United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2013

United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2013
Massachusetts
June 25, 2013
 
Ed Markey, Official Portrait, 112th Congress 2.jpg
Nominee Ed Markey Gabriel E. Gomez
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 642,988 525,080
Percentage 54.8% 44.8%

Results by town. Red indicates towns carried by Gabriel E. Gomez, blue indicates towns carried by Ed Markey.
U.S. Senator before election

Mo Cowan
Democratic

 Elected U.S. Senator

Ed Markey
Democratic

The 2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts was held on June 25, 2013, in order to fill the Massachusetts Class 2 United States Senate seat for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 2015.

The vacancy that prompted the special election was created by the resignation of Senator John Kerry, in order to become U.S. Secretary of State.[1] On January 30, 2013, Governor Deval Patrick chose his former Chief of Staff Mo Cowan to serve as interim U.S. Senator. Cowan declined to participate in the election. A party primary election was held on April 30 to determinate the nominees of each party for the general election. The Massachusetts Democrats nominated congressman Ed Markey, while the Massachusetts Republicans nominated Gabriel E. Gomez, a businessman and former Navy SEAL.

The race drew remarks from the media, because of its potential similarity to the 2010 special election, when Republican State Senator Scott Brown upset the Democratic nominee, Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley.[2][3][4][5] However, this proved not to be the case, as Gomez trailed Markey in every opinion poll taken; and Markey managed to defeat Gomez with a significant margin of the popular vote, despite a low voter turnout.[6]

Background

Incumbent Democratic Senator John Kerry was nominated to serve as U.S. Secretary of State by President Barack Obama on December 21, 2012.[7][8] He was confirmed by the Senate on January 29, 2013,[9][10] and in a letter to Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick, Kerry announced his resignation from the Senate effective February 1.[11] Kerry was sworn in as Secretary of State on the same day.[12]

Patrick's former Chief of Staff Mo Cowan replaced Kerry in the Senate on the same day and immediately ruled himself out of the special election.[13] The special primary elections took place on April 30. Democratic Congressman Ed Markey and Republican businessman Gabriel E. Gomez won their respective primaries.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Declined

Endorsements

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Mike
Capuano		 Martha
Coakley		 Vicki
Kennedy		 Stephen
Lynch		 Ed
Markey		 Marty
Meehan		 Deval
Patrick		 Other Undecided
Emerson College December 16–18, 2012 1,053 RV ± 2.9% 13% 11% 16% — — — 20% 10% 30%
WBUR/MassINC December 17–18, 2012 500 RV ± 3.3% 8% 21% — 5% 5% 3% 36% 3% 19%
Public Policy Polling January 29–30, 2013 763 ± 4.9% — — — 19% 52% — — — 29%
Public Policy Polling February 13–14, 2013 426 LV ± 4.8% — — — 28% 43% — — — 29%
WBUR/MassINC March 19–21, 2013 610 LV ± 4.1% — — — 24% 35% — — 0% 41%
Public Policy Polling March 26–27, 2013 496 LV ± 4.4% — — — 32% 49% — — 0% 19%
WNEU April 11–18, 2013 270 LV ± 6% — — — 34% 44% — — 0% 21%

Results

  Markey
  Lynch
2013 Democratic Primary - United States Senate special election in Massachusetts[78]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Ed Markey 309,854 57.4
Democratic Stephen Lynch 229,973 42.6

Republican primary

Candidates

Withdrawn

Declined

Endorsements

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Charlie
Baker		 Scott
Brown		 Gabriel
Gomez		 Michael
Sullivan		 William
Weld		 Daniel
Winslow		 Other Undecided
Emerson College December 16–18, 2012 1,053 RV ± 2.9% — 80% — — 7% — 5% 7%
WBUR/MassINC December 17–18, 2012 500 RV ± 3.3% 5% 81% — — 6% — 1% 7%
WBUR/MassINC March 19–21, 2013 610 LV ± 4.1% — — 8% 28% — 10% 3% 50%
WNEU April 11–18, 2013 128 LV ± 9% — — 33% 27% — 9% — 30%

Results

  Gomez
  Sullivan
  Winslow
2013 Republican Primary - United States Senate special election in Massachusetts[78]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Gabriel Gomez 96,276 51.0
Republican Michael J. Sullivan 67,918 36.0
Republican Daniel Winslow 24,630 13.0

General election

Candidates

Withdrawn

Debates

The candidates have had three debates:

Fundraising

Candidate (party) Receipts Disbursements Cash on hand Debt
Markey, EdEd Markey (D) $7,866,591 $8,652,479 $2,264,701 $0
Gomez, GabrielGabriel Gomez (R) $3,304,338 $2,307,217 $997,120 $900,100
Source: Federal Election Commission[107][108]

Top contributors

Ed Markey Contribution Gabriel Gomez Contribution
League of Conservation Voters $147,518 Advent International $38,850
Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky, and Popeo $35,950 Berkshire Partners $36,300
Dish Network $32,000 Summit Partners $28,900
Bain Capital $26,000 Bain Capital $11,400
Harvard University $24,400 Easterly Capital $10,400
DLA Piper $24,400 William Blair & Company $10,300
Comcast Corporation $23,350 HarbourVest Partners $7,800
WilmerHale $23,000 Power Financial Corporation $6,200
Berkshire Group $20,700 BMO Capital Markets $5,200
American Cable Association $20,500 Carlyle Group $5,200
Source: Center for Responsive Politics[109]

Top industries

Ed Markey Contribution Gabriel Gomez Contribution
Lawyers/Law Firms $528,470 Financial Institutions $211,800
Financial Institutions $228,050 Retired $37,250
Entertainment Industry $179,400 Misc Finance $16,105
Environmental Organizations $171,568 Lawyers/Law Firms $13,250
Real Estate $134,900 Business Services $13,050
Lobbyists $134,900 Commercial Banks $7,750
Retired $107,101 Manufacturing & Distributing $6,200
Business Services $101,200 High-Tech Industry $6,000
High-Tech Industry $65,450 Retail Industry $5,600
Universities $65,150 Misc Business $5,100
Source: Center for Responsive Politics[110]

Polling

Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 Ed
Markey (D)		 Gabriel E.
Gomez (R)		 Other Undecided
UMass Lowell-Boston Herald March 2–5, 2013 309 RV ± 4% 47% 28% 7% 19%
WBUR/MassINC March 19–21, 2013 610 LV ± 4.1% 44% 25% 3% 26%
WNEU April 11–18, 2013 480 LV ± 4.5% 51% 36% — 12%
Emerson College May 1, 2013 797 RV ± 2.5% 42% 36% — 16%
Public Policy Polling May 1–2, 2013 1,539 LV ± 2.5% 44% 40% — 16%
WBUR/MassINC May 5–6, 2013 497 LV ± 4.4% 41% 35% 0% 23%
Suffolk May 4–7, 2013 500 LV ± 4.4% 52% 35% — 13%
Public Policy Polling May 13–15, 2013 880 LV ± 3.3% 48% 41% — 11%
Emerson College May 20–22, 2013 867 LV ± 3.26% 45% 33% — 22%
New England College June 1–2, 2013 734 RV ± 3.62% 52% 40% — 8%
UMass Amherst-YouGov America May 30–June 4, 2013 357 RV ± 5.4% 51% 40% — 9%
Public Policy Polling June 3–4, 2013 560 LV ± 5.4% 47% 39% — 14%
WBUR June 6–9, 2013 500 LV ± 3.4% 43% 36% — 17%
Suffolk University June 6–9, 2013 500 LV ± 3.4% 44% 36% — 10%
Harper Polling June 10–11, 2013 498 RV ± 4.39% 49% 37% — 14%
Boston Globe June 11–14, 2013 508 LV ± 4.3% 54% 41% — 4%
UMass Lowell-Boston Herald June 15–19, 2013 608 RV ± 4% 56% 36% — 7%
WNEU June 16–20, 2013 566 LV ± 4.1% 49% 41% — 9%
Emerson College June 19–20, 2013 1,422 RV ± 2.5% 51% 41% — 8%
Suffolk University June 19–22, 2013 500 LV ± 4.4% 52% 42% 1% 5%

Results

Results by county
2013 Massachusetts U.S. Senate special election[111]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Edward Markey 642,988 54.84% -10.98
Republican Gabriel Gomez 525,080 44.78% +13.79
Twelve Visions Party Richard Heos 4,518 0.39% n/a
Majority 117,908 10.06%
Turnout 1,172,586
Democratic hold Swing Decrease 11.2%

References

  1. ↑ "Senate votes to confirm Kerry as secretary of state". Reuters. January 29, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Can Gabriel Gomez Win Mass. Senate Race?". RealClearPolitics. May 7, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Could Gabriel Gomez pull a 'Scott Brown' and win Massachusetts Senate race?". The Christian Science Monitor. May 1, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  4. ↑ Silver, Nate (May 6, 2013). "Does Gomez Have a Real Chance in Massachusetts?". The New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  5. ↑ Horowitz, Jason (May 9, 2013). "Gabriel Gomez: GOP hope in Massachusetts". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  6. ↑ "Markey wins US Senate special election". The Boston Globe. June 25, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  7. ↑ Landler, Mark (December 21, 2012). "Kerry Is Pick for Secretary of State, Official Says". The New York Times. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Remarks by the President at Nomination of Senator John Kerry as Secretary of State", The White House, December 21, 2012.
  9. ↑ Curry, Tom (January 29, 2013). "Senate votes to confirm Kerry as secretary of state". NBC News. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Senate Roll Call Vote". January 29, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
  11. ↑ Kerry, John (January 29, 2013). "Letter to Deval Patrick" (PDF). boston.com. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
  12. ↑ "CLINTON OUT, KERRY IN AS SECRETARY OF STATE". Associated Press. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  13. ↑ Ring, Dan (January 30, 2013). "Gov. Deval Patrick to appoint William Cowan as temporary replacement for Sen. John Kerry". The Republican. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
  14. ↑ Ishkanian, Ellen; Levenson, Michael; Finucane, Martin (January 31, 2013). "A combative US Rep. Stephen Lynch launches campaign for Senate seat". Boston Globe. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  15. 1 2 3 Thys, Fred (December 20, 2012). "WBUR Poll: Brown Would Be In Strong Position For Special Election". WBUR. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
  16. ↑ Johnson, Glen (December 18, 2012). "Poll focus suggests Edward Markey has more than passing interest in Senate special election". Boston.com. Retrieved December 21, 2012. Arsenault, Mark (December 27, 2012). "US Rep. Markey to run in Senate special election". Boston.com. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  17. 1 2 Killough, Ashley; Steinhauser, Paul (April 30, 2013). "Ed Markey, Gabriel Gomez win Massachusetts Senate primaries". CNN. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  18. ↑ Keller, Jon (December 22, 2012). "Ben Affleck In A Massachusetts Senate Race?". WBZ News (CBS Local). Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Ben Affleck won't run for US Senate in Mass.". Associated Press. December 24, 2012.
  20. ↑ Steinhauser, Paul (January 15, 2013). "Field to replace Kerry narrows, again". CNN. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  21. ↑ LeBlanc, Steve (December 22, 2012). "Mass. Braces For Senate Race If Kerry Leaves Seat". Associated Press (Boston.com). Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  22. ↑ Battenfeld, Joe; Chabot, Hillary; Cassidy, Chris (January 30, 2013). "Gov names adviser Mo Cowan to interim Senate post". Boston Herald. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
  23. ↑ Weiner, Rachel (January 11, 2013). "Ben Downing won't run for Senate in Mass.". Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  24. ↑ Dalton, Tom (December 27, 2012). "Driscoll not running for US Senate seat". The Salem News. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  25. ↑ Johnson, Glen (January 4, 2013). "Barney Frank says he would like to be interim senator to conclude ‘fiscal cliff’ fights". Boston Globe. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  26. ↑ "Ted Kennedy Jr. Says He Will Not Run For Mass. Senate If Kerry Confirmed". WBZ News (CBS Local). December 24, 2012.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Phillips, Frank (December 28, 2012). "John Kerry throws support behind Markey; Victoria Kennedy, DSCC issue endorsements". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
  28. 1 2 3 Ellement, John R.; Finucane, Martin (February 4, 2013). "Weld bows out for GOP, Leone for Dems, in Senate race; Jack E. Robinson to make independent bid". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  29. ↑ Leblanc, Steve (December 22, 2012). "John Kerry’s departure would spark a new Massachusetts Senate race". Patriot Ledger. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  30. 1 2 Zaremba, John (January 4, 2013). "Carmen Ortiz rules out gov, Senate Run". Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  31. ↑ Massachusetts: Rabbi Passes on Senate Bid
  32. ↑ Salsberg, Bob (December 28, 2012). "John Kerry, Victoria Kennedy back Ed Markey's Massachusetts Senate run". MassLive.com.
  33. ↑ Schoenberg, Shira. "Springfield Rep. Cheryl Coakley-Rivera endorses Stephen Lynch". Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  34. ↑ Moran endorses Lynch for Senate » Merrimack Valley » EagleTribune.com, North Andover, MA
  35. 1 2 3 Rizzuto, Robert. "Democratic Senate hopeful Stephen Lynch lands 3 more Western Massachusetts endorsements". Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  36. ↑ Rizzuto, Robert. "U.S. Senate hopeful Stephen Lynch lands 2nd Western Massachusetts endorsement of the day". Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  37. ↑ "Blodgett endorses Lynch for U.S. Senate". Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Weymouth leaders endorse Lynch: From the candidates". April 9, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  39. 1 2 State House News Service (February 25, 2013). "AFL-CIO nod up in air as Lynch, Markey trade union endorsements". South Coast Today. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  40. 1 2 Chabot, Hillary; Johnson, O’Ryan (February 1, 2013). "Some unions already on Lynch's side". Boston Herald. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  41. ↑ Johnson, Luke (May 28, 2013). "Ed Markey Endorsed By Obama In Massachusetts Senate Race". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  42. 1 2 Viser, Matt. "Joe Biden, Al Gore planning to attend fundraiser for Ed Markey next week". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
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  45. ↑ "Daily Kos: MA-Sen: Elizabeth Warren (D) Campaigns for Ed Markey (D)". Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  46. ↑ Schultheis, Emily (January 10, 2013). "Frank backs Markey in Mass. Senate special". Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  47. 1 2 Schoenberg, Shira. "Massachusetts Senate candidate Edward Markey to get campaign help from U.S. Rep. Xavier Becerra, Democratic chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz". Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  48. 1 2 Jaffe, Alexandra (January 24, 2013). "Prominent Massachusetts Democrats endorse Markey for Senate". The Hill. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
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  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "Ed Markey touts support from 100 Democratic politicians in Massachusetts Senate race". Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  54. ↑ More Than 100 State, Local Elected Officials Throw Support Behind Ed Markey For Senate - Ed Markey | Ed Markey
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Schoenberg, Shira (May 20, 2013). "Top names in sports, entertainment, business propel Ed Markey's fundraising". The Republican. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
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  61. ↑ Brooks, Walter. "State's largest Spanish language newspaper endorses Ed Markey over Gabriel Gomez". Retrieved June 14, 2013.
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  64. 1 2 Rizzuto, Robert (February 13, 2013). "U.S. Rep. Ed Markey lands new union endorsements in Massachusetts Senate race". The Republican. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  65. ↑ Rizzuto, Robert. "United Steelworkers union in Massachusetts endorses Ed Markey in U.S. Senate contest". Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  66. ↑ "Flight Attendant Union Endorses Ed Markey For Senate With Strong Record On Aviation Security". Retrieved May 20, 2013.
  67. 1 2 Rizzuto, Robert. "National Nurses United, Massachusetts Nurses Association endorse Democrat Ed Markey for U.S. Senate". Retrieved May 30, 2013.
  68. ↑ Rizzuto, Robert (January 16, 2013). "US Rep. Ed Markey lands endorsement from League of Conversation Voters in potential special election run for Senate seat". The Republican. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
  69. ↑ "GAY RIGHTS GROUP MASSEQUALITY ENDORSES DEMOCRAT ED MARKEY IN MASSACHUSETTS U.S. SENATE RACE". The Republican. March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
  70. ↑ Schoenberg, Shira. "Liberal organizing group Progressive Massachusetts endorses U.S. Rep. Ed Markey in Senate special election". Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  71. ↑ Levy, Pema (February 28, 2013). "Exclusive: NARAL Endorses Markey For Senate". Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  72. ↑ https://pol.moveon.org/give/markey_ed.html?bg_id=hpc5&id=65638-21626764-reu6PFx&t=2 MoveOn.org, "Help Ed Markey for U.S. Senate."
  73. ↑ Schoenberg, Shira. "Massachusetts AFL-CIO endorses Democrat Ed Markey in Senate special election". Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  74. ↑ Rizzuto, Robert. "Pro-LGBT Human Rights campaign endorses Democrat Ed Markey for U.S. Senate". Retrieved May 20, 2013.
  75. ↑ Rizzuto, Robert. "Planned Parenthood endorses Ed Markey's U.S. Senate bid in Massachusetts". Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  76. ↑ Kao, Maggie. "Sierra Club Endorses Ed Markey for U.S. Senate". Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  77. ↑ Rizzuto, Robert. "Alliance for Retired Americans endorses Democrat Ed Markey for U.S. Senate seat in Massachusetts". Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  78. 1 2 "2013 Massachusetts Senate Special Election Primaries". April 30, 2013.
  79. ↑ Bierman, Noah (February 11, 2013). "Republican Gabriel Gomez sets stage for a run in Senate special election". Boston.com. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  80. ↑ "Former U.S. Attorney Sullivan gathering signatures for Senate run". The Boston Globe. February 14, 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
  81. ↑ Schoenberg, Shira (February 7, 2013). "Republican State Rep. Daniel Winslow will run for U.S. Senate". MassLive.com. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
  82. ↑ "Sean Bielat Not Running for Massachusetts Senate after Filing Papers". Huffington Post. February 20, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2013.
  83. ↑ "Fetherston Ends U.S. Senate Campaign; Endorses Abington Republican". Framingham Patch. February 15, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
  84. ↑ Sacchetti, Sharman (February 5, 2013). "FOX News contributor says no to Senate bid, backs Rep. Winslow". myFOXboston.com. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  85. ↑ Kornacki, Steve (February 1, 2013). "Scott Brown’s cold feet". Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  86. ↑ Carr, Howie (February 1, 2013). "Scott Brown is not running for Senate". Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  87. 1 2 3 Eno, Rob (February 4, 2013). "Weld, Evangelidis and Romney Out". Red Mass Group.
  88. ↑ "Scott Brown still silent on Senate campaign". Boston Globe.
  89. ↑ Jaffe, Alexandra (February 1, 2013). "Scott Brown rules out another Senate bid in Massachusetts". The Hill. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  90. ↑ Blake, Aaron (February 4, 2013). "Tagg Romney won’t run for Senate". Washington Post. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  91. ↑ Norton, Michael (February 1, 2013). "Scott Brown won't run for Senate". Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  92. ↑ "State Sen. Minority Leader Bruce Tarr opts out of special election". MyFoxBoston.com. Fox Television Stations, Inc. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  93. ↑ Chabot, Hillary; Battenfeld, Joe (February 2, 2013). "Richard Tisei says he won’t run for U.S. Senate". Boston Herald. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
  94. ↑ Weiner, Rachel (February 4, 2013). "Bill Weld won’t run for Senate, Tagg Romney might". Washington Post. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  95. ↑ "Former Governor William Weld endorses Gabriel Gomez in the Republican US Senate primary race". April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  96. ↑ "GOP Senate candidate Michael Sullivan pics Paul Moore and Karyn Polito to run his campaign". March 4, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  97. 1 2 3 Rizzuto, Robert. "GOP Senate hopeful Michael Sullivan endorsed by conservative sheriffs, Western Massachusetts Republicans". Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  98. ↑ "Anti-tax activist Barbara Anderson endorses Republican Dan Winslow for US Senate". March 26, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  99. ↑ "Dan Winslow endorsed by Boston Herald in Republican Senate primary". April 10, 2013. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
  100. ↑ "The Boston Globe endorses Democrat Ed Markey, Republican Dan Winslow in Senate race". April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  101. ↑ "Lynch, Winslow Sun's Senate choices". April 23, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  102. 1 2 "Special State Election Candidates".
  103. ↑ Molly Buccini; Robert Gates (March 25, 2013). "Local Libertarian Ends Senate Campaign". Hamilton-Wenham Patch. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  104. ↑ Associated Press (February 4, 2013). "Ex-GOP candidate Jack E. Robinson seeks independent run for Senate". MassLive.com. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  105. 1 2 "Markey, Gomez agree to 2nd Mass. US Senate debate". Boston.com. May 23, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  106. ↑ "Ed Markey supporters rally outside 1st Massachusetts U.S. Senate debate studio". Mass Live. June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  107. ↑ Federal Election Commission. "2014 House and Senate Campaign Finance for Massachusetts MARKEY, EDWARD J". fec.gov.
  108. ↑ Federal Election Commission. "2014 House and Senate Campaign Finance for Massachusetts GOMEZ, GABRIEL". fec.gov.
  109. ↑ Center for Responsive Politics (May 20, 2013). "Top Contributors 2014 Race: Massachusetts Senate". opensecrets.org.
  110. ↑ Center for Responsive Politics (May 20, 2013). "Top Industries 2014 Race: Massachusetts Senate". opensecrets.org.
  111. ↑ Bycoffe, Aaron (June 25, 2013). "Gabriel Gomez vs. Ed Markey - Massachusetts Senate Election (LIVE RESULTS)". Huffington Post. Retrieved June 25, 2013.

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