Walther PP

The Walther PP (Polizeipistole, or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Walther.^[2]

It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism,^[3] a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E.

Various PP series are manufactured in either Germany, France or the United States.^[4] Since 2002, the PPK variant is solely manufactured by Smith & Wesson in Houlton, Maine, United States, under license from Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. In the past, this particular model has been manufactured by Carl Walther in its own factory in Germany, as well as under licenses by Manurhin in Alsace, France, and by Interarms in Alexandria, Virginia, US.

The PP and the PPK were among the world's first successful double action semi-automatic pistols and were widely copied, but are still made by Walther. The design inspired other pistols, among them the Soviet Makarov, the Hungarian FEG PA-63, and the Argentinian Bersa Thunder 380. The PP and PPK were both popular with European police and civilians, for being reliable and concealable. During World War II, they were issued to the German military and police, and the Luftwaffe.^[1]

PP series

The original PP (Polizeipistole) was released in 1929.^[1] It was designed for police use and was used by police forces in Europe in the 1930s and later.^[1] The semi-automatic pistol operated using a simple blowback action.^[1] The PP was designed with several safety features, some of them innovative, including a firing pin block and a loaded chamber indicator.^[1]

PPK

A Walther PPK manufactured in 1968

The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip and barrel and reduced magazine capacity. The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plainclothes or undercover work. It was released in 1931.

"PPK" is an abbreviation for Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell (Police Pistol Detective Model), "kriminal" referring to the police detective (criminal) division.^[3] Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK (a 7.65mm/.32 ACP) in the Führerbunker in Berlin.^[5] The Walther PPK pistol is famous as fictional secret agent James Bond's gun in many of the films and novels: Ian Fleming's choice of the Walther PPK directly influenced its popularity and its notoriety.^[6][7] Fleming had given Bond a .25 Beretta 418 pistol in early novels, but switched to the PPK in Dr. No on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd.^[7][8][9]

Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-barreled PPK, inscribed "TCB" ("Taking Care of Business").^[10]

PPK/S

The PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA68) in the United States, the pistol's largest market.^[11] One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting certain requirements of length, weight, and other "sporting" features into the United States. The PPK failed the "Import Points" test of the GCA68 by a single point. Walther addressed this situation by combining the PP's frame with the PPK's barrel and slide to create a pistol that weighed slightly more than the PPK.^[3] The additional ounce or two of weight of the PPK/S compared to the PPK was sufficient to provide the extra needed import points.

Because United States law allowed domestic production (as opposed to importation) of the PPK, manufacture began under license in the U.S. in 1945; this version was distributed by Interarms. The version currently manufactured by Smith & Wesson has been modified by incorporating a longer grip tang (S&W calls it "extended beaver tail"),^[12] better protecting the shooter from slide bite, i.e., the rearward-traveling slide's pinching the web between the index finger and thumb of the firing hand, which could be a problem with the original design for people with larger hands or an improper grip, especially when using "hotter" cartridge loads. The PPK/S is made of stainless steel.^[3]

The PPK/S differs from the PPK as follows:

• Overall height: 104 mm (4.1 in)
• Weight: the PPK/S weighs 51 g (1.8 oz) more than the PPK
• The PPK/S magazine holds one additional round, in both calibers.^[12]

The PPK/S and the PPK are offered in the following calibers: .32 ACP (with capacities of 8+1 for PPK/S and 7+1 for PPK); or .380 ACP (PPK/S: 7+1, PPK: 6+1). The PPK/S is also offered in .22 LR with capacity of 10+1.

PPK-L

A Walther PPK-L manufactured in 1966

In the 1950s, Walther produced the PPK-L, which was a light-weight variant of the PPK. The PPK-L differed from the standard, all steel PPK in that it had an aluminium alloy frame. These were only chambered in 7.65mm Browning (.32 ACP) and .22 LR because of the increase in felt recoil from the lighter weight of the gun. All other features of the postwar production PPK (brown plastic grips with Walther banner, high polished blue finish, lanyard loop, loaded chamber indicator, 7+1 magazine capacity and overall length) were the same on the PPK-L.

PP Super

First marketed in 1972, this was an all-steel variant of the PP chambered for the 9×18mm Ultra cartridge. Designed as a police service pistol, it was a blowback operated, double-action pistol with an external slide-stop lever and a firing-pin safety. A manual decocker lever was on the left side of the slide; when pushed down, it locked the firing pin and released the hammer. When the 9×19mm Parabellum was chosen as the standard service round by most of the German police forces, the experimental 9mm Ultra round fell into disuse. Only about 2,000 PP Super pistols were sold to German police forces in the 1970s, and lack of sales caused Walther to withdraw the PP Super from their catalogue in 1979.^[13]

PPK/E

A Walther PPK/E

At the 2000 Internationale Waffen-Ausstellung (IWA - International Weapons Exhibition) in Nuremberg, Walther announced a new PPK variant designated as the PPK/E.^[14][15] The PPK/E resembles the PPK/S and has a blue steel finish; it is manufactured under license by FEG in Hungary. Despite the resemblance between the two, certain PP-PPK-PPK/S parts, such as magazines, are not interchangeable with the PPK/E. Official factory photographs do not refer to the pistol's Hungarian origins. Instead, the traditional Walther legend ("Carl Walther Waffenfabrik Ulm/Do.") is stamped on the left side of the slide. The factory announcement mentions that the PPK/E is made with "new manufacturing technologies", presumably in an effort to reduce costs. The PPK/E is offered in .22 LR, .32 ACP, and .380 ACP calibers.

Manufacturing

Walther's original factory was located in Zella-Mehlis in the state (Land) of Thuringia. As that part of Germany was occupied by the Soviet Union following World War II, Walther was forced to flee to West Germany, where they established a new factory in Ulm. For several years following the war, the Allied powers forbade any manufacture of weapons in Germany. As a result, in 1952, Walther licensed production of the PP series pistols to a French company, Manufacture de Machines du Haut-Rhin, also known as Manurhin. The French company continued to manufacture the PP series until 1986.

In 1978, Ranger Manufacturing of Gadsden, Alabama was licensed to manufacture the PPK and PPK/S; this version was distributed by Interarms of Alexandria, Virginia. This license was eventually canceled. Starting in 2002, Smith & Wesson (S&W) began manufacturing the PPK and PPK/S under license. In February 2009, S&W issued a recall for PPKs it manufactured for a defect in the hammer block safety.^[16]

Walther currently builds PPK and PPK/S pistols for the US Market at their factory in Fort Smith, AR.^[17]

Users

•  Bangladesh: Special Security Force.^[18]
•  Burkina Faso: PP variant.^[19]
•  Central African Republic: PP variant.^[19]
•  Chad: PP variant.^[19]
•  Republic of the Congo: PP variant.^[19]
•  Denmark: PPK variant. Danish Police used a 7.65mm version.^[20]
•  East Germany: A close copy was produced after World War II.^[21]
•  France: All Walther PP and variants were produced after World War II by Manurhin until 1986.^[21]
•  Guyana: PPK variant.^[19]
•  Hungary: A close copy was produced locally after World War II. A Hungarian version called the PA-63 (9×18mm Makarov) is still in service.^[21]
•  Indonesia: PPK variant is used by Komando Pasukan Katak (Kopaska) tactical diver group and Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group.^[22]
•  Madagascar: PP variant.^[19]
•  Mali: PP variant.^[19]
•  Mauritius: PP variant.^[19]
•  Nazi Germany^[21]
•  Niger: PP variant.^[19]
•  Romania: A close copy was produced locally after World War II.^[21]
•  Senegal: PP variant.^[19]
•  Seychelles: PP variant.^[19]
•  Sweden: Walther PP. Was in use by Swedish Police until early/mid 2000s.,^[23][24]
•  Togo: PP variant.^[19]
•  Turkey: A close copy was produced locally after World War II.^[21]
•  United Kingdom: Royal Air Force - L66A1 .22 LR and L47A1 7.65mm Walther PP.^[3]
•  United States: Produced locally and used by various police forces.^[25]

See also

• List of pistols
• Makarov PM
• Type 64 pistol
• Table of handgun and rifle cartridges

References

Notes

• Fischer, Thomas (2008). Soldiers Of the Leibstandarte. J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-921991-91-5.
• Hogg, Ian V. (1979). Guns and How They Work. New York: Everest House. ISBN 0-89696-023-4. 
• Josserand, M.H.; Stevenson, J.A. (1972). Pistols, Revolvers, and Ammunition. New York: Bonanza Books (A division of Crown Publishers, Inc.). ISBN 0-517-16516-3. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Walther PPK.

• Walther (Germany)
• American Walther site
• Walther PP/PPK instruction manual
• Walther PP spare parts drawing
• Walther PPK/PPK-L spare parts drawing
• Walther PPK/S spare parts drawing
• Walther PPK/E exploded view
• Modern Firearms
• Walther PP on GunsTribune