Triuridaceae
| Triuridaceae | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Sciaphila secundiflora | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| Order: | Pandanales |
| Family: | Triuridaceae Gardner[1] |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Triuridaceae is a family of tropical and subtropical flowering plants, including members which lack chlorophyll and are mycotrophic (obtain food by digesting intracellular fungi). The saprophytic lifestyle of these plants has resulted in a loss of xylem vessels and stomata, and a reduction of leaves to scales.[2]
The flowers of Triuridaceae have tepals which are fused at the base and contain 10 to many free carpels.
Systematics
The circumscription of Triuridaceae has been unstable and some taxa may be paraphyletic.[3][4]
Triuridaceae have been allied with Alismataceae (based on the free carpels) but the APG III system (2009) places them among the non-commelinid monocots, in the Order Pandanales.
The genus Lacandonia is sometimes placed in its own family, Lacandoniaceae.[2][5]
Triuridaceae are included in the Kew Royal Botanical Garden World Checklist of Selected Plant Families and were reviewed by H. Maas-van de Kamer and P. Maas-van de Kamer in 2005.[6] In this list, the genera Andruris and Hyalisma are subsumed into Sciaphila and Hexuris is subsumed into Peltophyllum, but two new genera Kupea and Kihansia are included. Both genera were described (and placed in Triuridaceae) in 2003. The included genera are:
- Kihansia Cheek
- Kupea Cheek & S.A.Williams
- Lacandonia E.Martínez & Ramos
- Peltophyllum Gardner (syn. Hexuris Miers)
- Sciaphila Blume (syn. Hyalisma Champion)
- Seychellaria Hemsl.
- Soridium Miers
- Triuridopsis H.Maas & Maas
- Triuris Miers
However, APG III, following the Vascular Plant Families and Genera database[7] also housed at Kew Royal Botanical Gardens, recognizes the following genera:
- Andruris Schltr.
- Hexuris Miers(SUS) = Peltophyllum Gardner
- Hyalisma Champ. = Sciaphila Blume
- Lacandonia E.Martinez & Ramos = Triuris Miers
- Peltophyllum Gardner
- Sciaphila Blume
- Seychellaria Hemsl.
- Soridium Miers
- Triuris Miers
References
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
- 1 2 "Neotropical Triuridaceae". Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Triuridaceae in APG III". Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ Maas-van de Kamer, H.; T. Weustenfeld (1998). Kubitzki, K., ed. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Vol. 3. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-64060-6.
- ↑ Martinez, E.; C.H. Ramos. "Lacandoniaceae (Triuridales): Una nueva familia de Mexico". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 76: 128–135. doi:10.2307/2399346.
- ↑ "Triuridaceae". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Kew Royal Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Vascular Plant Families and Genera". Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
External links
- Triuridaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com
- Monocot families (USDA)
- The specialists at work
- photograph of Sciaphila
- photographs of Sciaphila ramosa
- photographs of Sciaphila megastyla
- type of Sciaphila tosaensis
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser
- links at CSDL, Texas