United States Senate elections, 1818 and 1819

Dates vary by state

14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 22 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	25 (65.8%)	13 (34.2%)
Seats before	28 (70.0%)	12 (30.0%)
Seats won	30 (71.4%)	9 (28.6%)
Seat change	2	3
Seats up	11	3

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate election of 1818 and 1819 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results

16th Congress (1819–1821)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (30)

Minority Party: Federalist (10)

Vacant: 2

Total Seats: 42

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after the September 5, 1818 special election in Tennessee.

F₁₁	F₁₂	DR₂₈	DR₂₇	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂
DR₁₀	DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈	DR₁₉	DR₂₀
Majority →									DR₂₁
F₁₀	F₉	F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₂₉ Gain	DR₂₈ Hold	DR₂₇ Hold	DR₂₆ Hold	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Hold	DR₂₃ Hold	DR₂₂ Hold	DR₂₁ Re-elected
									V₁*
DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁	V₂*
DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇* Gain	DR₁₈* Gain Re-elected	DR₁₉ Re-elected
Majority →									DR₂₀ Re-elected
DR₃₀ Gain	V₃*	F₉	F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂
									F₁

Notes:

DR₁₇ and DR₁₈: Two seats were added for the new state of (Illinois):
- The class 2 Illinois seat was won by a Democratic-Republican (DR₁₇).
- The class 3 Illinois seat was also won by a Democratic-Republican (DR₁₈), but he had to face re-election almost immediately in February 1819 for the next term (DR₁₈).
V₁ and V₂: Two Democratic-Republican seats (Georgia class 2 and Kentucky class 2) were not up for election this year, however both Senators resigned at the end of the 15th Congress. The seats began the term vacant and were both filled by Democratic-Repubicans in late 1819.
V₃ (New York seat): Legislature failed to elect. The seat began the term vacant, but the Federalist incumbent would later be elected to the seat in 1820.

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 15th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 1)	Eli Ashmun	Federalist	1816 (Special)	Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818. Winner elected June 5, 1818. Federalist hold.	√ Prentiss Mellen (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia (Class 2)	George M. Troup	Democratic-Republican	1816 (Special) 1816 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818. Winner elected September 23, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont (Class 3)	James Fisk	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Special)	Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. Winner elected October 20, 1818 to both finish the term ending March 3, 1819, and also to the following term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois (Class 2)	New State			New State. Winners elected December 3, 1818 and lots were drawn to assign them to Class 2 and Class 3. The Class 3 Senator had to run again for re-election in 1819. Two Democratic-Republican gains.	√ Ninian Edwards (Class 3, Democratic-Republican) First ballot^[1] √ Jesse B. Thomas (Class 2, Democratic-Republican) Fourth ballot Leonard White Michael Jones Joseph M. Street Robert Morrison
Illinois (Class 3)	New State

Races leading to the 16th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	David Daggett	Federalist	1813 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1818 or 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ James Lanman (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Charles Tait	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special) 1813 (Re-elected)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1818 or 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Elliot (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	Ninian Edwards	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected in February 1819.^[1]	√ Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes Michael Jones 19 votes^[1]
Indiana	Waller Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1816 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1818.	√ Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Isham Talbot	Democratic-Republican	1814 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1818 or 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Logan (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Eligius Fromentin	Democratic-Republican	1813 (Elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1818 or 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Brown (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	Robert Henry Goldsborough	Federalist	1813 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 28.41% William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) 27.84% Charles Carroll (Federalist) 21.02% Robert H. Goldsborough (Federalist) 19.32% Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 2.27% Samuel Smith (Unknown) 0.57% John Graham (Democratic-Republican) 0.57%^[2]
New Hampshire	Clement Storer	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1818 or 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Fabyan Parrott (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York (election link)	Rufus King	Federalist	1813 (Elected)	style="background:#999999" \| Incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect, and the seat became vacant. Federalist loss. Incumbent would later be elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.	John C. Spencer (Democratic-Republican: Clintonian) Samuel Young (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail) Rufus King (Federalist) John Van Ness Yates (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail)
North Carolina	Nathaniel Macon	Democratic-Republican	1815 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1819.^[3]	√ Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio	Jeremiah Morrow	Democratic-Republican	1812 (Elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1818 or 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Trimble (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania	Abner Lacock	Democratic-Republican	1812 (Elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected December 8, 1818.^[4] Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Walter Lowrie (Democratic-Republican) 67.97% Isaac Weaver, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 25.00% Not Voting 6.25% John Tod (Democratic-Republican) 0.78%^[4]
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic-Republican	1812 (Elected)	Incumbent re-elected in 1818.^[5]	√ John Gaillard [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont	William Palmer	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Elected)	James Fisk (DR) had resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. Winner elected October 20, 1818 to both finish the term ending March 3, 1819, see above, and also to the following term. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 16th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 2)	John Forsyth	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Special)	Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain. Winner elected November 6, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Freeman Walker (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky (Class 2)	John Crittenden	Democratic-Republican	1816 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice. Winner elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama (Class 2)	New State			New State. Winner elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ William R. King (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama (Class 3)	New State			New State. Winner elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ John W. Walker (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 1)	Alexander Hanson	Federalist	1816 (Special)	Incumbent died April 23, 1819. Winner elected December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) (2nd-place finisher to Edward Lloyd in a combined election in which both Lloyd and Pinkney were elected to the state's two seats.^[2]
Virginia (Class 2)	John Eppes	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Elected)	Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health. Winner elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

1 2 3 Buck, Solon J. (1917). Bill Thayer, ed. "Illinois in 1818". University of Illinois Press. p. 304. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
1 2 "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 30, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
↑ "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
1 2 "PA US Senate". Our Campaigns. December 20, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
↑ "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

United States Senate elections

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