1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision
 A Mk 15 nuclear bomb of the type lost when jettisoned after the collision | |
| Midair Collision summary | |
|---|---|
| Date | February 5, 1958 |
| Summary | Midair collision |
| Site |
Tybee Island, Georgia, United States 32°0′N 80°51′W / 32.000°N 80.850°WCoordinates: 32°0′N 80°51′W / 32.000°N 80.850°W |
| First aircraft | |
| Type | Boeing B-47 |
| Operator | United States Air Force |
| Registration | 51-2349 |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Second aircraft | |
| Type | F-86 Sabre |
| Operator | United States Air Force |
| Crew | 1 |
| Survivors | 1 |
The Tybee Island B-47 crash was an incident on February 5, 1958, in which the United States Air Force lost a 7,600-pound (3,400 kg) Mark 15 nuclear bomb in the waters off Tybee Island near Savannah, Georgia, United States. During a practice exercise, an F-86 fighter plane collided with the B-47 bomber carrying the bomb. To protect the aircrew from a possible detonation in the event of a crash, the bomb was jettisoned. Following several unsuccessful searches, the bomb was presumed lost somewhere in Wassaw Sound off the shores of Tybee Island.
Midair collision
The B-47 bomber was on a simulated combat mission from Homestead Air Force Base in Florida. It was carrying a single 7,600-pound (3,400 kg) bomb. At about 2:00 AM, an F-86 fighter collided with the B-47. The F-86 crashed, after the pilot ejected from the plane. The damaged B-47 remained airborne, plummeting 18,000 feet (5,500 m) from flight level 380 (38,000 feet (12,000 m)) when Major Richardson regained flight control.[1][2]
The crew requested permission to jettison the bomb, in order to reduce weight and prevent the bomb from exploding during an emergency landing. Permission was granted, and the bomb was jettisoned at 7,200 feet (2,200 m) while the bomber was traveling at about 200 knots (370 km/h). The crew did not see an explosion when the bomb struck the sea. They managed to land the B-47 safely at the nearest base, Hunter Air Force Base. The pilot, Colonel Howard Richardson, was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross after this incident.[2]
Bomb
Some sources describe the bomb as a functional nuclear weapon, but others describe it as disabled. If the bomb had a plutonium nuclear core installed, it was a fully functional weapon. If the bomb had a dummy core installed, it was incapable of producing a nuclear explosion but could still produce a conventional explosion. The 12-foot (4 m) long Mark 15 bomb weighs 7,600 pounds (3,400 kg) and bears the serial number 47782. It contains 400 pounds (180 kg) of conventional high explosives and highly enriched uranium.[3] The Air Force maintains that the bomb's nuclear capsule, used to initiate the nuclear reaction, was removed before its flight aboard B-47.[4] As noted in the Atomic Energy Commission "Form AL-569 Temporary Custodian Receipt (for maneuvers)", signed by the aircraft commander, the bomb contained a simulated 150-pound cap made of lead.[5] But according to 1966 Congressional testimony by then Assistant Secretary of Defense W.J. Howard, the Tybee Island bomb was a "complete weapon, a bomb with a nuclear capsule," and one of two weapons lost by that time that contained a plutonium trigger.[6][7] Nevertheless, a study of the Strategic Air Command documents indicates that in February 1958, Alert Force test flights (with the older Mark 15 payloads) were not authorized to fly with nuclear capsules on board. Such approval was pending deployment of safer "sealed-pit nuclear capsule" weapons that did not begin deployment until June 1958.[8]
If a nuclear detonation had occurred, the possible blast effects would include a fireball with a radius of 1.2 miles (2 km) and thermal radiation causing third degree burns for ten times that distance.[9]
Recovery efforts
Starting on February 6, 1958, the Air Force 2700th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Squadron and 100 Navy personnel equipped with hand held sonar and galvanic drag and cable sweeps mounted a search. On April 16, the military announced the search had been unsuccessful. Based on a hydrologic survey, the bomb was thought by the Department of Energy to lie buried under 5 to 15 feet (2 to 5 m) of silt at the bottom of Wassaw Sound.[4]
In 2004, retired Air Force Lt. Colonel Derek Duke claimed to have narrowed the possible resting spot of the bomb to a small area approximately the size of a football field. He and his partner located the area by trawling in their boat with a Geiger counter in tow. Secondary radioactive particles four times naturally occurring levels were detected and mapped, and the site of radiation origination triangulated. Subsequent investigations found the source of the radiation was natural, originating from monazite deposits.[10]
Ongoing concerns
To date, no undue levels of unnatural radioactive contamination have been detected in the regional Upper Floridan aquifer by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (over and above the already high levels thought to be due to monazite, a locally occurring sand that is naturally radioactive).[11][12]
In popular media
A satirical "news" website ran a story in February 2015 stating the bomb was found by vacationing Canadian divers and that the bomb had since been removed from the bay. The fake story spread widely via social media.[13]
See also
Notes
- ↑ Boeing B-47 Stratojet
- 1 2 BBC News, Missing for 50 years - US nuclear bomb (22 June 2009)
- ↑ "Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons". Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
- 1 2 "Air Force Search & Recovery Assessment of the 1958 Savannah,B-47 Accident" (PDF). Air Force Nuclear Weapons and Counterproliferation Agency (PDF). 12 April 2001. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
- ↑ The Nuclear Information Project, Form AL-569, "Temporary Custodian Receipt (for maneuvers)," to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Albuquerque Operations, from James W. Twitty, Col., U.S. Air Force, February 4, 1958. Released under FOIA. (PDF) Archived November 3, 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ CounterPunch.org, When We Almost Nuked Savannah: The Case of the Missing H-Bomb (15 May 2009) Archived July 3, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ NPR Media, Letter of W.J. Howard, Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy), to the Chairman of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States (22 April 1966). (PDF) Page 1, Page2.
- ↑ The Nuclear Information Project, History of the Strategic Air Command 1 January 1958 - 30 June 1958. Released under FOIA. (PDF) Archived July 9, 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ NukeMap, nuclearsecrecy.com
- ↑ Lost H-bomb:RIP
- ↑ America's Lost H Bomb, Discovery's Science Channel documentary about the Tybee Bomb (2007)
- ↑ Chatham County Public Works and Park Services, Drinking Water Quality Consumer Confidence Report (2007) Archived August 9, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Georgia Warhead". snopes.com. Snopes. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
References
- "Air Force Search & Recovery Assessment of the 1958 Savannah, GA B-47 Accident" (PDF). Air Force Nuclear Weapons and Counterproliferation Agency (PDF). 12 April 2001. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- Shaughnessy, Larry (September 13, 2004). "Lost Bomb". USA. CNN. Retrieved 5 February 2008.
- Bell, Brett (14 September 2004). "Savannah NOW". Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- Carter, Chelsea (3 May 2004). "The Seattle Times". Retrieved 14 September 2004.
- Welsh, Edward (21 August 2001). "Common Dreams News Center". Archived from the original on 13 October 2004. Retrieved 16 September 2004.
- Michael H. Maggelet and James C. Oskins, "Broken Arrow: The Declassified History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents". ISBN 978-1-4357-0361-2.
External links
- Tybeebomb.com, Informational site about the Tybee Bomb
- America's Lost H Bomb, Marabella Productions & Discovery's Science Channel documentary about the Tybee Bomb (2007)
- NPR, For 50 Years, Nuclear Bomb Lost in Watery Grave (3 February 2008)
- BBC News, Missing for 50 years - US nuclear bomb (22 June 2009)
- The Nuclear Information Project, Nuclear Bomb Dropped in Georgia; No Nuclear Capsule Inserted, Documents Show (2004)
- Strategic-Air-Command.com, Chart of nuclear bombs, including the Mark 15
- Chasing Loose Nukes by Col. Derek Duke (as told to Fred Dungan)
- Broken Arrow, BBC audio programme on the Tybee Bomb, streaming audio
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