Isotopes of vanadium

Naturally occurring vanadium (V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 1.5×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

Relative atomic mass: 50.9415(1)

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[1]^{[n 2]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 3]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[1]^{[n 2]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 3]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
⁴⁰V	23	17	40.01109(54)#		p	³⁹Ti	2−#
⁴¹V	23	18	40.99978(22)#		p	⁴⁰Ti	7/2−#
⁴²V	23	19	41.99123(21)#	<55 ns	p	⁴¹Ti	2−#
⁴³V	23	20	42.98065(25)#	80# ms	β⁺	⁴³Ti	7/2−#
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁴⁴Ti	(2+)
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β⁻, α (<.1%)	⁴⁰Ca	(2+)
^44mV	270(100)# keV			150(3) ms	β⁺	⁴⁴Ti	(6+)
⁴⁵V	23	22	44.965776(18)	547(6) ms	β⁺	⁴⁵Ti	7/2−
⁴⁶V	23	23	45.9602005(11)	422.50(11) ms	β⁺	⁴⁶Ti	0+
^46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	⁴⁶V	3+
⁴⁷V	23	24	46.9549089(9)	32.6(3) min	β⁺	⁴⁷Ti	3/2−
⁴⁸V	23	25	47.9522537(27)	15.9735(25) d	β⁺	⁴⁸Ti	4+
⁴⁹V	23	26	48.9485161(12)	329(3) d	EC	⁴⁹Ti	7/2−
⁵⁰V^{[n 4]}	23	27	49.9471585(11)	1.4(4)×10¹⁷ y	β⁺ (83%)	⁵⁰Ti	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487–0.002502
⁵⁰V^{[n 4]}	23	27	49.9471585(11)	1.4(4)×10¹⁷ y	β⁻ (17%)	⁵⁰Cr	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487–0.002502
⁵¹V	23	28	50.9439595(11)	Stable			7/2−	0.99750(4)	0.997498–0.997513
⁵²V	23	29	51.9447755(11)	3.743(5) min	β⁻	⁵²Cr	3+
⁵³V	23	30	52.944338(3)	1.60(4) min	β⁻	⁵³Cr	7/2−
⁵⁴V	23	31	53.946440(16)	49.8(5) s	β⁻	⁵⁴Cr	3+
^54mV	108(3) keV			900(500) ns			(5+)
⁵⁵V	23	32	54.94723(11)	6.54(15) s	β⁻	⁵⁵Cr	(7/2−)#
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁶Cr	(1+)
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β⁻, n	⁵⁵Cr	(1+)
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁷Cr	(3/2−)
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁶Cr	(3/2−)
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁸Cr	3+#
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁷Cr	3+#
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁵⁹Cr	7/2−#
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁸Cr	7/2−#
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	⁶⁰Cr	3+#
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	⁵⁹Cr	3+#
^60m1V	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms			1+#
^60m2V	101(1) keV			>400 ns
⁶¹V	23	38	60.96848(43)#	47.0(12) ms	β⁻	⁶¹Cr	7/2−#
⁶²V	23	39	61.97378(54)#	33.5(20) ms	β⁻	⁶²Cr	3+#
⁶³V	23	40	62.97755(64)#	17(3) ms	β⁻	⁶³Cr	(7/2−)#
⁶⁴V	23	41	63.98347(75)#	10# ms [>300 ns]
⁶⁵V	23	42	64.98792(86)#	10# ms			5/2−#

↑ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
↑ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
↑ Bold for stable isotopes
↑ Primordial radionuclide

Notes

Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO)
Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

References

↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).

Isotopes of titanium	Isotopes of vanadium	Isotopes of chromium
Table of nuclides

Isotopes of the chemical elements
1 H																	2 He
3 Li	4 Be											5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg											13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca	21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr	39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba		72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra		104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Uut	114 Fl	115 Uup	116 Lv	117 Uus	118 Uuo

		57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu
		89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr
Table of nuclides Categories: Isotopes Tables of nuclides Metastable isotopes Isotopes by element

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, January 09, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.