Tylomelania
| Tylomelania | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Apertural view of a shell of Tylomelania neritiformis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Sorbeoconcha |
| Superfamily: | Cerithioidea |
| Family: | Pachychilidae |
| Genus: | Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897[1] |
| Diversity[2][3][4] | |
| 46 described species | |
Tylomelania is a genus of freshwater snails which have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pachychilidae.
A sister group (the closest relative) of Tylomelania is genus Pseudopotamis (2 species living on the Torres Strait Islands).[5] Tylomelania and Pseudopotamis split in the Middle Miocene c. 19.5 Mya.[5]
Distribution
Distribution map of Tylomelania (red area) cover the majority of Sulawesi. Grey area with dashed line is showing Wallacea.
These freshwater snails are endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia,[2] with the vast majority restricted to Lake Poso and the Malili Lake system (consisting of Matano and Towuti, and the smaller Lontoa (Wawantoa), Mahalona, Masapi).[6]
They probably cannot live at an altitude above about 700 m.[5]
Species
There were known 34 described species in 2005.[2] Thomas von Rintelen with colleagues described 15 new species of Tylomelania in 2003-2008.
Tylomelania species diversification started in c. 5.4 Mya and was probably caused by the late Miocene and Pliocene orogeny.[5]
Species within the genus Tylomelania include:
- Tylomelania abendanoni (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania amphiderita von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania bakara von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003[2][7]
- Tylomelania baskasti von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008[4]
- Tylomelania carbo Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897[2]
- Tylomelania carota (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania celebicola (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania centaurus (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania confusa von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania connectens Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898[2]
- Tylomelania gemmifera (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania hannelorae von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008[4]
- Tylomelania helmuti von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003[2][7]
- Tylomelania inconspicua von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania insulaesacrae (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania kristinae von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania kruimeli von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003[2][7]
- Tylomelania kuli (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania lalemae (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania mahalonensis (Kruimel, 1913)[3] - synonym: Tylomelania mahalonica (Kruimel, 1913)[3]
- Tylomelania marwotoae von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania masapensis (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania matannensis von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania molesta (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania monacha (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1899)[2]
- Tylomelania neritiformis Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 - type species[2]
- Tylomelania palicolarum (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania patriarchalis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania perconica (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania perfecta (Mousson, 1849)[2]
- Tylomelania porcellanica Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897[2]
- Tylomelania robusta (Martens, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania sarasinorum (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania scalariopsis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania sinabartfeldi von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008[4]
- Tylomelania solitaria
- Tylomelania tominangensis (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania tomoriensis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)[2]
- Tylomelania toradjarum (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania towutensis (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
- Tylomelania towutica (Kruimel, 1913)[2]
- Tylomelania turriformis von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania wallacei (Reeve, 1860)[2]
- Tylomelania wesseli von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania wolterecki von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007[3]
- Tylomelania zeamais (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)[2]
Description
In species within this genus, the albumen gland is very large.[2] Pallial oviduct evolved into an uterine brood (that release shelled juvenile snails).[2]
Comparison of apertural views of shells of fourteen Tylomelania species (images are not to scale):
Ecology
Species in the genus Tylomelania are ovoviviparous.[2] Newly hatched snails of some species of Tylomelania measure nearly 2 cm and are the largest newly hatched viviparous gastropods.[2]
References
- ↑ Sarasin P. & Sarasin F. (1897). "Über die Molluskenfauna der großen Süßwasser-Seen von Central-Celebes". Zoologischer Anzeiger 539/540: 308-320. page 317.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2005). "Anatomy of an adaptive radiation: a unique reproductive strategy in the endemic freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) on Sulawesi, Indonesia and its biogeographical implications." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85: 513–542. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00515.x.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 von Rintelen, Bouchet P. & Glaubrecht M. (2007). "Ancient lakes as hotspots of diversity: a morphological review of an endemic species flock of Tylomelania (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) in the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia". Hydrobiologia 592:11-94. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-0765-8.
- 1 2 3 4 von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2008). "Three new species of the freshwater snail genus Tylomelania (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system, Sulawesi, Indonesia". Zootaxa 1852: 37-49. PDF.
- 1 2 3 4 von Rintelen T., Stelbrink B. Marwoto R. M. & Glaubrecht M. (2014). "A Snail Perspective on the Biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Origin and Intra-Island Dispersal of the Viviparous Freshwater Gastropod Tylomelania". PLoS ONE 9(6): e98917. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098917.
- ↑ von Rintelen T., von Rintelen K. & Glaubrecht M. (2010). "The species flock of the viviparous freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Mollusca: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) in the ancient lakes of Sulawesi, Indonesia: the role of geography, trophic morphology and colour as driving forces in adaptive radiation." pp. 485-512 in: Glaubrecht, M. & Schneider H. eds. (2010). Evolution in Action: Adaptive Radiations and the Origins of Biodiversity. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 1 2 3 von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2003). "New discoveries in old lakes: three new species of Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia". Journal of Molluscan Studies 69(1): 3-17. doi:10.1093/mollus/69.1.3
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tylomelania. |
- "Tylomelania". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
- von Rintelen T., Wilson A. B., Meyer A. & Glaubrecht M. (2004). "Escalation and trophic specialization drive adaptive radiation of freshwater gastropods in ancient lakes on Sulawesi, Indonesia". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271: 2541-2549. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2842.
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