Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
← 1934–1990 →
Flag Coat of arms
Capital		Izhevsk
Political structure		Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
History
•	Established	1934
•	Disestablished	1990

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History of Udmurtia
Volga Bulgaria Mongol invasion Golden Horde Khanate of Kazan Ar begs Muscovy Kazan Governorate Udmurt Autonomous Oblast Udmurt ASSR Udmurt Republic

The Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Udmurt: Удмурт Автономной Советской Социалистической Республика Udmurt Avtonomnoj Sovetskoj Socialistićeskoj Respublika;^[1] Russian: Удмуртская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика^[1]) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union, named after the Udmurt people.^[2][3][4] It was formed on 4 November 1920 as the Votyak Autonomous Oblast ("Votyak" is an obsolete name for Udmurts, "Vot" being the obsolete name for Udmurt people) and renamed as the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast in 1932.^[5] On 28 December 1934,^[1] the oblast was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, but did not become a full member of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1936.^[4][6]

In 1937, the Constitution of Udmurtia was created and the Supreme Soviet of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic gained power. The Supreme Council of Udmurtia declared state sovereignty on 20 September 1990^[4] and the Udmurt ASSR was renamed as the Udmurt Republic on 11 October 1991.^[2]

History

On 27 October 1917, the Bolsheviks gained power in Izhevsk and established a territorial government. The First Congress resolved to join the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in June 1918. In April 1919, Udmurtia was seized by Alexander Kolchak. The Red Army removed Kolchak from power 2 months later, in June 1919. In 1920, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR established the Votskaya Autonomous Region. In 1932, the Votskaya Autonomous Region was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous Region.^[7] On 27 February 1921 the first Regional Communist Conference declared the territory to be an autonomous region.^[8]

Under the five-year plans from 1929 to 1940, Udmurtia became industrialised. By 1940, literature and professional art grew, and educational and scientific institutions were created. In March 1937 the Second Congress ratified the Udmurt constitution.^[6]

During World War II, the workers of Udmurtia produced weapons for the Red Army.^[6][3] Udmurtia produced 11,000,000 rifles and carbines in the war, surpassing Germany's industry output.^[4] Industrial factories were evacuated from Ukraine to Udmurtia, thus increasing the ethnic Russian population and stimulating economic growth. In 1969, oil plants were established in Udmurtia.^[3]

See also

• Udmurt Republic
• Autonomous Republics of the Soviet Union
• First Secretary of the Udmurt Communist Party

References

• Soviet Union: A country study. Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress of the USA.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union By name Abkhaz Adjar Bashkir Buryat1 Chechen-Ingush Chuvash Crimean Dagestan Gorno-Altai Kabardin Kabardino-Balkar Kalmyk Karakalpak Karelian Kazak2 Kirghiz2 Kirghiz Komi Mari Moldavian Mordovian Mountain Nakhchivan North Ossetian Tajik Tatar Turkestan Tuva Udmurt Volga German Yakut By year established     1918–1924  Turkestan 1918–1941  Volga German 1919–1990  Bashkir 1920–1925  Kirghiz2 1920–1990  Tatar 1921–1990  Adjar 1921–1945  Crimean 1921–1991  Dagestan 1921–1924  Mountain 1921–1990  Nakhchivan 1922–1991  Yakut 1923–1990  Buryat1 1923–1940  Karelian 1924–1940  Moldavian 1924–1929  Tajik 1925–1992  Chuvash 1925–1936  Kazak2 1926–1936  Kirghiz 1931–1991  Abkhaz 1932–1992  Karakalpak 1934–1990  Mordovian 1934–1990  Udmurt 1935–1943  Kalmyk 1936–1944  Chechen-Ingush 1936–1944  Kabardino-Balkar 1936–1990  Komi 1936–1990  Mari 1936–1990  North Ossetian 1944–1957  Kabardin 1956–1991  Karelian 1957–1990  Chechen-Ingush 1957–1991  Kabardino-Balkar 1958–1990  Kalmyk 1961–1992  Tuva 1990–1991  Gorno-Altai 1991–1992  Crimean 1 Buryat–Mongol until 1958. 2 Kazak ASSR was called Kirghiz ASSR until 1925.