Fiber crop
Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fibres, which are traditionally used to make paper,[1] cloth, or rope. The fibers may be chemically modified, like in viscose (used to make rayon and cellophane). In recent years materials scientists have begun exploring further use of these fibers in composite materials. Inter-locking fibre also relate to fibre crops.
Fiber crops are generally harvestable after a single growing season, as distinct from trees, which are typically grown for many years before being harvested for such materials as wood pulp fiber or lacebark. In specific circumstances, fiber crops can be superior to wood pulp fiber in terms of technical performance, environmental impact or cost.[2]
There are a number of issues regarding the use of fiber crops to make pulp.[3] One of these is seasonal availability. While trees can be harvested continuously, many field crops are harvested once during the year and must be stored such that the crop doesn't rot over a period of many months. Considering that many pulp mills require several thousand tonnes of fiber source per day, storage of the fiber source can be a major issue.
Botanically, the fibers harvested from many of these plants are bast fibers; the fibers come from the phloem tissue of the plant. The other fiber crop fibers are seed padding, leaf fiber, or other parts of the plant.
Fiber crops
- Bast fibers (Stem-skin fibers)
- Esparto, a fiber from a grass
- Jute, widely used, it is the cheapest fiber after cotton
- Flax, produces linen
- Indian hemp, the Dogbane used by native Americans
- Hemp, a soft, strong fiber, edible seeds
- Hoopvine, also used for barrel hoops and baskets, edible leaves, medicine
- Kenaf, the interior of the plant stem is used for its fiber. Edible leaves.
- Linden Bast
- Nettles
- Ramie, a nettle, stronger than cotton or flax, makes "China grass cloth"
- Papyrus, a pith fiber, akin to a bast fiber
- Leaf fibers
- Abacá, a banana, producing "manila" rope from leaves
- Sisal, often termed agave
- Bowstring Hemp, an old use of a common decorative agave, also Sansevieria roxburghiana, Sansevieria hyacinthoides
- Henequen, an agave. A useful fiber, but not as high quality as sisal
- Phormium, “New Zealand Flax”
- Yucca, an agave
- Seed fibers and fruit fibers
- Other fibers (Leaf, fruit, and other fibers)
Fiber dimensions
References
External links
