Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'
| Ulmus minor | |
|---|---|
 'Umbraculifera', Netherlands. | |
| Cultivar | 'Umbraculifera' |
| Origin | Iran |
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' was originally cultivated in Iran, where it was widely planted as an ornamental, and occasionally grew to a great size. Litvinov considered it a cultivar of a wild elm with a dense crown that he called U. densa, from the mountains of Turkestan, Ferghana, and Aksu. [1][2] Non-rounded forms of Umbraculifera are also found in Isfahan Province, Iran.[3] Zielińksi in Flora Iranica considered it an U. minor cultivar.[4]
Description
The tree is distinguished by its dense, rounded, sometimes flat-topped habit.[5][6] In its rounded form it is always grafted onto U. minor standards. [1]
Pests and diseases
The tree is as vulnerable to Dutch elm disease as the species; a specimen at the Ryston Hall , Norfolk, arboretum, obtained from the Späth nursery before 1914,[7] was killed by the earlier strain of the disease in the 1930s.
Cultivation
The tree was introduced to the Caucasus, Armenia and Turkestan,[1] and it remains in cultivation in central and south-west Asia.[3] 'Umbraculifera' was introduced to Europe in 1878 by the Späth nursery in Berlin, which had obtained it from a German gardener in the employ of the Shah of Persia, and it was subsequently planted along streets in Berlin.[1][8]
Bean remarked that the tree succeeded well on the continent (Europe) and in eastern North America, but was rarely planted in the UK.[9] Introduced to Australia, the tree was marketed in the early 20th century by the Gembrook Nursery near Melbourne and by Searl's Garden Emporium, Sydney, but it is not known whether the tree survives in that country. Despite its susceptibility to Dutch elm disease, it remains in commercial cultivation in Belgium and the Netherlands.
Notable trees
An avenue of the trees once grew at the Russian imperial estate of Murgrab at Bairam-ali near Merv, formerly Russian Turkestan.
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Avenue of 'Umbraculifera', Murgrab imperial estate.
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'Umbraculifera' in Margilan, Uzbekistan.
Synonymy
- Karagatch, also applied to the hybrid cultivar Ulmus 'Karagatch'.
- Narwan: The common name for 'elm' in Persian, nār-van [:elm-tree], confusingly similar to the local name for the pomegranate, anār-van [:pomegranate-tree]. In Tehran, Umbraculifera is called nārvan-e čatrī [:canopy-like elm].[3]
- Ulmus densa var. bubyriana: Litv., Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 6: 163, no. 1991, t.1, 2, 1908 and Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 8: 23, no. 2444, t. 2, 1922 resp. In the latter, Litvinov described it from a cultivated tree in Samarkand.[8]
- Ulmus turkestanica: Regel in Gartenflora 33: 28. 1884.
Hybrid cultivars
Accessions
Europe
Nurseries
Europe
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', Ochten, Netherlands .
- Kwekerij Johan Van Herreweghe , Schellebelle, Belgium.
- Jacobs Plantencentrum , Venlo, Netherlands
- Kwekerij De Reebock , Zwalm, Belgium.
- Tuincentrum Semperflorens , Roosendaal, Netherlands.
- Tuincentrum Vechtweelde , Maarssen, Netherlands.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Elwes, H. J., & Henry, A., (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII, p.1893. Private publication, Edinburgh, 1913.
- ↑ Photograph by Frank Nicholas Meyer of probable wild form of U. densa, via.lib.harvard.edu
- 1 2 3 Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'Elm', (6): iranicaonline.org/articles/elm
- ↑ J. Zielińksi, 'Ulmaceae', Flora Iranica, ed. K. H. Rechinger (Graz, 1979)
- ↑ 'Elms grown in America', Arnoldia, arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu, 7 December 1951, p.87 [arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/.../1951-11--elms-grown-in-america.pdfCachedSimilar]
- ↑ Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' photographs, Michigan State University Plant Encyclopedia
- ↑ Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue, circa 1920
- 1 2 Green, P. S. (1964). Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus. Arnoldia, Vol. 24. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University.
- ↑ Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.