WLW

WLW

City	Cincinnati, Ohio
Broadcast area	Greater Cincinnati
Branding	Newsradio 700 WLW
Slogan	The Big One The Nation's Station
Frequency	700 KHz (also on HD Radio)
First air date	March 22, 1922 (experimental under calls 8CR 1921-1922)
Format	News/talk
Power	50,000 watts
Class	A
Facility ID	29733
Transmitter coordinates	39°21′11″N 84°19′30″W / 39.35306°N 84.32500°W / 39.35306; -84.32500 (main antenna) 39°21′11″N 84°19′44″W / 39.35306°N 84.32889°W / 39.35306; -84.32889 (auxiliary antenna)
Callsign meaning	World's Largest Wireless[1]
Former callsigns	8CR (1921–1922)[2] W8XAL (1924–1939)[3][4] W8XO (experimental December 31, 1933; February 9, 1934 – May 1, 1939)[5][6] WLWO (1939 – November 1, 1942)[7]
Former frequencies	W8XAL/WLWO: 5.690 MHz (1924–1929)[3] 6.060 MHz (June 1929 – November 1, 1942)[8][9]
Affiliations	ABC News Radio Cincinnati Bengals Radio Network Cincinnati Reds Radio Network
Owner	iHeartMedia (Citicasters Licenses, Inc.)
Sister stations	WCKY, WEBN, WKFS, WKRC, WSAI
Webcast	Listen Live
Website	700wlw.com

WLW (700 AM) – branded Newsradio 700 WLW – is a commercial news/talk radio station licensed to Cincinnati, serving Greater Cincinnati. Owned by iHeartMedia, WLW is a 50,000-watt clear-channel station that covers much of the eastern half of North America at night. WLW serves as the Cincinnati affiliate for ABC News Radio; a flagship station for the Cincinnati Bengals and Cincinnati Reds radio networks; and the home of radio personality Bill Cunningham. The WLW studios are located in Sycamore Township, while the station transmitter resides in Mason. Besides a standard analog transmission, WLW broadcasts over a single HD Radio channel, and is available online via iHeartRadio.^[10]

History

In July 1921, radio manufacturer Powel Crosley Jr. began 20-watt tests from his College Hill home, broadcasting "Song of India" continuously under the callsign 8CR.^[2] Powell already owned a number of enterprises, including the Crosmobile and a refrigerator-freezer company, and owned the Cincinnati Reds baseball club from 1934 to 1961. Crosley was innovative, personally inventing or funding the development of many then–cutting edge technological advances in his ventures which he placed in the able hands of his younger by two years brother, Lewis Crosley, who was a graduate engineer from the University of Cincinnati.

On March 22, 1922,^[2] Crosley and his Crosley Broadcasting Corporation began operating with a commercial license under its current calls, WLW, with 50 watts of power. Crosley was a fanatic about the new broadcasting technology, and continually increased his station's capability. The power went up to 500 watts in September 1922, 1000 watts in May 1924, and in January 1925 WLW was the first broadcasting station at the 5000 watt level. On October 4, 1928, the station increased its power to 50 kilowatts.^[2] Again it was the first station at this power level, which still is the maximum power currently allowed for any AM station in the United States.

Former headquarters, the Crosley Building in Camp Washington

At 50 kilowatts, WLW was heard easily over a wide area, from New York to Florida, but Crosley still wasn't satisfied. In 1933 he obtained a construction permit from the Federal Radio Commission for a 500 kilowatt superstation, and he spent some $500,000 ($9.14 million in 2016^[11]) building the transmitter and antenna.

It was the first large amplifier used in the United States for public domestic radio broadcasting and was in operation between 1934 and 1939. It was an experimental amplifier and was driven by the radio station's regular 50 kW transmitter. It operated in class C with high-level plate modulation. The amplifier required a dedicated 33 kV electrical substation and a large pond complete with fountains for cooling. It operated with a power input of about 750 kW (plus another 400 kW of audio for the modulator) and its output was 500 kW.

In January 1934 WLW began broadcasting at the 500 kilowatt level late at night under the experimental callsign W8XO. In April 1934 the station was authorized to operate at 500 kilowatts during regular hours under the WLW call letters. On May 2, 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressed a ceremonial button that officially launched WLW's 500-kilowatt signal.^[12] As the first station in the world to broadcast at this strength, WLW received repeated complaints from around the United States and Canada that it was overpowering other stations as far away as Toronto. In December 1934 WLW cut back to 50 kilowatts at night to mitigate the interference, and began construction of two shorter towers a quarter wave length high, a half wave length apart and 1850 feet southwest from the main tower. This adequately reduced the signal strength towards Canada (the two shorter towers were fed 85kw at 96 degrees out of phase with the signal to null in the opposite direction they were from the main Blaw-Knox tower). With these antennas towers in place, full-time broadcasting at 500 kilowatts resumed in early 1935. However, WLW was continuing to operate under special temporary authority that had to be renewed every six months, and each renewal brought complaints about interference and undue domination of the market by such a high-power station. The FCC was having second thoughts about permitting extremely wide-area broadcasting versus more locally oriented stations, and in 1938, the US Senate adopted the "Wheeler" resolution, expressing it to be the sense of that body that more stations with power in excess of 50 kilowatts are against the public interest. As a result, in 1939 the 500-kilowatt broadcast authorization was not renewed, bringing an end to the era of the AM radio superstation.^[13] Because of the impending war and the possible need for national broadcasting in an emergency, the W8XO experimental license for 500 kilowatts remained in effect until December 29, 1942. In 1962 the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation again applied for a permit to operate at 750 kilowatts, but the FCC denied the application.

Many reports have surfaced over the years of the power fluctuations from those who lived near the 500 kilowatt transmitter. Residents would see their lights flicker in time to the modulation peaks of the transmitter. It was widely reported that the signal was so overpowering some people picked up WLW radio on the metal coils of mattress and boxed bedsprings,^[14] similar to KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Arcing often occurred near the transmission site.^[15]

In the 1930s, WLW occupied the entire 48th floor of Carew Tower. In 1942, the station moved its studios into the Crosley Square building, a converted Elks Lodge No. 5 in downtown Cincinnati.^[16] WLW's sister television station, WLWT (then branded WLW-T), was founded in the same building. In 1955, WLW and WLWT became the first radio and television station to own a weather radar.^[17]

Crosley sold the station to Aviation Corporation of the Americas in 1945, earning a handsome return on his original investment of a quarter-century earlier. However, the Crosley name was so well respected that Avco retained the Crosley name for its broadcasting division until 1968.

A major promotion of the station in the 1940s was the Boone County Jamboree. An ad in the trade publication Billboard in 1942 noted: "WLW Boone County Jamboree acts played to 169,406 persons, July 4 to October 4. An all time record–63 bookings in seven States. New attendance records established at 14 events."^[18]

Avco began exiting broadcasting in 1975. WLW was one of the last properties to be sold, in 1976. From that point until the 1990s, WLW had different owners, including Queen City Communications, Mariner Communications, Seven Hills Broadcasting and Jacor Communications, before Jacor merged with Clear Channel Communications (now known as iHeartMedia).

From the late 1970s to 1989, WLW's studios were located downtown at 3 East 4th Street, now the site of the National City Bank (now PNC) Tower in downtown Cincinnati. From 1989 to 2005, WLW was located in Mt. Adams, a trendy neighborhood overlooking downtown. The address remained 1111 St. Gregory Street. WLW was originally on the fourth floor, where it shared studios with sister station WEBN. In 1992, as Jacor started to consolidate stations, the fifth floor was taken over by the human resources and traffic departments, along with new studios for 550 WLWA, formerly WKRC. In 1995, Jacor moved all of its stations into the Mt. Adams facility leasing the entire building.

Along with other Clear Channel talk stations, WLW switched from ABC News Radio to Fox News Radio.^[19] However, on June 26, 2006, a realignment of network affiliations by Clear Channel's Cincinnati AM stations reunited WLW with ABC News Radio. (WKRC picked up Fox News Radio, while WCKY took CBS Radio.)^[20] Not included in the rearrangement was ABC Radio commentator Paul Harvey. WLW continued to carry Harvey's commentaries through all the changes, although after extended absences, Harvey was dropped by WLW in April 2008.

"The Nation's Station"

WLW's diamond-shaped Blaw-Knox radio tower at night

WLW currently broadcasts using 50,000 watts of power, the maximum allowed for an AM clear channel broadcaster under current FCC rules.

The high power broadcasts led WLW to call itself "The Nation's Station." WLW also broadcasts using the HD-Radio digital system. Like other stations owned by iHeartMedia, WLW uses the iHeartRadio platform to stream its webcast. For a time in the early 1960s, WLW called itself the world's highest fidelity radio station.

After sundown, the 50 kW signal can be heard across much of the eastern half of the United States and Canada. It is believed WLW can be heard, regularly, in at least 38 U.S. states at night,^[21] and the station refers to this in some advertising. Its daytime signal can be heard at city-grade strength as far east as Columbus, as far west as the Indianapolis suburbs, and as far south as Frankfort, Kentucky. It provides at least secondary coverage to most of Ohio and Indiana, and much of northern and central Kentucky. Under the right conditions, it can be picked up as far away as Cleveland and Chicago.

In 1985 overnight host Dale Sommers received a call from Hawaii on his overnight program.

The station's first 50 kW transmitter, made by Western Electric, is still functional at 83 years of age and sees occasional service, including on December 31, 1999, when it was powered up and helped to bring WLW into the new year on January 1, 2000.^[2] The station's unusual diamond-shaped antenna (designed and erected by Blaw-Knox Tower company) is one of eight still operational in the United States (the second to be built after WSM's) and is featured on the official seal of the City of Mason.

Although Crosley also owned the Cincinnati Reds along with WLW from 1934 to 1945, WLW didn't become the Reds' flagship station until 1969, a status it has retained ever since. Over the years, WLW has also been the flagship for Cincinnati Bengals football, University of Cincinnati football and basketball, Xavier University basketball and the games of the Cincinnati Royals (now the Sacramento Kings) of the National Basketball Association.

In 2013, the Cincinnati Enquirer had announced that WLW had purchased an FM translator from the Northern Kentucky University for an FM simulcast, and moved it to Port Union, Ohio.^[22] The station is W233BG on 94.5, operating at 120 watts.

XM Radio simulcast

From March 1, 2006 to March 6, 2009 WLW was simulcast live on XM Satellite Radio channel 173. This broadcast was delay-free, and gave the station a signal that reached the continental United States. Excluded from the simulcast were Cincinnati Bengals play-by-play coverage, which the station did not own the rights to broadcast nationally. However, college sport play-by-play from the Xavier Musketeers and the Cincinnati Bearcats were broadcast on XM, as were Cincinnati Reds games (as XM had purchased the rights to Major League Baseball separately). The station was placed on the satellites by at-the-time Clear Channel programming executive Sean Compton (brother of WLW personality Steve Sommers), who claimed WLW was his favorite radio station. Compton left the company in 2008 for Tribune Company, and shortly after WLW was removed. The channel remained empty for several months by simulcasting Talk Radio 165, until December 2009, when Bollywood & Beyond debuted on XM 173. After things settled down, WLW's 12am to 5 am overnight programming of America's Trucking network featuring Steve Sommers and Eric 'Bubba Bo' Boulanger was simulcast on XM 152 Extreme talk.

Former on-air staff

The station claims many well-known alumni, including Jack Berch,^[23] Mary Jane Croft,^[24] Merle Travis, Doris Day, Rosemary Clooney, Ruth Lyons, Bob Braun, Wally Phillips, Jean Shepherd, NBC sportscasters Cris Collinsworth and Al Michaels, "Sportstalk" host Bob Trumpy, Dale Sommers (better known as the "Truckin' Bozo"), J. R. Gach, Mike McConnell (late-morning/midday host from 1985 until 2010), Gary Burbank (comedy talk host, impressionist, and creator of the nationally syndicated Earl Pitts monologues) and former Clear Channel radio CEO Randy Michaels. Rod Serling, the creator of the classic TV series The Twilight Zone, worked for WLW from 1947-48^[25] producing historical documentaries, community profiles and commercials, before leaving to pursue other opportunities in the broadcasting industry. Bill Nimmo, who later served as Johnny Carson's sidekick on the show Who Do You Trust? and its predecessor Do You Trust Your Wife?, also worked at WLW beginning in 1947.

Current programming

WLW airs a nearly entirely locally produced talk format, and is the flagship station for Live on Sunday Night with Bill Cunningham. Cunningham also hosts a weekday program on the station.^[26] Live on Sunday Night with Bill Cunningham is syndicated by Premiere Networks. Other notable personalities on the station include morning host Mike McConnell, afternoon hosts Eddie Fingers and Tracy Jones, evening host Rocky Boiman, and overnight host Steve Sommers, who hosts the trucking-oriented show founded by his father Dale.

WLW is the flagship radio station for the Cincinnati Reds Radio Network and a co-flagship station for the Cincinnati Bengals football team. The station also broadcasts Cincinnati Bearcats and Xavier Musketeers games. WLW has a 24-hour local news department and is affiliated with ABC News Radio and Raycom Media's WXIX-TV.^[27] WLW was also affiliated with Paul Harvey until May 2008.

References

Further reading

• B., Mike. "Station History". Greater Cincinnati Radio Guide. Archived from the original on 2008-01-28. Retrieved 2009-02-01. 
• Berg, Jerome S. (October 1, 2008). Broadcasting on the Short Waves, 1945 to Today. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-3674-3. 
• Berg, Jerome S. (1999). On the Short Waves, 1923-1945: Broadcast Listening in the Pioneer Days of Radio. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0506-6. 
• Berg, Jerome S. (September 20, 2013). The Early Shortwave Stations: A Broadcasting History Through 1945. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-7411-0. 
• McClure, Rusty; Stern, David; Banks, Michael A. (November 9, 2006). Crosley – Two Brothers and an Empire That Transformed the Nation. Cincinnati: Clerisy Press. ISBN 978-1578602919. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to WLW.

• 700 WLW
• Query the FCC's AM station database for WLW
• Radio-Locator Information on WLW
• Query Nielsen Audio's AM station database for WLW