Uniform Time Act

Uniform Time Act

Long title	An Act to promote the observance of a uniform system of time throughout the United States.
Nicknames	Uniform Time Act of 1966
Enacted by	the 89th United States Congress
Effective	April 13, 1966
Citations
Public law	89-387
Statutes at Large	80 Stat. 107
Codification
Acts amended	Standard Time Act of 1918
Titles amended	15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade
U.S.C. sections created	15 U.S.C. ch. 6 Subchapter IX §§ 260–267
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 1404 Passed the House on March 16, 1966 (292–93, in lieu of H.R. 6785) Reported by the joint conference committee on March 30, 1966; agreed to by the House on March 30, 1966 (282–91) and by the on   Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 13, 1966

The Uniform Time Act of 1966, Pub.L. 89–387, 80 Stat. 107, enacted April 13, 1966, was a United States federal law to "promote the adoption and observance of uniform time within the standard time zones" prescribed by the Standard Time Act of 1918. Its intended effect was to simplify the official pattern of where and when daylight saving time (DST) is applied within the U.S. Prior to this law, each state worked out its own scheme for the dates of beginning and ending DST, and in some cases, which parts of the state should use it.^[1]

History

The law as originally written required states that observe DST to begin it at 02:00 local time on the last Sunday in April and to end it at 02:00 local time on the last Sunday in October and explicitly preempted all state laws related to daylight saving time per the weights and measures power given to Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. The law was later amended in 1986 to move the uniform start date for DST to the first Sunday in April (effective 1987). The latest amendment, part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, extends DST by four or five weeks by moving the uniform start date for DST to the second Sunday in March and the end date to the first Sunday in November (effective 2007). The Department of Energy was required to report to Congress the impact of the DST extension by December 1, 2007 (nine months after the statute took effect). The report, released in October 2008, reported a nationwide electricity savings of 0.03% for the year of 2007.^[2]

Specifications

The law does not necessarily require that all states observe DST. Individual states may exempt themselves from DST and observe standard time year-round by passing a state law, provided:

• if the state lies entirely within a time zone, that the exemption apply statewide, or
• if the state is divided by a time zone boundary, that the exemption apply statewide or to the entire part of the state on one side of the boundary.

While there are a few areas where de facto differences within states exist, the overall pattern is simple enough, and close enough to actual practice, that it is effective and efficient to learn the basic pattern (for repeat travelers and repeat users of long-distance telephone service) and to mention the fact to those likely to be affected by it (for those living or working in areas where de facto exceptions apply).

Non-observers

Arizona time zones

The most notable exception is that Arizona and Hawaii have chosen not to use DST statewide. The U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Samoa and Northern Mariana Islands do not follow DST.^[3] The various Native American nations within Arizona have the right to use DST, or not use it, as they see fit. The Navajo Nation has chosen to use DST throughout its territory, which includes parts of New Mexico and Utah. If it did not, then the Navajo Nation would lack a uniform time during the summer months. On the other hand, the Hopi Nation, whose territory is surrounded by that of the Navajo Nation, and is entirely within the boundaries of the State of Arizona, has chosen not to use DST.

See also

• 1918 Standard Time Act

References