United States House of Representatives elections, 1884

November 4, 1884^{[Note 1]}

All 325 seats to the United States House of Representatives 163 seats were needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	John G. Carlisle	Thomas Brackett Reed
Party	Democratic	Republican
Last election	199 seats^{[Note 2]}	118 seats^{[Note 3]}
Seats won	183^[1]^{[Note 4]}^{[Note 5]}	141^[1]^{[Note 4]}
Seat change	16	23

	Third party

Party	Greenback
Last election	2 seats
Seats won	1^[1]^{[Note 4]}
Seat change	1

Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1884 for Representatives in the 49th Congress. These election coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland.

In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.

Election summaries

↓
183	1	141
Democratic	Gb	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic	Republican	Others
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	8		0		0
Arkansas	District^{[Note 6]}	5	5		0		0
California	District^{[Note 6]}	6	1	5	5	5	0
Colorado	At-large	1	0		1		0
Connecticut	District	4	2	1	2	1	0
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0
Florida	District	2	2	1	0	1	0
Georgia	District^{[Note 6]}	10	10		0		0
Illinois	District	20	10	1	10	1	0
Indiana	District	13	9		4		0
Iowa	District	11	3	1	7	1	1^{[Note 7]}
Kansas	District^{[Note 6]}	7	0		7		0
Kentucky	District	11	10	1	1	1	0
Louisiana	District	6	5		1		0
Maine^{[Note 8]}	District^{[Note 9]}	4	0		4		0
Maryland	District	6	5	1	1	1	0
Massachusetts	District	12	2	1	10	1	0
Michigan	District	11	7	1	4	1	0
Minnesota	District	5	0		5		0
Mississippi	District	7	7	2	0	1	0	1^{[Note 10]}
Missouri	District	14	12	2	2	2	0
Nebraska	District	3	0		3		0
Nevada	At-large	1	0	1	1	1	0
New Hampshire	District	2	0		2		0
New Jersey	District	7	3		4		0
New York	District^{[Note 6]}	34	17^{[Note 5]}	4	17	4	0
North Carolina	District^{[Note 6]}	9	8	1	1	1	0
Ohio^{[Note 8]}	District	21	11	2	10	2	0
Oregon^{[Note 8]}	At-large	1	0		1		0
Pennsylvania	District + at-large	28	8	4	20	5	0	1^{[Note 7]}
Rhode Island	District	2	0		2		0
South Carolina	District	7	6		1		0
Tennessee	District	10	7	1	3	1	0
Texas	District	11	11	1	0		0	1^{[Note 10]}
Vermont^{[Note 8]}	District	2	0		2		0
Virginia	District^{[Note 6]}	10	8	2	2	2	0	4^{[Note 11]}
West Virginia	District	4	3		1		0
Wisconsin	District	9	2	4	7	4	0
Total		325	183^[1]^{[Note 5]} 56.3%	12	141^[1] 43.4%	19	1^[1] 0.6%	7

House seats

Democratic			56.31%
Republican			43.38%
Greenback			0.31%

[[Image:49 us house membership.png|thumb|left|350px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[Image:49 us house changes.png|thumb|left|350px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain	6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain	3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:

June 2 Oregon
September 2 Vermont
September 13 Maine
October 14 Ohio

Complete returns

Party abbreviations

California

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1884

Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the at-large district that had been created for them.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	Barclay Henley Redistricted from 2nd district	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	Barclay Henley (D) 49.7% Thomas L. Carothers (R) 49.3% C. C. Bateman (Pr) 1%
California 2	Charles A. Sumner Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1882	Lost re-election Republican gain	James A. Louttit (R) 49.4% Charles A. Sumner (D) 49.1% Joshua B. Webster (Pr) 1.5%
California 3	John R. Glascock Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1882	Lost re-election Republican gain	Joseph McKenna (R) 55.8% John R. Glascock (D) 42.3% Joshua B. Wills (Pr) 1% A. B. Burns (Pop) 0.9%
California 4	William Rosecrans Redistricted from 1st district	Democratic	1880	Retired Republican gain	William W. Morrow (R) 58.8% R. P. Hastings (D) 40.7% H. S. Fitch (Pop) 0.5% George Babcock (Pr) 0.0%
California 5	Pleasant B. Tully Redistricted from 4th district	Democratic	1882	Retired Republican gain	Charles N. Felton (R) 48.8% Frank J. Sullivan (D) 48.4% C. Henderson (Pr) 1.4% A. E. Redstone (I) 1.4%
California 6	None (District created)			New seat Republican gain	Henry H. Markham (R) 49.1% R. F. Del Valle (D) 47.9% Will D. Gould (Pr) 2.3% Isaac Kinley (Pop) 0.7%

Florida

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1884

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	Robert H. M. Davidson (D) 55.1% Eugene O. Locke (R) 44.9%
Florida 2	Horatio Bisbee, Jr.	Republican	1880	Lost re-election Democratic gain	Charles Dougherty (D) 51.8% Horatio Bisbee, Jr. (R) 47.6% Josiah T. Walls (IR) 0.6%

South Carolina

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1884

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Samuel Dibble	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	Samuel Dibble (D) 73.5% W. N. Taft (R) 26.5%
South Carolina 2	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Re-elected	George D. Tillman (D) 84.4% E. J. Dickerson (R) 14.2% Others 1.4%
South Carolina 3	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Re-elected	D. Wyatt Aiken (D) 93.5% John R. Tolbert (R) 6.5%
South Carolina 4	Previous incumbent John H. Evins (D) died on October 20, 1884			Democratic hold	William H. Perry (D) 99.4% Others 0.6%
South Carolina 5	John J. Hemphill	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	John J. Hemphill (D) 74.5% C. C. Macoy (R) 21.8% Others 3.7%
South Carolina 6	George W. Dargan	Democratic	1882	Re-elected	George W. Dargan (D) 74.0% Edmund H. Deas (R) 23.3% Others 2.7%
South Carolina 7	Robert Smalls	Republican	1884 (special)	Re-elected	Robert Smalls (R) 63.6% William Elliott (D) 34.6% Others 1.8%

Notes

↑ Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.
↑ Included 3 Independent Democrats.
↑ Included 1 Independent Republican.
1 2 3 Dubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the 49th United States Congress.
1 2 3 Includes 1 Independent Democrat, Truman A. Merriman of NY-11.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
1 2 Greenback Party
1 2 3 4 Elections held early.
↑ Changed from at-large.
1 2 Independent in previous election.
↑ Readjuster Party

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Martis, pp. 138–139.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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