Voskhod (rocket)
 Voskhod rocket | |
| Function | Man-rated LEO carrier rocket |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
| Country of origin | Soviet Union |
| Size | |
| Height | 30.84 m (101.18 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.99 m (9.8 ft) |
| Mass | 298,400 kg (657,800 lb) |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO | 5,900 kg (13,000 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | R-7 |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Retired |
| Launch sites | LC-1 & LC-31, Baikonur LC-41, Plesetsk |
| Total launches | 300 |
| Successes | 287 |
| Failures | 13 |
| First flight | 16 November 1963 |
| Last flight | 29 June 1976 |
| Notable payloads | Voskhod spacecraft Zenit |
| Boosters | |
| No. boosters | 4 |
| Engines | 1 RD-107-8D74K |
| Thrust | 995.3 kN (223,752 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 257 sec |
| Burn time | 119 seconds |
| Fuel | RP-1/LOX |
| First stage | |
| Engines | 1 RD-107-8D75K |
| Thrust | 941 kN (221,500 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 248 sec |
| Burn time | 301 seconds |
| Fuel | RP-1/LOX |
| Second stage | |
| Engines | 1 RD-0108 |
| Thrust | 294 kN (66,093 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 330 sec |
| Burn time | 240 seconds |
| Fuel | RP-1/LOX |
The Voskhod rocket (Russian: Восход, "ascent", "dawn") was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites.[1][2] It consisted of the Molniya 8K78M third stage minus the Blok L.[3] In 1966, all R-7 variants were equipped with the uprated core stage and strap-ons of the Soyuz 11A511.
All 11A57s launched after 1965 were functionally an 11A511 without the Soyuz's payload shroud and launch escape system. Around 300 were flown from Baikonur and Plesetsk through 1976 (various payloads, but Zenith PHOTINT satellites were the most common). The newer 11A511U core had been introduced in 1973, but the existing stock of 11A57s took another three years to use up.
Voskhod 11A57
- Stage Number: 0 - Strap-on boosters; 4 x Voskhod 11A57-0
- Gross Mass: 43,400 kg
- Empty Mass: 3,800 kg.
- Thrust (vac): 4 x 995.4 kN = 3,981.5 kN
- Isp: 314 s (3.08 kN·s/kg)
- Burn time: 119 s
- Isp(sl): 257 s (2.52 kN·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2.68 m
- Span: 8 m
- Length: 19.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engines: 4 x RD-107-8D74K
- Stage Number: 1 - Core stage; 1 x Voskhod 11A57-1
- Gross Mass: 100,500 kg
- Empty Mass: 6,800 kg
- Thrust (vac): 941.4 kN
- Isp: 315 s (3.09 kN·s/kg)
- Burn time: 301 s
- Isp(sl): 248 s (2.43 kN·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2.99 m
- Span: 2.60 m
- Length: 28.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75K
- Stage Number: 2 - Final Stage; 1 x Voskhod 11A57-2
- Gross Mass: 24,300 kg
- Empty Mass: 2,000 kg
- Thrust (vac): 294.2 kN
- Isp: 330 s (3.24 kN·s/kg)
- Burn time: 240 s
- Diameter: 2.56 m
- Length: 2.84 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-0108
See also
References
- ↑ Barensky, C. Lardier, Stefan (2013). The Soyuz launch vehicle the two lives of an engineering triumph. New York: Springer. p. 160. ISBN 146145459X.
- ↑ Hall, Rex; Shayler, David J. (2001). The rocket men : Vostok & Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights. London [u.a.]: Springer [u.a.] p. 226. ISBN 185233391X.
- ↑ Kruse, Richard. "Historic Spacecraft - Soviet and Russian Rockets". HistoricSpacecraft.com. Historic Spacecraft. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
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