Urine osmolality

Urine osmolality is a measure of urine concentration,^[1] in which large values indicate concentrated urine and small values indicate diluted urine. Consumption of water (including water contained in food) affects the osmolality of urine.^[2]

In healthy humans with restricted fluid intake, urine osmolality should be greater than 800 mOsm/kg, while a 24-hour urine osmolality should average between 500 and 800 mOsm/kg.

Urine osmolality in humans can range from approximately 50 to 1200 mOsm/kg, depending on whether the person has recently drunk a large quantity of water (the lower number) or has gone without water for a long time (the higher number).^[2] Osmolality with typical fluid intake often averages approximately 290 mOsm/kg H₂O in humans.^[2]

In other animals

Some mammals are capable of higher osmolality than humans. This includes rats (approximately 3,000 mOsm/kg H₂O), hamsters and mice (approximately 4,000 mOsm/kg H₂O), and chinchillas (approximately 7,600 mOsm/kg H₂O)

References

↑ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Osmolality - urine". Retrieved 2009-03-29.
1 2 3 Sands, Jeff M.; Layton, Harold E. (2014-01-01). "Advances in Understanding the Urine-Concentrating Mechanism". Annual Review of Physiology 76 (1): 387–409. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170350. PMID 24245944. – via Annual Reviews (subscription required)

Components and results of urine tests (CPT 81000–81099)

Protein	Albumin Myoglobin hCG Leukocyte esterase Urine pregnancy test

Small molecules	Ketone bodies Glucose Urobilinogen Bilirubin Creatinine

Blood cells	RBC WBC

Chemical properties	Urine specific gravity Urine osmolality Urine pH Urine anion gap

Other	Urinary casts

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