Villarreal

Villarreal (Spanish: [ˈbiʎareˈal]), officially Vila-real (Valencian: [ˈvila reˈaɫ]),^[1] is a city in the province of Castelló, in the Valencian Community, Spain.

The city is located at 42 m above sea level, 7 km to the south of the province's capital (Castelló de la Plana), which it is separate from by the Mijares (or Millars) River. it has 51,367 inhabitants (2010 data), most of them living in the urban area that covers about 10.72% of its comarca's 55.4 km² surface. Ranked by population, it is the second-largest city in the province (after the capital), and fifteenth in the Valencian Community.

The city was founded with royal status by King James I of Aragon in 1274 during his campaign to regain Muslim territory in present-day Valencia during the Reconquista. It later became an agricultural centre for orange cultivation, and more recently a centre for the ceramics industry.

Name

The city's former Valencian name, Vilareal, adorns its representative in a tapestry of the 1592 Valencian Parliament.

Both the Castilian Spanish Villarreal and Valencian Catalan Vila-real are cognates meaning 'Royal Village', due to the city's foundation by King James I of Aragon. Throughout the Middle Ages, as were most European settlements, it was known by its Latinised name Villae Regalis. A 1592 tapestry of the Valencian Parliament shows the city's representative with the old Valencian name Vilareal. It was in the late 18th century, as Spain became more centralised, that the Castilian name took over. The city was renamed in 1939, after the Spanish Civil War, as Villarreal de los Infantes (Royal Town of the Infantes), to avoid confusion with other Spanish localities with the same name. It is sometimes still referred to under this extended version.^[3]

On 27 February 2006, after a campaign which started in the 1980s, the Valencian form became the only official name for the city, after a unanimous vote by the city council.^[1]

Inhabitants of the city are known as vila-realencs (male) or vila-realenques (female) in Valencian, and villarrealenses in Spanish.

History

Villarreal was founded on 20 February 1274 by King James I of Aragon (hence its royal status), to strengthen his reconquest of Eastern Spain from the Moors. It was placed strategically on the ancient Via Augusta 65 km north from Valencia, and in the outskirts of the then-Muslim stronghold of Borriana. It was founded with royal status, with representation in the Valencian Parliament and Delegation of the Kingdom, and had the privilege of using the royal standard as its ensign. Villarreal was part of the royal sector of the Valencian Parliament and had an active say in its affairs.

The original town surrounded with wall, expanded outside from the 14th century due to an increase of population. The demographic and economic imbalances which characterise the 15th century carried on into the beginning of the 16th with constant conflicts with the Mudéjars (remaining Muslims in the Christian realms) of the nearby dominions and in a short, but very active participation, in favour of the Criminal slangs.

During the 16th century, the farming land began to be extended and enhanced by drilling wells to obtain water and convert dry land into irrigated fields, making it possible to begin commercial agriculture in the 17th century. After its disastrous participation in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the second half of the 18th century, the first industries were established, mainly for textiles. Also during that time, the city became involved in various revolts and wars which changed Spain's political make-up.

In the 19th century, the cultivation and trade of orange was introduced, which gave the town great economic progress, led both by businessmen and by farmers' associations or "cooperatives". After the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the earnings obtained from the orange trade allowed several entrepreneurs to build ceramic tile factories as a way to diversify their industries. Ceramics has continued to expand up to the present day, and is now Villareal's main economic activity.

Main sights

Belltower of St. James's Church.

Sights in the town include:

Església de Sant Jaume (Saint James's Church), from the 18th century.
Basílica de Sant Pasqual (Saint Paschal's Basilica), from the 16th century.
Plaça Major (Main Square), a square surrounded by several porticoed houses built in different periods.
The City Museum "Casa de Polo"
Chapel and park of Mare de Déu de Gràcia (Our Lady of Grace).

Economy

Villarreal's economy has evolved since the days of cultivation and trade of oranges in the last century to the manufacturing of ceramic tiles, which today is its most important source of income.

It hosts 4 of Spain's 500 largest businesses, all of which trade in the ceramic tile industry. Other industries in the city include financial services, bricks and other clay products, and basic metals.^[3]

Sport

Villarreal CF playing at the Estadio El Madrigal

The town is home to Villarreal CF, a football club in La Liga, Spain's highest tier of football. Founded in 1923, the club reached the national divisions in 1956 and the top-tier in 1998. During a successful spell in La Liga, the side were League runners-up in the 2007-08 season and a Champions League semi-finalist in 2006. The team play at the Estadio El Madrigal, which with a 25,000-seat capacity could fit half of the municipal population. Villarreal full-back Joan Capdevila played in the Spain squad which won the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

References

1 2 3 From February 28, 2006, the only official toponym of the city is Vila-real; Now Vila-real is not Villarreal (Valencian)
↑ Valencian is generally known as a dialect of the Catalan language outside of the Valencian Community
1 2 quality-Datenbank Klaus Gebhardt e.K. "Villarreal de los Infantes in Spain (Espana)". Top500.de. Retrieved 2012-11-07.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vila-real.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Villarreal.

Municipalities of Plana Baixa

Aín Alcudia de Veo Alfondeguilla Almenara Les Alqueries Artana Betxí Borriana/Burriana Chilches/Xilxes Eslida La Llosa Moncofa Nules Onda Ribesalbes Suera/Sueras Tales La Vall d'Uixó Villarreal La Vilavella

Municipalities of the province of Castellón

Aín Albocàsser Alcalà de Xivert Alcúdia de Veo Alfondeguilla Algimia de Almonacid Almassora Almedíjar Almenara Alquerías del Niño Perdido Altura Arañuel Ares del Maestrat Argelita Artana Atzeneta del Maestrat Ayódar Azuébar Barracas Bejís Benafer Benafigos Benassal Benicarló Benicàssim Benlloch Betxí Borriol Borriana Cabanes Canet lo Roig Castell de Cabres Castellfort Castellnovo Castellón de la Plana Castillo de Villamalefa Catí Caudiel Cervera del Maestre Chilches Chodos Chóvar Cinctorres Cirat Cortes de Arenoso Costur Culla Càlig El Toro Eslida Espadilla Fanzara Figueroles Forcall Fuente la Reina Fuentes de Ayódar Gaibiel Geldo Herbés Higueras Jérica La Jana L'Alcora La Llosa La Mata de Morella La Pobla de Benifassà La Pobla Tornesa La Salzadella La Serra d'en Galceran La Torre d'En Besora La Vall d'Uixó La Vilavella Les Coves de Vinromà Lucena del Cid Ludiente Matet Moncofa Montanejos Montán Morella Navajas Nules Olocau del Rey Onda Orpesa Palanques Pavías Peníscola Pina de Montalgrao Portell de Morella Puebla de Arenoso Ribesalbes Rossell Sacañet San Jorge Sant Mateu San Rafael del Río Santa Magdalena de Pulpis Sant Joan de Moró Sarratella Segorbe Soneja Sot de Ferrer Sueras Tales Teresa Tírig Todolella Toga Torás Torralba del Pinar Torreblanca Torrechiva Torre Endoménech Traiguera Les Useres Vallat Vall d'Alba Vall de Almonacid Vallibona Vilafamés Vilanova d'Alcolea Vilar de Canes Villafranca del Cid Villahermosa del Río Villamalur Villanueva de Viver Vila-real Villores Vinaròs Vistabella del Maestrazgo Viver Xert Zorita del Maestrazgo Zucaina

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