Twinkie

Twinkies

Whole and split Twinkies
Type	Snack cake
Place of origin	United States
Region or state	River Forest, Illinois (Chicago, Illinois)
Creator	James Dewar
Main ingredients	Wheat flour, sugar, corn syrup, niacin, water, high fructose corn syrup, Eggs, shortening, and others
Cookbook: Twinkies  Media: Twinkies

A Twinkie is an American snack cake, marketed as a "Golden Sponge Cake with Creamy Filling." It was formerly made and distributed by Hostess Brands. The brand is currently owned by private equity firms Apollo Global Management and C. Dean Metropoulos and Company. During bankruptcy proceedings, Twinkie production was suspended on November 21, 2012, and resumed after an absence of several weeks on American store shelves, becoming available again nationwide on July 15, 2013.^[1][2]

Twinkies are produced in Canada by Saputo Incorporated's Vachon Inc. (at a bakery in Montreal) which owns the Canadian rights to the product and were still available during the absence in the U.S. market.^[3][4] Twinkies are also available in Mexican stores as "Submarinos" and "Twinkies" made by Marinela, and as "Tuinky" made by Wonder; both Marinela and Wonder are subsidiaries of Mexican bread company Grupo Bimbo.^[5][6] In Egypt, which does not permit imports of the snack cake from other countries, Twinkies are produced under the company Edita. Twinkies are also available in the United Kingdom under the Hostess brand name and sold in Tesco and B&M home stores.

History

Box of Hostess Twinkies by Saputo Incorporated (in production)

Twinkies were invented in Schiller Park, Illinois^[7] on April 6, 1930, by James Alexander Dewar, a baker for the Continental Baking Company.^[8] Realizing that several machines used to make cream-filled strawberry shortcake sat idle when strawberries were out of season, Dewar conceived a snack cake filled with banana cream, which he dubbed the Twinkie.^[9] Ritchy Koph said he came up with the name when he saw a billboard in St. Louis for "Twinkle Toe Shoes".^[10] During World War II, bananas were rationed and the company was forced to switch to vanilla cream. This change proved popular, and banana-cream Twinkies were not widely re-introduced. The original flavor was occasionally found in limited-time promotions, but the company used strawberry cream for most Twinkies.^[11] In 1988, Fruit and Cream Twinkies were introduced with a strawberry filling swirled into the cream. The product was soon dropped.^[12] Vanilla's dominance over banana flavoring would be challenged in 2005, following a month-long promotion of the movie King Kong. Hostess saw its Twinkie sales rise 20 percent during the promotion, and in 2007 restored the banana-cream Twinkie to its snack lineup.^[13]

Hostess bankruptcy

On January 11, 2012,^[14] parent company Hostess filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.^[10] Twinkie sales for the year ended December 25, 2011, were 36 million packages, down almost 20% from a year earlier.^[10] Hostess said customers had migrated to healthier foods.^[10] On November 16, 2012, Hostess officially announced that it "will be winding down operations and has filed a motion with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court seeking permission to close its business and sell its assets, including its iconic brands and facilities." Bakery operations were suspended at all plants.^[15]

Box of Hostess Twinkies by Hostess Brands

On November 19, 2012, Hostess and the Bakers Union agreed to mediation, delaying the shutdown for two days. On November 21, 2012, U.S. bankruptcy judge Robert Drain approved Hostess' request to shutdown, temporarily ending Twinkie production in the United States.^[16]

Return of Twinkies to U.S. market

On March 12, 2013, it was reported that Twinkies would return to store shelves in May of that year. Twinkies, along with other famed Hostess Brands, were purchased out of bankruptcy by Apollo Global Management and Metropoulos & Co for $410 million.^[17][18] Twinkies returned to U.S. shelves on July 15, 2013.^[19]

Before Hostess Brands filed for bankruptcy, Twinkies were reduced in size. They now contain 135 calories and have a mass of 38.5 grams, while the original Twinkies contained 150 calories and had a mass of 42.5 grams. The new Twinkies also have a longer shelf life of 45 days, which was also a change made before bankruptcy, compared to the 26 days of the original Twinkies.^[20]

Use as an ingredient

Twinkies have notably been used as a component ingredient in other dishes.

Deep-fried Twinkie

A deep-fried Twinkie

A deep-fried Twinkie involves freezing the cake, dipping it into batter, and deep-frying it to create a variation on the traditional snack cake. In a story in The New York Times speaking of the Deep Fried Twinkie with its inventor, Christopher Sell, who is originally from Rugby, England, it was described in this way: "Something magical occurs when the pastry hits the hot oil. The creamy white vegetable shortening filling liquefies, impregnating the sponge cake with its luscious vanilla flavour.... The cake itself softens and warms, nearly melting, contrasting with the crisp, deep-fried crust in a buttery and suave way. The pièce de résistance, however, is a ruby-hued berry sauce, adding a tart sophistication to all that airy sugary goodness".^[21] The Texas State Fair had introduced the fried Twinkie to great popular acclaim, and the notion spread to other state fairs across the U.S., as well as some establishments that specialize in fried foods.^[22] Fried Twinkies are sold throughout the U.S. in fairs as well as ball games, and in various restaurants.

Twinkie wiener sandwich

A scene from the 1989 film UHF shows the creation of "Weird Al" Yankovic's signature food, the "Twinkie Wiener Sandwich". The snack consists of an overturned Twinkie split open as a makeshift bun, a hot dog, and Easy Cheese put together and dipped in milk before eating. Yankovic has stated that he has switched to using tofu hot dogs since becoming a vegetarian, but still enjoys the occasional Twinkie Wiener Sandwich.^[23]

Cakes and pies

Twinkies can be used in recipes as quick substitute for sponge cake. In 2013, Fox News published a list of best Twinkie recipes, which included a tiramisu and Paula Deen's "Twinkie pie".^[24]

Twinkies, as-is or split lengthwise, can also be used as the cake in the strawberry shortcake dessert.

The chocolate creme from the middle of double chocolate bismarcks or other such pasties can be removed from the pastry and used to replace that which comes in the middle of the Twinkie.

Cultural references

Twinkie defense

The Twinkie defense is a pejorative term for a criminal defendant's claim that some unusual factor (such as allergies, coffee, nicotine, or sugar) diminished the defendant's responsibility for the alleged crime. The term arose from Herb Caen's description of the trial of Dan White, who was convicted in the fatal shootings of San Francisco mayor George Moscone and city supervisor Harvey Milk in 1978. During the trial, psychiatrist Martin Blinder testified that White had suffered from depression, causing diminished capacity. As an example of this, he mentioned that White, formerly a health food advocate, had begun eating junk food.^[9]

Song lyrics

John Fogerty's 2004 album Deja Vu All Over Again includes the satirical and somewhat world-weary song "Nobody's Here Anymore", which ponders people's infatuation with modern technology and its ever more sophisticated consumer devices. "He got a stash of Twinkies up in his room" is a line lamenting the self-absorption and social isolation of the protagonist of the song's first verse. Twinkies are also one of the products mentioned in Junk Food Junkie, a Top 40 1976 novelty song by Larry Groce. In "Habits (Stay High)", a 2013 song by Swedish singer Tove Lo, Twinkies are mentioned in the line "I get home, I got the muchies / Binge on all my Twinkies / Throw up in the tub / Then I go to sleep".^[25] The singer confessed that she thought that "twinkie" was a synonym for "cookie" and that Hostess had sent her the product after the success of the song.^[26]

Shelf life

A common urban legend claims that Twinkies have an infinite shelf life, and can last unspoiled for a relatively long time of ten, fifty, or one hundred years due to the chemicals used in their production.^[27]

In reality, Twinkies are on the shelf for a short time; a company executive told the New York Times in 2000 that the "Twinkie is on the shelf no more than 7 to 10 days."^[28] The maximum shelf life was reported to have been 26 days, until improvements made beginning in 2012 increased it to 45 days.^[29]

Twinkie diet

In 2010, Kansas State University professor Mark Haub went on a "convenience store" diet consisting mainly of Twinkies, Oreos, and Doritos in an attempt to demonstrate to his students "that in weight loss, pure calorie counting is what matters most, not the nutritional value of the food". He lost 27 pounds over a two-month period, returning his body mass index (BMI) to within normal range.^[30][31] In addition to Twinkies, Haub ate Little Debbie snack cakes, cereals, cookies, brownies, Doritos, Oreos and other kinds of high calorie, low-nutrition foods that are usually found at convenience stores. However, he supplemented this diet daily with a multivitamin, a protein shake and fresh vegetables.^[32]

Because of their cake-like consistency and high energy density, Twinkies, other Hostess products, as well as Zingers, a Twinkie analogue, and other items of this type were mentioned as good optional food item in the semi-underground book The Pop & Chocolate Milk Diet,^[33] which focuses on a high liquid percentage intake along with supplements, with a central idea being pre-empting hunger pangs by coating, inflating, and/or filling up (as with crackers, for example) the stomach.^[34] It can be said that a somewhat similar conclusion to that of Dr Haub was reached by the authors and speakers on the diet.^[33]

See also

References

Further reading

• Ettlinger, Steve (2008). Twinkie, Deconstructed. Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-28928-4. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Twinkies.

• Products Page on Hostess' website
• The T.W.I.N.K.I.E.S. Project
• Twinkies at 75: munch 'em, fry 'em, save 'em for years, The Christian Science Monitor
• Weird Al Yankovic making a Twinkie wiener sandwich at YouTube

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