Unibranch local ring
In algebraic geometry, a local ring A is said to be unibranch if the reduced ring Ared (obtained by quotienting A by its nilradical) is an integral domain, and the integral closure B of Ared is also a local ring. A unibranch local ring is said to be geometrically unibranch if the residue field of B is a purely inseparable extension of the residue field of Ared. A complex variety X is called topologically unibranch at a point x if for all complements Y of closed algebraic subsets of X there is a fundamental system of neighborhoods (in the classical topology) of x whose intersection with Y is connected.
In particular, a normal ring is unibranch. The notions of unibranch and geometrically unibranch points are used in some theorems in algebraic geometry. For example, there is the following result:
Theorem (EGA, 4.3.7) Let X and Y be two integral locally noetherian schemes and a proper dominant morphism. Denote their function fields by K(X) and K(Y), respectively. Suppose that the algebraic closure of K(Y) in K(X) has separable degree n and that is unibranch. Then the fiber has at most n connected components. In particular, if f is birational, then the fibers of unibranch points are connected.
In EGA, the theorem is obtained as a corollary of Zariski's main theorem.
References
- Grothendieck, Alexandre; Dieudonné, Jean (1961). "Eléments de géométrie algébrique: III. Étude cohomologique des faisceaux cohérents, Première partie" Check
value (help). Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 11. doi:10.1007/bf02684274. MR 0217085.|url=