Cliviger

Cliviger
A view over Cliviger
Cliviger  Cliviger shown within Lancashire
Population	2,238 (2011)
OS grid reference	SD864299
Civil parish	Cliviger
District	Burnley
Shire county	Lancashire
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BURNLEY
Postcode district	BB10
Dialling code	01282
Police	Lancashire
Fire	Lancashire
Ambulance	North West
EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Burnley
List of places UK England Lancashire

Coordinates: 53°45′54″N 2°12′22″W / 53.765°N 2.206°W / 53.765; -2.206

Cliviger is a civil parish in the Borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England. It is situated to the southeast of Burnley, and northwest of Todmorden, having a population of 2,238.^[1] Although the whole parish lies within the Borough of Burnley it is actually split between three postal towns, with a few farms lying in either the Todmorden or Bacup postal areas.

Nowadays, it is mainly a dormitory area for people working in Burnley and other towns in East Lancashire and West Yorkshire.

Contrary to popular (and in some cases mistaken local) belief there is no village of "Cliviger". The principal settlements within the parish are Walk Mill, Southward Bottom, Overtown, Mereclough and Holme Chapel.

According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish has a population of 2,238,^[1] a decrease from 2,350 in the 2001 census.^[2]

Toponomy

There is some lack of certainty as to the origin of the name Cliviger. The Rev. Dr. Thomas Dunham Whitaker, historian, theologian and curate of Holme Chapel and later also vicar of the parishes of Whalley and Blackburn (until 1821), conjectured that the origin was Saxon, from "clivvig" and "shire", meaning "rocky district".^[3] However in 1922 Eilert Ekwall felt that the name meant "steep slope farmland" having been derived from Old English clif æcer.^[4] Old spellings that have been used include "Clyvechir" (1258) and "Clyuacher" (1290) ^[5]

History

The area has been the site of human habitation for thousands of years. The remains of a Bronze-age burial mound is known to exist on Moseley Height above Mereclough and was excavated by Burnley Historical Society in 1950. Finds included cremation urns, other pot sherds, spindle whorls, beads and flint tools. These are now in the collection at Towneley Hall.^[6] Another burial cairn existed behind Law House at Mereclough.^[7] An Iron Age gold torc was also found, which is now in the Manchester Museum.^[8] There have also been some Roman coin finds,^[9][10] and suggestions that remains at Easden and another site near Mereclough where small Roman forts.^[11][12]

Cliviger is not mentioned in the Domesday survey, the survey of the wider area (Blackburnshire) is brief.^[3] Around 1160 a "plough-land", possibly the whole of the township, was granted to the recently founded Kirkstall Abbey (Leeds), and the monks made a grange here.^[13] However sometime later Richard de Elland (the son of the previous tenant) was allowed reclaim it, and Robert de Lacy (died 1193), lord of Clitheroe granted Accrington to the monks instead. Later returned to the them, Kirkstall would hold Cliviger until 1287, when Henry de Lacy promised them a fixed-rent in exchange.^[5] Cliviger bordered on the Forest of Rossendale and a boundary bank called the "Old Dyke" can still be traced southeast of Thieveley Pike (close to the southern border of the modern parish).^[14] The de Lacy's held land in demesne here as part of the Honour of Clitheroe, which would become incorporated into the Duchy of Lancaster. A saltway route from Cheshire via Manchester to Knaresborough and Wetherby has been ascertained to have passed over Thieveley Pike.^[15]

In 1588, the queen (Elizabeth I) demised to her principal surgeon, Robert Balthrope, a coal mine in Cliviger, this was later transferred to John Towneley of Towneley.^[5] There was a limestone hushing operation at Shedden Clough in the 17th century.^[16] Lead mining was attempted at Thieveley in the early 17th and mid 18th centuries, the site is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.^[17] Also near Pot Oven Farm, there are the remains of a blast furnace constructed around 1700 for the Spencer partnership. Although it had become a pottery by 1760, it is thought to be the first furnace built in Lancashire.^[18] During the mid-18th century, Cliviger produced worsted (woolen) pieces for the neighbouring town of Burnley.

Open cast coal mining took place in the 1940s and 50s above Thieveley Scout and on Deerplay Moor, the areas where subsequently filled in and landscaped.^[19][20]

Governance

Cliviger was once a township in the ancient parish of Whalley. This became a civil parish in 1866, forming part of the Burnley Rural District from 1894.^[21] In 1897 an area of the parish including parts of the villages of Cornholme and Portsmouth,^{[lower-alpha 1]} was added to Todmorden thus transferred into West Yorkshire.^[5] Since 1974 Cliviger has formed part of the Borough of Burnley.

Cliviger Parish Council consists of 9 councillors who serve a 4-year term of office, with council meetings held once a month.^[23] It is also part of the Cliviger with Hurstwood ward of Burnley Borough Council, along with the neighbouring parish of Worsthorne with Hurstwood. Currently represented by Michael Tattersall, David Heginbotham and Cosima Towneley ^[24] (all of whom also serve on the parish council and are affiliated with the Conservative Party). And it is also part of the 'Burnley Rural' seat of Lancashire County Council.

Cliviger is made up of five enumeration districts named Mereclough, Overtown, Walk Mill, Southward Bottom and Holme Chapel, the last being regarded as the village centre, with a primary school (St John the Divine C.E. Primary School), the church and the village hall.

Geography

The parish is located at the northwestern entrance to Cliviger Gorge, which extends southeast to the (now) West Yorkshire town of Todmorden. It is regarded as a remarkable example of a glacial valley that follows a fault line cutting through the South Pennine Moors.^[25] The highest point in the parish is Hoof Stones Height on Stiperden Moor to the northeast, at 1,573 feet (479.5 m) above sea level (on the county boundary). To the west are Heald Moor and Deerplay Moor, attaining 1,470 feet (448.1 m) at Thieveley Pike.^[5] There is a legend that a spectral huntsman and his hounds appear in the gorge every Halloween.^[26]

The valley was formerly a major transport link between Lancashire and Yorkshire, both the A646 road and a railway line pass through it (there was previously a railway station at Holme Chapel). However a road called 'The Long Causeway’ which runs above the valley (passing Coal Clough Wind Farm), is believed to be ancient in its origins, possibly dating back to the Bronze Age.^[27]

The parish contains the sources of Lancashire's River Calder, Yorkshire's River Calder and the River Irwell. It lies astride the main watershed of Great Britain, as the Lancashire Calder and the Irwell flow west (via the rivers Ribble and Mersey respectively) to the Irish Sea, whilst the Yorkshire Calder flows east (via the Aire, the Ouse and the Humber) to the North Sea.^[3] Everage Clough, a tributary of the Lancashire Calder, forms the parish's western boundary as far as Crown Point, the location of the Singing Ringing Tree sculpture. The River Brun, its tributary Rock Water, and its tributary Shedden Clough form the parish's northern boundary.

Mereclough

Kettledrum Inn, Mereclough

Mereclough is at the junction of Red Lees Road with The Long Causeway. A Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built at Mereclough in 1824.^[5] There are two public houses, the Fighting Cocks (now Nino's Italian Restaurant and Bar) and the Kettledrum Inn. Colonel Charles Towneley's horse Kettledrum won the 1861 Epsom Derby.

Overtown

Overtown is at the junctions of Red Lees Road with Mount Lane and Greencliffe Lane.

Walk Mill

Older housing in Walk Mill

Walk Mill is on Burnley Road, where it passes over the River Calder. Barcroft is to the north and Dyneley is southwest. In 1311 Henry de Lacy held 80 acres of land and a water-mill in Cliviger.^[5] A medieval fulling mill (often water-powered) could also be known as a walk mill. Mount Zion Independent Methodist chapel was built in 1853 and superseded an earlier building of 1835.^[5][28] The engine house of Railway Pit drift mine still survives (installed in 1848) next to the chapel. A weaving shed was built here in 1876, in-between the wars there were 736 looms operating. It closed in 1958 and has been demolished.^[29] A public house called the Gordon Lennox opened in 1892, named after Lady Gordon-Lennox (the wife of Lord Alexander Gordon-Lennox), daughter of Colonel Charles Towneley. It superseded an earlier building across the road.^[30] It has been demolished.

Southward Bottom

Southward Bottom is centered on the junction of Red Lees Road and Burnley Road. The River Calder is joined by Easden Clough near Honey Holme farm. In the 1840s there was a drift colliery here called the Turner Carr Level.^[29][22]

Holme Chapel

Church of St John the Divine, Holme Chapel

Holme Chapel is on Burnley Road in the centre of the parish (although its most southeasterly settlement) and is regarded as the village centre, with a primary school (St John the Divine C.E. Primary School), St. John's church and the village hall. Holme is to the southeast. There are two public houses, the Ram Inn and Queen Hotel.

A small chapel, probably built here during the reign of Henry VIII and considered the property of the Whitaker family of the Holme, becoming ruinous, was demolished in 1788. St John the Divine Church in Holme Chapel was consecrated in 1794.^[5] The Rev. Dr. Thomas Dunham Whitaker would later write that he had contributed more than an moiety toward its construction.^[3] The church also contains two 15th century misericords, which probably originated at Whalley Abbey.^[31]

Festivals

Clivger's social life largely revolves around its four surviving pubs, the church, school and village hall in Holme Chapel and the Mount Zion Methodist church in Walk Mill. The school and churches play host to familiar national organisations such as Brownies and Rainbows, whilst the village hall hosts local interest groups, activity groups for senior citizens and mother-and-toddler groups amongst other things. An annual flower show also takes place at the village hall in August each year,^[32] whilst a fete and duck race take place at the recreation ground on Park Road every May. The Holme Sheep Fair (Lonk Sheep Breeders' Association), held in September, has been going on for hundreds of years. Today it also includes Holme Sheepdog Trials Association championship and the Thieveley Pike fell race organized by Clayton-le-Moors Harriers.

People

There appears to have been a family called "de Clivacher" in the 14th century.^[5] The last known member of the family was Cecilia de Clivacher who died shortly before the accession of Edward I to the throne of England. After that the name becomes extinct.^[3] The parish is the historical home of the Whitaker family, possibly the most notable being 16th century theologian William Whitaker. His descendent, Thomas Dunham Whitaker, often called "the historian of Whalley", was curate of St John's from 1797, and later vicar of the parishes of Whalley and Blackburn.^[33] Ormerod House was the home of the Thursby family—notable members include General James Yorke Scarlett; and also the mother of Korvettenkapitan Peter-Erich Cremer, one of the most decorated U-boat aces of the Second World War (and ultimately adjutant to Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz), was a Thursby.

Notable residents of the parish, past and present, include -

• Titus Thornber, historian and naturalist.
• Edward "Eddy" Rawlinson, former newspaper photographer and picture editor of the Manchester edition of the Daily Mirror.
• Sir Simon Towneley KCVO, KCSG.
• Lady Mary Towneley MBE, notable horsewoman who did an incredible amount of work to open up many forgotten bridleways and pack-horse routes in Northern England. She was instrumental in bringing about the construction of the Pennine Bridleway long-distance route. A loop of this route which circumnavigates Cliviger is named the Mary Towneley Loop in her honour. Her other achievements include recreating Dick Turpin's legendary ride from London to York, and also taking part in the Vienna to Budapest endurance ride which she would have won had she not stopped to help a fellow competitor involved in an accident. Lady Mary died in 2001 at the age of 65.
• General Sir James Yorke Scarlett, known for leading the charge of the Heavy Brigade at the Battle of Balaklava in the Crimean War, is buried at St John's church.
• Tom Heaton, current Burnley FC goalkeeper.
• Jerry Dawson, long-serving Burnley goalkeeper. Jerry was born in Cliviger and lived all his life in the parish. The sports pavilion on the playing fields at Mount Lane was rededicated as the "Jerry Dawson Pavilion" in 2010.^[34]
• Colin Waldron, former Burnley F.C. defender.^[35]
• Frank Casper, former Burnley F.C. player and manager.^[36]
• Chris Casper, former Manchester United and Reading footballer and manager of Bury, son of Frank Casper, was brought up in Cliviger.
• Eric Halsall, long-term commentator on BBC TV series One Man and His Dog.
• John McArdle and his wife Kathy Jamieson, the Liverpool-born Brookside actor lived here in the 1990s.^[37]
• Sir Paul Stephenson used to live here.^[38]
• Stan Ternent, former Burnley F.C. and Bury F.C. manager.
• Jimmy Robson, former Burnley F.C. forward.

See also

• Listed buildings in Cliviger

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cliviger.

• Map of modern parish boundary at Lancashire County Council website
• Map of Cliviger township boundary (c.1850)
• Cliviger township - British History Online
• 1950 footage, thought to be of the excavation of the bronze age site at Moseley Height Sam Hanna (North West Film Archive)
• Amateur documentary of the sheep fair 2013 YouTube (Pendle Movie Makers)

Geography of the Borough of Burnley Towns Burnley Padiham Villages & suburbs Burnley Wood Haggate Hapton Harle Syke Holme Chapel Mereclough Stoneyholme Hurstwood Walk Mill Worsthorne Parishes Briercliffe-with-Extwistle Cliviger Dunnockshaw and Clowbridge Habergham Eaves Hapton Ightenhill Padiham Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood Topography Forest of Pendle South Pennines Footpaths Burnley Way Brontë Way Waterways River Brun River Calder River Don Leeds and Liverpool Canal Pendle Water