Voiced alveolar affricate

Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate

Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate
d͡z
d͜z
IPA number 104 133
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ʣ
Unicode (hex) U+02A3
X-SAMPA dz
Kirshenbaum dz
Sound
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The voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with d͡z or d͜z (formerly ʣ).

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate:

Occurrence

The following sections are named after the fricative component.

Dentalized laminal alveolar

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Armenian Eastern[2] ձուկ  [d̻͡z̪uk]  'fish'
Belarusian[3] дзеканне [ˈd̻͡z̪ekän̪ʲe] 'dzekanye' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Belarusian phonology
Czech[4] Afgánec byl [ˈävɡäːnɛd̻͡z̪ bɪɫ̪] 'an Afghan was' Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants. See Czech phonology
Hungarian[5] bodza [ˈbod̻͡z̪ːɒ] 'elderberry' See Hungarian phonology
Kashubian[6]
Latvian[7] drudzis [ˈd̪rud̻͡z̪is̪] 'fever' See Latvian phonology
Macedonian[8] ѕвезда [ˈd̻͡z̪ve̞z̪d̪ä] 'star' See Macedonian phonology
Polish[9] dzwon  [d̻͡z̪vɔn̪]  'bell' See Polish phonology
Russian[10] плацдарм [pɫ̪ɐd̻͡z̪ˈd̪är̠m] 'bridge-head' Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[11] отац би / otac bi [ǒ̞t̪äd̻͡z̪ bi] 'father would' Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants.[11] See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak sadzba [ˈsäd̻͡z̪bä] 'tariff'
Slovene[12] brivec brije 'barber shaves' Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants.
Ukrainian[13] дзвін [d̻͡z̪vin̪] 'bell' See Ukrainian phonology
Upper Sorbian[14] Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants.

Non-retracted alveolar

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz аӡы [ɑˈd͡zɨ]'water' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe дзэлӀы  [d͡zaɬʼə]  'soldier'
Albanian xehe [d͡zɛhɛ] 'mineral'
Arabic Najdi[15] قـليب [d͡zɛ̝lib] 'well' Corresponds to /q/, /ɡ/, or /dʒ/ in other dialects.
Armenian Western ծակ [d͡zɑɡ] 'hole'
Azerbaijani some Western dialects Cəbrayıl [d͡zæbɾɑˈjɯɫ]'Jibra'il' Corresponds to /d͡ʒ/ or /ɟ/ in other dialects.
Berber Kabyle Layer [ld͡zajər] 'Algeria'
Catalan[16] dotze [ˈd̪odd̻͡z̺ə] 'twelve' The fricative component is apical. See Catalan phonology
Chinese Wu [dzi]'neat'
Xiang [dzo]'sit'
Dutch Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[17] zèèg [d͡zɛːx] 'saw' Occasional allophone of /z/; distribution unclear.[17] See Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect phonology
English Broad Cockney[18] day [ˈd͡zæˑɪ̯] 'day' Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of /d/.[19][20] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[20] [ˈd͡zeˑɪ̯]
New York[21] Possible syllable-initial and sometimes also utterance-final allophone of /d/.[21] See English phonology
Scouse[22] Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /d/.[22] See English phonology
French Quebec samedi [samd͡zi] 'Saturday' Allophone of /d/ before /i/ and /y/. See Quebec French phonology
Georgian[23] ვალი [d͡zvɑli] 'bone'
Greek τζάμι [ˈd͡zami] 'window pane'
Hebrew תזונה [d͡zuna] 'nutrition' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Iu Mien nzoc [d͡zò] 'drum'
Japanese 続く/tsudzuku [t͡sɯᵝd͡zɯᵝkɯᵝ] 'continue' See Japanese phonology
Kabardian дзын [d͡zən] 'to throw'
Luxembourgish[24] spadséieren [ʃpɑˈd͡zəi̯ɵ̞ʀɵ̞n] 'to go for a walk' Marginal phoneme that occurs only in a few words.[24] See Luxembourgish phonology
NgweNwametaw dialect [mə̀d͡zə̀] 'path'
Occitan Rhodanien Provençal joine [ˈd͡zujne] 'young' See Occitan phonology
Pashto پنځه [pind͡zə]'five'
Portuguese European[25] desafio [d͡zəˈfi.u] 'challenge' Allophone of /d/ before /i, ĩ/, or assimilation due to the deletion of /i ~ ɨ ~ e/. Increasingly used in Brazil.[26]
Brazilian[25][26] aprendizado [apɾẽ̞ˈd͡zadu] 'learning'
Many speakers mezzosoprano [me̞d͡zo̞so̞ˈpɾɐ̃nu] 'mezzo-soprano' Marginal sound. Some might instead use spelling pronunciations.[27] See Portuguese phonology
Northern Qiang ? [ɣd͡zə] 'rabbit'
Romanian Moldavian dialects[28] zic [d͡zɨk] 'say' Corresponds to [z] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Ubykh [məˈdza] 'light' See Ubykh phonology
West Frisian widze [ˈʋɪd͡zǝ] 'cradle'
Yi /zzy [d͡zɪ˧] 'ride'

Variable

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Italian[29] zero [ˈd͡zɛːɾo] 'zero' The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical. In the latter case, the stop component is laminal denti-alveolar.[29] See Italian phonology

Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate

Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate
d͡ð̠
d͡ð̳
d͡ɹ̝

Features

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
English General American[30] dream [d͡ɹ̝ʷiːm] 'dream' Phonetic realization of the sequence /dr/; more commonly postalveolar [d̠͡ɹ̠˔].[30] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[30]
Italian Sicily[31] Adriatico [äd͡ð̠iˈäːt̪iko] 'The Adriatic Sea' Apical. It is a regional realization of the sequence /dr/, and can be a realized sequence [dð̠] instead.[32] See Italian phonology

See also

References

Bibliography

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  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278 
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