Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij

Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij
Formation 1881
Founder Bruinsma brothers
Type Non-profit organisation
Purpose Opposing quackery and promoting evidence-based medicine
Location
Area served
 Netherlands, Belgium
Membership
 2000+ (2011)[1]
Chair
 Nico Terpstra[2]
Affiliations European Council of Skeptical Organisations, Stichting Skepsis, SKEPP
Website http://www.kwakzalverij.nl/

The Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij or VtdK (English: Association Against Quackery[3] or Society Against Quackery[4]) is a Dutch organisation that investigates the claims of alternative medicine and opposes quackery.[5][6]

History

Early history

The organisation was founded in 1881, making it the oldest skeptical organisation in the world.[4] It has published its magazine Nederlands Tijdschrift tegen de Kwakzalverij (NTtdK, "Dutch Magazine against Quackery") ever since.[7] In these early years the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij played a part in the professionalisation of medicine.[8] Its efforts in the public debate helped to make the Netherlands one of the first countries with governmental drug regulation.[9]

Initially, quackery mainly consisted of the unauthorized practice of medicine and the peddling of "secret remedies". By the 1950s, their energy mostly shifted to magnetizers. Since the 1980s the society has fought against so-called alternative medicine. Their primary targets are Chinese acupuncture, homeopathy, manipulative therapy, anthroposophical medicine, and naturopathy.[10]

Recent history

In 2000 the organisation published a list of what it considered to be the "greatest quacks of the 20th century".[11] This publication would later lead to legal and financial troubles (see below). In 2003 the organisation began awarding the annual Meester Kackadorisprijs to discourage influential people from spreading quackery. This mock award frequently makes the national news.[12][13]

Goal

The VtdK opposes all medical and paramedical treatments that are not scientifically substantiated. It concerns those "that are not supported by testably logical or empirically viable hypotheses and theories" and/or "that are actively distributed amongst the public, while no testing on its efficaciousness and safety has taken place within the professional group". The VtdK stresses that "the term kwakzalver ("quack") or kwakzalverij ("quackery") does not necessarily constitute an accusation of bad faith or fraud."[14]

Activities

Cover Nederlands Tijdschrift tegen de Kwakzalverij 125 (3).

Ever since its foundation in 1881 the organisation has published a magazine, currently titled Nederlands Tijdschrift tegen de Kwakzalverij. Since 2003 it annually hands out the Meester Kackadorisprijs,[15] a mock award given to the person or organisation that is deemed to have promoted quackery the most that year.

Controversies

Mayita Sickesz

The aforementioned list of "greatest quacks of the 20th century" included Mayita Sickesz, a Dutch doctor who claims to be able to cure autism, depression, schizophrenia and several other diseases through an unconventional treatment similar to chiropractic health care.[16] Sickesz pressed charges and in 2005 lost the case. In 2007, on appeal, she won.[17] This brought the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij in financial troubles.[18] The verdict was much criticized[19] and Netherlands national newspaper de Volkskrant listed it as number one in their top ten of legal failures that year.[20] The verdict was overturned in May 2009, because a judge decided that using a narrow definition of the word kwakzalver ("quack") that a previous ruling was forcing the group to defend in a libel case, was incompatible with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.[4]

Sylvia Millecam

In 2001 Dutch celebrity Sylvia Millecam died as a result of breast cancer. She had refused conventional medical treatment, opting for alternative medicine instead. After her death the public prosecutor pressed charges against two alternative health care providers and the self-proclaimed "healing medium" Jomanda. The prosecutor dropped these charges after concluding that Millecam had made up her own mind about her treatment. At this point the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij together with Stichting Skepsis took legal steps forcing the prosecutor to continue his case.[21][22][23] This resulted in a 2009 verdict against the two alternative health care providers, but acquittal for Jomanda.[3]

Chairs

Chairs of the VtdK since 1881:[1]

  • 1881–1888: Gerard Bruinsma
  • 1889–1897: Lambertus Zegers Veeckens
  • 1898: Cornelis Guldensteeden Egeling
  • 1899–1900: Alexander Carolus van Blommestein
  • 1900–1902: Johannes Marinus van Elk
  • 1903: Hermanus Massink
  • 1904–1909, 1931–1933: Abram Lind
  • 1909–1931: Pieter Willem de Koning
  • 1933: Willem Pieter Roedolf Bouman (acting)
  • 1934–1951: Cornelis Johannes Brenkman
  • 1951–1960: Hendricus Hermanus Funke
  • 1961–1978: Anton Pieter Nicolaas de Groot
  • 1979–1981: Lenze Meinsma
  • 1981–1983: Ben Polak (acting)
  • 1983–1988: Cornelis Deurman
  • 1988–2011: Cees Renckens
  • 2011–2015: Catherine de Jong[24]
  • 2015–present: Nico Terpstra[2]

References

  1. 1 2 van Lier, Bas (2011). Van Bruinsma tot Renckens. De geschiedenis van de Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij in 16 voorzittersportretten. Amsterdam: Verening tegen de Kwakzalverij. p. 96.
  2. 1 2 Frits van Dam (21 October 2015). "Het bestuur". Website VtdK. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Spiritual healer acquitted in death of Dutch actress", CBC News, 12 June 2009, retrieved 8 October 2009
  4. 1 2 3 Andy Lewis (3 August 2009). "Dutch Sceptics Have ‘Bogus’ Libel Decision Overturned On Human Rights Grounds". The Quackometer. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  5. ↑ "ZonMw wint kwakzalverij-prijs", Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch), 2006, retrieved 2009-06-23
  6. ↑ Van Der Smagt, C.P. (2001), "Wat wil de vereniging?", Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (in Dutch), retrieved 2009-06-23
  7. ↑ De Kort, Marcel (1995), Tussen Patiënt en Delinquent: Geschiedenis van het Nederlandse Drugsbeleid (in Dutch), Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren, pp. 25–26, ISBN 90-6550-420-6
  8. ↑ De Kort, Marcel (1993), "Drug Policy: Medical or Crime Control? Medicalization and Criminalization of Drug Use, and Shifting Drug Policies" in: Curing and Insuring: Essays on Illness in Past Times: the Netherlands, Belgium, England, and Italy, 16th-20th Centuries, Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren, pp. 207–208, ISBN 90-6550-420-6
  9. ↑ Oudshoorn, Nelly (1993), "United We Stand: The Pharmaceutical Industry, Laboratory, and Clinic in the Development of Sex Hormones into Scientific Drugs, 1920-1940", Science, Technology & Human Values (Sage Publications, Inc.) 18 (1): 5–24 (in particular 9), doi:10.1177/016224399301800102, JSTOR 689698
  10. ↑ Renckens CN (December 2009). "In the interest of all who value their purse and their health: a brief history of the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij--Society Against Quackery--of the Netherlands". Eval Health Prof 32 (4): 343–8. doi:10.1177/0163278709346814. PMID 19926608.
  11. ↑ "'Ergste kwakzalver'", Trouw (in Dutch), 2000, retrieved 2009-06-23
  12. ↑ (Dutch) Example from 2007 in Trouw: "Antikwakzalvers nomineren GroenLinks voor prijs", Trouw, 2007, retrieved 2009-06-24
  13. ↑ (Dutch) Example from 2008 in Het Parool: "Topman VU 'kwakzalver'", Het Parool, 2008, retrieved 2009-06-24
  14. ↑ Bestuur VtdK (30 November 1999). "Wat is kwakzalverij?". Kwakzalverij.nl (in Dutch). Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij. Retrieved 1 February 2015. (last modified on 23 February 2010).
  15. ↑ "'Kwakzalvers dringen door in bovenwereld'", NOS (in Dutch), 2008, retrieved 2009-06-23
  16. ↑ "Orthomanueel arts geen kwakzalver", Reformatorisch Dagblad (in Dutch), 2007, retrieved 2009-06-23
  17. ↑ "Arts die orthomanuele geneeskunde beoefent mag geen kwakzalver worden genoemd", Juridisch Dagblad (in Dutch), 2007, retrieved 2009-06-23
  18. ↑ Broersen, Sophie; Raaij, Ben van (2007), "Hof tikt Vereniging tegen Kwakzalverij op de vingers", De Volkskrant (in Dutch), retrieved 2009-06-23
  19. ↑ Drayer, Elma (2009), "Hoop in een tijdsgewricht van kruidenvrouwtjes", Trouw (in Dutch), retrieved 2009-06-23
  20. ↑ Van Maanen, Hans (2007), "Een Verbazend Gebrek aan Benul: De Uitglijers van 2007" (PDF), De Volkskrant (in Dutch), retrieved 2009-06-23
  21. ↑ "Vervolging Jomanda gevraagd", De Gelderlander (in Dutch), 2007, retrieved 2009-06-22
  22. ↑ "OM moet Jomanda toch vervolgen", Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch), 2008, retrieved 2009-06-22
  23. ↑ Hes, Georg Schreuder (2008), "Press Review 10 April 2008", Radio Netherlands, retrieved 2009-06-24
  24. ↑ "Renckens neemt afscheid als voorzitter". Website VtdK. Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

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