United States Senate elections, 1828 and 1829

Dates vary by state

16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Jacksonian	Anti-Jacksonian
Last election	27 (57.4%)	19 (42.6%) (as "Adams")
Seats before	26 (55.3%)	21 (44.7%) (as "Adams")
Seats won	26 (54.2%)	22 (55.8%)
Seat change		1
Seats up	10	5

Majority party before election

Jacksonian

Elected Majority party

Jacksonian

In the United States Senate elections of 1828 and 1829, the Jacksonian coalition, despite its leader's victory in the presidential election, lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results

21st Congress (1829–1831)

Majority Party: Jacksonian (26)
Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (22)
Total Seats: 48

Change in Senate composition

Senate composition before the elections

After the August 26, 1828 resignation of a Jacksonian senator.

						A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄
A₁₄	A₁₃	A₁₂	A₁₁	A₁₀	A₉	A₈	A₇	A₆	A₅
A₁₅	A₁₆	A₁₇	A₁₈	A₁₉	A₂₀	A₂₁	V₁	J₂₆	J₂₅
Majority →									J₂₄
J₁₅	J₁₆	J₁₇	J₁₈	J₁₉	J₂₀	J₂₁	J₂₂	J₂₃
J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

Senate composition as a result of the elections

						AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄
AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇	AJ₆	AJ₅
AJ₁₅	AJ₁₆	AJ₁₇ Re-elected / diff. party	AJ₁₈ Re-elected / diff. party	AJ₁₉ Re-elected / diff. party	AJ₂₀ Gain	AJ₂₁ Gain	AJ₂₂ Gain	J₂₆ Gain	J₂₅ Gain
Majority →									J₂₄ Hold
J₁₅	J₁₆	J₁₇ Re-elected	J₁₈ Re-elected	J₁₉ Re-elected	J₂₀ Re-elected	J₂₁ Re-elected	J₂₂ Hold	J₂₃ Hold
J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

Key:

A_#	= Adams
AJ_#	= Anti-Jacksonian
J_#	= Jacksonian
V_#	= Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 20th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1828 or before March 4, 1829; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 2)	Thomas W. Cobb	Jacksonian	1824 (Special)	Incumbent resigned before November 7, 1828. Winner elected November 7, 1828. Jacksonian hold.	√ Oliver H. Prince (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio (Class 3)	William Henry Harrison	Adams	1824 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned May 20, 1828 to become U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Columbia. Winner elected December 10, 1828. Adams hold.	√ Jacob Burnet (Adams) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina (Class 3)	Nathaniel Macon	Jacksonian	1815 (Special) 1819 (Re-elected) 1825 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned November 14, 1828. Winner elected December 15, 1828. Jacksonian hold.	√ James Iredell, Jr. (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine (Class 1)	Albion K. Parris	Jacksonian	1827 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned August 26, 1828 when appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. Winner elected January 15, 1829. Adams gain.	√ John Holmes (Adams) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York (Class 1)	Martin Van Buren	Jacksonian	1821 (Elected) 1827 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned December 20, 1828 to become Governor of New York. Winner elected January 15, 1829. Jacksonian hold.	√ Charles E. Dudley (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey (Class 1)	Ephraim Bateman	Adams	1826 (Special) 1826 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned January 12, 1829 due to failing health. Winner elected January 30, 1829. Jacksonian gain.	√ Mahlon Dickerson (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 21st Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1829; ordered by state.

Note: Senators who called themselves "Adams," "Adams Men," or "National Republicans" returned to being called "Anti-Jacksonian." In this table, this change of name is not considered a change in party.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	William R. King	Jacksonian	1819 (Elected) 1822 (Re-elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1828.	√ William R. King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Henry M. Ridgely	Jacksonian	1827 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ John M. Clayton (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Oliver H. Prince	Jacksonian	1828 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian hold.	√ George Troup (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	Jesse B. Thomas	Adams	1818 (Elected) 1823 (Re-elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian gain.	√ John McLean (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Richard M. Johnson	Jacksonian	1819 (Special) 1823 (Re-elected)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1829. Jacksonian hold.	√ George M. Bibb (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Charles D.J. Bouligny	Adams	1824 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian gain.	√ Edward Livingston (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	John Chandler	Jacksonian	1820 (Elected) 1823 (Re-elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1828 or 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ Peleg Sprague (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Nathaniel Silsbee	Adams	1826 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1829.	√ Nathaniel Silsbee (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	Thomas Hill Williams	Jacksonian	1817 (Elected). 1823 (Re-elected)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1828. Jacksonian hold.	√ Thomas Buck Reed (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Samuel Bell	Adams	1823 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1828 or 1829.	√ Samuel Bell (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	Vacant			Incumbent Jacksonian had resigned January 30, 1829 to be elected to the class 1 seat. Winner elected in 1828. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ Theodore Frelinghuysen (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	John Branch	Jacksonian	1822 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1829.	√ John Branch (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Nehemiah R. Knight	Adams	1821 (Special) 1823 (Re-elected)	Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1829.	√ Nehemiah R. Knight (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	Robert Y. Hayne	Jacksonian	1822 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1828.	√ Robert Y. Hayne (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Hugh Lawson White	Jacksonian	1825 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1829.	√ Hugh Lawson White (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	Littleton Tazewell	Jacksonian	1824 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1829.	√ Littleton Tazewell (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 21st Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1829 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 1)	John Eaton	Jacksonian	1818 (Appointed) ? (Special) 1821 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of War. Winner elected October 19, 1829. Jacksonian hold.	√ Felix Grundy (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia (Class 3)	John M. Berrien	Jacksonian	1825 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Attorney General. Winner elected November 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold.	√ John Forsyth (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina (Class 2)	John Branch	Jacksonian	1822 (Elected) 1828 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Winner elected December 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold.	√ Bedford Brown (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/89 1790/91 1792/93 1794/95 1796/97 1798/99 1800/01 1802/03 1804/05 1806/07 1808/09 1810/11 1812/13 1814/15 1816/17 1818/19 1820/21 1822/23 1824/25 1826/27 1828/29 1830/31 1832/33 1834/35 1836/37 1838/39 1840/41 1842/43 1844/45 1846/47 1848/49 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888/89 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912/13 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

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