10164412/cube/TOT_POP
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