Trident Volcano

Trident Volcano
Multiple peaks of Trident Volcano, from the top of Baked Mountain, Valley of the Ten Thousand Smokes.
Highest point
Elevation	6,115 ft (1,864 m) [1]
Coordinates	58°14′06″N 155°06′13″W / 58.235°N 155.1036111°W / 58.235; -155.1036111Coordinates: 58°14′06″N 155°06′13″W / 58.235°N 155.1036111°W / 58.235; -155.1036111 [2]
Geography
Location	Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, U.S.
Parent range	Kejulik Mountains
Topo map	USGS Mount Katmai A-4
Geology
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc/belt	Aleutian Arc
Last eruption	July 1974[3]

For the mountain in Antarctica, see Mount Trident (Antarctica).

Trident Volcano is an eroded volcanic complex consisting of numerous domes (up to 23), as high as 6,115 feet (1,864 m) in elevation, along a northeast-southwest oriented volcanic front on the Pacific Ocean side of the Alaska Peninsula. A new dome was emplaced beginning in 1953 at an altitude of 3,599 feet (1,097 m) in an amphitheater on the southwest flank of the southwest peak.

According to the United States Geological Survey, the descriptive name, Trident, was given by Robert Fiske Griggs of the National Geographic Society, in 1916, because there were three major peaks.^[2] The volcano has been known by several variants of the name. The feature was officially named Mount Trident by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1928. The board assigned the current name in 1968.^[2]

Historical volcanic activity

Map showing volcanoes of Alaska Peninsula.

1953 Eruption

There is no evidence of recent eruptive activity at the summit of Trident, nor have there been any reports of historical activity, except fumarolic activity on the east side. The earliest known activity were minor eruptions in 1913, 1949 and 1950. A satellite cone formed February 15, 1953 on the southwest flank of Trident following a major explosive eruption that sent ash to an altitude of over 5.6 miles (9.0 km). A succession of blocky lava flows were erupted in 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959-1960 from the new vent. Ash eruptions, some to altitudes over 7.5 miles (12 km), were associated with several of the lava eruptions. By 1960, the dome had grown nearly 853 feet (260 m) high and a sequence of viscous flows, up to 984 feet (300 m) thick and covering an area of about 1,200 acres (5 km²) south of the volcano, had been extruded. Further explosions were reported in the early to late 1960s. Lava extrusion, accompanied by explosions were also reported from 1966 to 1968 and 1974 to 1975. In 1983, steam and/or vapor continued to rise from the central vent area of the new cone as well as from numerous fumaroles on the near-vent portion of the blocky lava flows.

Composition

Trident lavas are andesitic to dacitic in composition. The dominant phenocrysts are zoned plagioclase, hypersthene, calcic clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite, and rimmed olivine. The five flows which erupted from the new vent during the period from 1953 to 1963 are olivine-bearing, two pyroxene, high-silica andesite.

References