WAVE Trust

WAVE Trust (Worldwide Alternatives to ViolencE) was formed in 1996 and registered as an international educational charity with the Charity Commission for England and Wales^[1] under Number 1080189 in 1999. The charity is dedicated to reducing the key root causes of interpersonal violence: child neglect and maltreatment. The method used is a business strategy approach to identify and then tackle these problems at root cause level.

WAVE’s fundamental message is that most family violence and maltreatment can be prevented by known, economically viable programmes to break damaging family cycles. They say their research identifies and actively promotes UK adoption of global best practice methods and programmes to address violence, e.g. the Nurse-Family Partnership.^[2]

WAVE also says extensive research highlights the crucial nature of experience from conception to age 3 in the formation of seriously violent personalities, largely because of the sensitive nature of the infant brain during these formative years. Research also identifies two important early conditions as antidotes to the development of violent personalities: attunement between carers and babies, and the development of empathy in the child.^[3]

WAVE strategies to reduce violence and child abuse

• Identify the root causes of child abuse and violence.
• Find the most effective methods known to address these root causes.
• Promote the adoption of these proven methods.

WAVE cites the research finding that between birth and age 3 the synapses (or connections) in the infant brain multiply 20 fold, and develop 85% of the human brain (and that 95% of the brain is developed by age 4). This speed of development causes the brain to be acutely sensitive to environmental experience during the first 3 years of life.

The charity’s reports and articles particularly emphasise the importance of warm, nurturing, loving parenting in the first 18 months of life when the emotional brain is largely created, and juxtaposes this with statistics showing that age 0-1 is the peak age for physical abuse in the UK. The people most likely to die a violent death are babies under 1 year old, who are four times more likely to be killed than the average person in England and Wales.^[4]

Although there are many causes of violence, WAVE’s research conclusion is that child abuse, neglect and witnessing domestic violence are fundamental contributors to later antisocial, aggressive or violent behaviour because:

• Patterns of behaviour are adopted very early in life. Many children who are abused or neglected learn that the world is a cruel place and act accordingly.
• Antisocial behaviour is difficult to change – once adopted, this character trait is strong and often leads to adult violence.
• This pattern of violence is then repeated within the family as the antisocial / aggressive adults go on to raise their own children.

WAVE's key recommendations

• Implement a focused primary prevention strategy (i.e. intervening before rather than after damage takes place) for at-risk children aged 0–3
• Set up a National Early Prevention Agency to co-ordinate, fund and drive a strategy to prevent Adverse Childhood Experiences.^[5]
• No child should leave school without receiving fundamental training in how to ‘attune’ with babies and to parent in a non-violent manner. An example of a programme to do this is Roots of Empathy.^[6]
• During a first pregnancy, every mother- and father-to-be should receive supportive coaching on how to ‘attune’ with babies, how to ensure the child's successful emotional development and how to parent in a non-violent manner. An example of this type of support is offered by the programme First Steps in Parenting.
• Babies in at-risk families should be monitored during their first three years, with the parents receiving regular visits by specially trained Health Visitors who provide practical encouragement and support e.g. Nurse Family Partnership.^[7]
• Violent individuals entering legal/prison systems, whether adults or children, should be assessed for Posttraumatic stress disorder and, if diagnosed, steps taken to heal the condition.^[8]

Activities

WAVE works with police, government departments, academics and other voluntary organisations to improve understanding of the most effective strategies and policies for reducing violence and child maltreatment. The charity also delivers therapeutic programmes for violent offenders in prison and after release.

In 2008 WAVE cooperated with the Centre for Social Justice and the Smith Institute to write and publish the booklet Early Intervention: Good Parents, Great Kids, Better Citizens.^[9] This publication calls on all political parties to unite around a long-term commitment to the policy of Early Intervention.

Concerned about the lack of measurable reductions in child maltreatment in the UK over the previous 60 years, in 2009 WAVE created a ‘70/30’ strategy to reduce this by 70% by 2030. This strategy is backed by a number of UK academics, politicians, think tanks and other charities. In 2010, the Liberal Democrats pledged support for WAVE's 70/30 strategy in their pre-election manifesto.^[10]

Funding

WAVE’s funding comes from national and local government bodies, police forces, foundations and trusts, as well as donations from private individuals.

Not just violence

WAVE’s more recent research, following the publication of Violence and what to do about it, shows that child maltreatment also underlies subsequent problems with mental health, physical health, educational performance, wealth generation and antisocial behaviour.^[11]

Organisation structure

Patrons

Baroness Walmsley, Liberal Democrat spokesperson on children, schools and families in the House of Lords

The Rt Hon Iain Duncan Smith, Member of Cabinet, holding portfolio of Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and Former Leader of the UK Conservative Party

General the Lord Ramsbotham, GCB CBE, Crossbench peer in the House of Lords and Vice-Chair of both the All Party Penal Affairs Group and the All Party Parliamentary Group for Learning & Skills in the Criminal Justice System.

Strategic advisers

Sir Christopher Ball, formerly Warden of Keble College, Oxford and Chancellor of the University of Derby

Sir Richard Bowlby (son of John Bowlby) specialises in the impact of early attachment relationships between parents and their young children

Chair of Trustees

Stelio Stefanou, businessman.^[12]

Senior Officers

George Hosking, founder and Chief Executive Officer, economist, psychologist and clinical criminologist

Ita Walsh, former Trustee, author of WAVE reports Violence and what to do about it and Working together to reduce serious youth violence

Anthoulla Koutsoudi, company secretary, lawyer

Trustees

Jan Arnow, author of 6 books, including Teaching Peace and Tortured Youth, Children in Violence

Professor Vivette Glover, Professor of Perinatal Psychobiology at Imperial College London

Kate Quigley, Prison Officer advising WAVE on therapeutic work in prisons

Honor Rhodes, OBE, Director of Strategic Development and Projects, Tavistock Centre for Couple Relationships

Kevin McGrath, chartered surveyor, Founder and Chair of McGrath Charitable Trust, entrepreneur and philanthropist

WAVE key publications

WAVE REPORT 2010: International experience of early intervention for children, young people and their families

Commissioned by C4EO to conduct this review which also formed the basis for their report 'Grasping the nettle: early intervention for children, families and communities'^[13]

WAVE REPORT 2005: Violence and what to do about it

The culmination of the charity’s first 9 years of research.

Working Together to Reduce Serious Youth Violence

Report on London Conference in November 2007.

Early Intervention: Good Parents, Great Kids, Better Citizens

WAVE-drafted 2008 joint party booklet.

See also

• Attachment theory
• Child abuse
• Child Development Index
• Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
• Cinderella effect
• Domestic violence
• Emotional dysregulation
• International Save the Children Alliance
• Karim Khan Zand / Zand Dynasty in so far as it refers to George Hosking
• Pedophilia
• Sociology of the family
• Youth studies

References

External links

• The WAVE Trust website - please note that this has recently been given a substantial overhaul and improvement
• PDF of The WAVE Report 2005
• Child Psychotherapy Trust provides information on children's emotional development, behaviour and relationships from birth to adulthood
• Child Abuse Prevention Network is the Internet Nerve Center for professionals in the field of child abuse and neglect
• Children's Defense Fund Their mission is to Leave No Child Behind and to ensure every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start, and a Moral Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities
• Committee for Children is a leader in social and emotional learning and violence prevention
• Some Things You Should Know About the Effects of Violence on Children original source of the document in the Preventing Violence section of this site
• RAND report on the prevention of youth violence: this report suggests that some approaches to preventing criminal careers look promising enough to warrant more extensive demonstration
• PITT mother and child project is an ongoing longitudinal study of child development. This site offers the opportunity to learn more about the results of their study