United States Senate elections, 1846 and 1847

The United States Senate election of 1846 was an election which had the Democratic Party gain four seats in the United States Senate.

As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results

Senate Party Division, 30th Congress (1847–1849)

Majority Party: Democratic (38)
Minority Party: Whig (21)
Other Parties: Independent Democrat (1)
Total Seats: 60

Change in Senate composition

Senate composition before the elections

D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅	D₄	D₃	D₂	D₁	V₁
D₉	D₁₀	D₁₁	D₁₂	D₁₃	D₁₄	D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈
D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆	D₂₅	D₂₄	D₂₃	D₂₂	D₂₁	D₂₀	D₁₉
D₂₉	← Majority
D₃₀	D₃₁	D₃₂	D₃₃	D₃₄	W₂₂	W₂₁	W₂₀	W₁₉
W₉	W₁₀	W₁₁	W₁₂	W₁₃	W₁₄	W₁₅	W₁₆	W₁₇	W₁₈
W₈	W₇	W₆	W₅	W₄	W₃	W₂	W₁	V₂

Senate composition as a result of the elections

D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆	D₅	D₄	D₃	D₂	D₁
D₁₁	D₁₂	D₁₃	D₁₄	D₁₅	D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀
D₃₀	D₂₉	D₂₈	D₂₇	D₂₆	D₂₅	D₂₄	D₂₃	D₂₂	D₂₁
D₃₁	← Majority
D₃₂	D₃₃	D₃₄	D₃₅	D₃₆	D₃₇	D₃₈	ID₁	W₂₁
W₁₁	W₁₂	W₁₃	W₁₄	W₁₅	W₁₆	W₁₇	W₁₈	W₁₉	W₂₀
W₁₀	W₉	W₈	W₇	W₆	W₅	W₄	W₃	W₂	W₁

Key:

D_#	Democratic
W_#	Whig
ID_#	Independent Democratic
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 29th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1846 or in 1847 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Texas (Class 1)	New State			Texas was admitted to the Union December 29, 1845. Winner elected February 21, 1846. Democratic gain.	√ Thomas Rusk (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas (Class 2)	New State			Texas was admitted to the Union December 29, 1845. Winner elected February 21, 1846. Democratic gain.	√ Sam Houston (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire (Class 2)	Benning W. Jenness	Democratic	1845 (Appointed)	Appointee lost election to finish the term. Winner elected June 13, 1846. Liberty gain. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.	√ Joseph Cilley (Liberty) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana (Class 2)	Alexander Barrow	Whig	1840	Incumbent died December 29, 1846. Winner elected January 21, 1847. Democratic gain. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.	√ Pierre Soulé (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia (Class 1)	Isaac S. Pennybacker	Democratic	1845 (Special)	Incumbent died January 12, 1847. Winner elected January 21, 1847. Democratic hold.	√ James M. Mason (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 30th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1847; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	Dixon Hall Lewis	Democratic	1844 (Appointed)	Incumbent elected to full term in 1847.	√ Dixon Hall Lewis (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas	Chester Ashley	Democratic	1844 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1846.	√ Chester Ashley (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Thomas Clayton	Whig	1837 (Special) 1841	Unknown in incumbent lost re-election or retired. Winner elected in 1846 or 1847. Whig hold.	√ Thomas Clayton (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Wilson Lumpkin	Democratic	1825 1829 (Resigned) 1840 1845 (Resigned) 1845 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John M. Berrien (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	James Semple	Democratic	1843 (Appointed) ? (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1846. Democratic hold.	√ Stephen A. Douglas (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Pierre Soulé	Democratic	1847 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1847. Democratic hold.	√ Solomon W. Downs (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	James T. Morehead	Whig	1841	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1846 or 1847. Whig hold.	√ Joseph R. Underwood (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	George Evans	Democratic	1840	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1846 or 1847. Democratic gain.	√ James W. Bradbury (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	John Davis	Whig	1835 1841 (Resigned) 1845 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1847.	√ John Davis (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Michigan	William Woodbridge	Whig	1841	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in February 1847. Democratic gain.	√ Alpheus Felch (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	Joseph W. Chalmers	Democratic	1845 (Appointed) ? (Special)	Unknown if incumbent lost re-election or retired. Winner elected in 1846 or 1847.	√ Henry S. Foote (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Joseph Cilley	Liberty	1846	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1846. Independent Democratic gain.	√ John P. Hale (Independent Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	Jacob W. Miller	Whig	1840	Incumbent re-elected in 1846.	√ Jacob W. Miller (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	Willie Mangum	Whig	1840 (Special) 1841	Incumbent re-elected in 1847.	√ Willie Mangum (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	James F. Simmons	Whig	1841	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1846 or 1847. Whig hold.	√ John Hopkins Clarke (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	John C. Calhoun	Democratic	1832 (Special) 1834 1840 1843 (Resigned) 1845 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1846.	√ John C. Calhoun (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Spencer Jarnagin	Whig	1843 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Whig loss.	Spencer Jarnagin (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas	Sam Houston	Democratic	1846	Incumbent re-elected in 1847	√ Sam Houston (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	William S. Archer	Whig	1846	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1846. Democratic gain.	√ Robert M. T. Hunter (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 30th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1847 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elected. Winner elected November 22, 1847. Whig gain.	√ John Bell (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Complete list of races

New Hampshire

John P. Hale was elected June 1846 as an Independent Democrat. He would later become a Free Soiler.

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/89 1790/91 1792/93 1794/95 1796/97 1798/99 1800/01 1802/03 1804/05 1806/07 1808/09 1810/11 1812/13 1814/15 1816/17 1818/19 1820/21 1822/23 1824/25 1826/27 1828/29 1830/31 1832/33 1834/35 1836/37 1838/39 1840/41 1842/43 1844/45 1846/47 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888/89 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912/13 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Special elections Election disputes Results by state List of elections in the United States House elections Presidential elections Gubernatorial elections

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