Vestes
Vestēs (Greek: βέστης) was a Byzantine court title used in the 10th and 11th centuries.
The term is etymologically connected to the vestiarion, the imperial wardrobe, but despite earlier attempts to connect the vestai and the related title of vestarchēs, the head of the class of the vestai,[1] with the officials of the vestiarion (cf. Bréhier), no such relation appears to have existed.[2][3]
The title is first attested for the reign of Emperor John I Tzimiskes (r. 969–976), when it was held by Nikephoros Phokas, son of the kouropalatēs Leo Phokas. The title remained high in the Byzantine imperial hierarchy throughout most of the 11th century, being often combined with the title of magistros and awarded to prominent generals, among others Isaac Komnenos (Byzantine emperor in 1057–1059) when he was stratopedarchēs of the East, Leo Tornikios and Nikephoros Botaneiates (Byzantine emperor in 1078–1081) during his tenure as doux of Eddessa and Antioch.[3][4] The Escorial Taktikon, a list of offices and court titles and their precedence compiled in the 970s, distinguishes between "bearded" (barbatoi) vestai, who also held the titles of patrikios or magistros, and the eunuch (ektomiai) vestai, who held the title of praipositos.[3]
As with other titles, the prestige of the vestēs declined towards the end of the 11th century, when it is attested as being held by lower-ranking officials. To counter this devaluation, the superior title of prōtovestēs (Greek: πρωτοβέστης, "first vestēs") appeared at the same time. Both titles, however, do not appear to have survived the reign of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118).[3]
References
- ↑ Oikonomides 1972, pp. 294, 299.
- ↑ Bréhier 2000, pp. 81, 111.
- 1 2 3 4 Kazhdan 1991, p. 2162.
- ↑ McGeer, Nesbitt & Oikonomides 2005, p. 24
Sources
- Bréhier, Louis (2000) [1949]. Les Institutions de l'Empire Byzantin (in French). Paris, France: Albin Michel. ISBN 978-2-226-04722-9.
- Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York, New York and Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- McGeer, Eric; Nesbitt, John W.; Oikonomides, Nicolas, eds. (2005). Catalogue of Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 5: The East (continued), Constantinople and Environs, Unknown Locations, Addenda, Uncertain Readings. Washington, District of Columbia: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-309-8.
- Oikonomides, Nicolas (1972). Les Listes de Préséance Byzantines des IXe et Xe Siècles (in French). Paris, France: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.