Allentown, Pennsylvania

Allentown (Pennsylvania Dutch: Allenschteddel) is a city located in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is Pennsylvania's third most populous city and the 226th largest city in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 118,032 and is currently the fastest growing city in all of Pennsylvania.^[8] It is the largest city in the metropolitan area known as the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 821,623 residents as of 2010. It constitutes a portion of the New York City Metropolitan Area and is the county seat of Lehigh County.^[9] In 2012, the city celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1762.^[10]

Located on the Lehigh River, Allentown is the largest of three adjacent cities, in Northampton and Lehigh counties, that make up a region of eastern Pennsylvania known as the Lehigh Valley. Allentown is 50 miles (80 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia, the fifth most populous^[11] city in the United States, 90 miles (140 km) east-northeast of Harrisburg, the state capital, and 90 miles (140 km) west of New York City, the nation's largest city.

History

Origins

In the early 1700s, the land now occupied by the City of Allentown and Lehigh County was a wilderness of scrub oak where neighboring tribes of Indians fished for trout and hunted for deer, grouse, and other game. In 1736, a large area to the north of Philadelphia, embracing the present site of Allentown and what is now Lehigh County, was deeded by 23 chiefs of the five great Indian nations to John, Thomas, and Richard Penn, sons of William Penn. The price for this tract included shoes and buckles, hats, shirts, knives, scissors, combs, needles, looking glasses, rum, and pipes.^[12]

The land that was to become Allentown was part of a 5,000-acre (20 km²) plot Allen purchased on September 10, 1735 from his business partner Joseph Turner, who was assigned the warrant to the land by Thomas Penn, son of William Penn, on May 18, 1732.^[13]

The land was originally surveyed on November 23, 1736.^[13] A subsequent survey done in 1753 by David Schultz for a road from Easton to Reading, of which present-day Union and Jackson streets were links, shows the location of a log house owned by Allen, situated near the western bank of the Jordan Creek, which was believed to have been built around 1740. Used primarily as a hunting and fishing lodge, here Allen entertained prominent guests including his brother-in-law, James Hamilton, and colonial governor John Penn.^[13]

Founding

The area that is today the center of Allentown was laid out as Northampton Town in 1762 by William Allen, a wealthy shipping merchant, former mayor of the city of Philadelphia and then-Chief Justice of the Province of Pennsylvania. It is likely that a certain amount of rivalry with the Penns prompted Judge Allen to decide to start a town of his own in 1762.^[12]

Trout Hall, built in 1770 by James Allen (son of Allentown founder William Allen), is the oldest house in Allentown. From 1867 to 1905, it served as the home of Muhlenberg College.

Ten years before, in 1752, Northampton and Berks counties had been formed, each with a county seat, Easton and Reading, respectively. It is recorded that, in 1763, the very year after the founding of Allentown, an effort was made to have the county seat moved from Easton to the new town. To this effort William Allen lent all his influence as Chief Justice and also as the son-in-law of Andrew Hamilton. The influence of the Penns, however, prevailed; and Easton was retained as the county seat of all that vast area which the notorious "Walking Purchase" had opened up.^[12]

The original plan for the town, now in the archives of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, comprised forty-two city blocks and consisted of 756 lots, mostly 60 feet (18 m) in width and 230 feet (70 m) in depth. The town was located between present-day Fourth and Tenth Streets, and Union and Liberty Streets. Many streets on the original plan were named for Allen's children: Margaret (present-day Fifth Street), William (now Sixth), James (now Eighth), Ann (now Ninth) and John (now Walnut). Allen Street (now Seventh) was named for Allen himself, and was the main thoroughfare. Hamilton Street was named for James Hamilton. Gordon Street was named for Sir Patrick Gordon, Deputy Governor of Colonial Pennsylvania from 1726–1736. Chew Street was named for Benjamin Chew, and Turner Street was named for Allen's business partner, Joseph Turner.^[13]

Allen hoped that Northampton Town would displace Easton as the seat of Northampton County and also become a commercial center due to its location along the Lehigh River and its proximity to Philadelphia. Allen gave the property to his son James in 1767. Three years later, in 1770, James built a summer residence, Trout Hall, in the new town, near the site of his father's former hunting lodge.^[14]

On March 18, 1811, the town was formally incorporated as the Borough of Northamptown. On March 6, 1812, Lehigh County was formed from the western half of Northampton County, and Northampton Town was selected as the county seat. The town was officially renamed "Allentown" on April 16, 1838, after years of popular usage. Allentown was formally incorporated as a city on March 12, 1867.^[15]

American Revolutionary War

The beginnings of the American Revolutionary War began in Northampton County on December 21, 1774 when a Committee of Observation for Northampton County was formed by American patriots. At the time, there were 54 homes in Northampton (Allentown), and the number of inhabitants was around 330. With the Declaration of Independence, the Colonial British government began to break down and militias took control. Frontier justice replaced the rule of law as zealous patriots preoccupied themselves not with fighting the British but with seizing local political power and persecuting their pacifist neighbors. Patriots pressured Tories out of Northampton County, and plans were made for the raising of a militia. The burden of supplying a military force logistically fell upon the people, and requisitions for food, grain, cattle, horses and cloth became commonplace.^[16]

1926 tablet placed by the Daughters of the American Revolution at the Old Allentown Cemetery, Tenth and Linden Street, honoring American Revolutionary War patriots from Allentown. The Old Allentown Cemetery, just behind this monument, has the graves of many of the patriots whose names are inscribed on the memorial.

After the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776, Hessian prisoners-of-war were kept in the vicinity of present-day Seventh and Gordon Streets. The Old Zion Reformed Church, and a house near James (now Eighth) and Hamilton Streets, served as hospitals for injured and sick Continental Army troops. In 1777, a factory manufacturing paper cartridges for muskets was relocated here from nearby Bethlehem. That same year, a shop of sixteen armorers was established along the Little Lehigh Creek, and employed in the repair of weapons and the manufacture of saddles and scabbards.^[13]

It is not generally known, that General George Washington, with his staff, not long after the battle of Trenton, passed through Allentown, up Water street (now Lehigh street). They stopped, at the foot of the street, at a large spring on what is now the property occupied, by the Wire Mill. There are several springs in the vicinity on both sides of the street, and near Wire Street. They rested and watered their horses, then went their way to their post of duty.^[17]

In 1777 Toryism, was in the ascendancy at Bethlehem. The government found it necessary to remove their cartridge manufacturing, to a safer place, and the town of Northampton, (Allentown) was selected for repairing arms and bayonets and the manufacturing of saddles. Captain Styles was in charge of the military supplies while John Tyler and Ebenezer Cowell were armorers in the employ of the state who ran the factory. Sixteen local armorers, of which Johannes Moll was one, were actively engaged in repair work at the factory. Wood was procured locally which provided the necessary charcoal for the forging operations as well as replacing the battered stocks of damaged rifles.^[16]

Liberty Bell

Main article: Liberty Bell

Early Allentown

After the turmoil of the Revolution, Northampton Town grew slowly. In 1782 there were fifty-nine houses and over a hundred cows were stabled within the town. The town was described by a visitor in 1783 as "... one gets a glimpse of many good stone houses, many of them very neat, and everything about the premises shows good order and attention. The people are mainly German who speak bad English and distressing German...". In 1795, the U.S. Gazetteer described Allentown as ".. a handsome and flourishing town of Northampton County, pleasantly situated on the point of land formed by the junction of the Jordan Creek and Little Lehigh. It is regularly laid out and contains about ninety dwellings, a German Lutheran and a Calvinist (Zion) Church, an Academy and three merchant mills...".^[12]

Watercolor of the first bridge erected across the Lehigh River in 1814, just north of the current bridge. The bridge, erected between 1812-1814 is shown looking west from the east bank of the river. This painting was made about 1830, after the opening of the Lehigh Canal. It also shows Dam Number 7 on the Lehigh River, now known as the Hamilton Street Dam (holdings of the Lehigh County Historical Society).

Until 1803, the people of Northampton Town received their mail in Bethlehem. However, at the Compass and Square Hotel at Center Square (Today's Penn National Bank building) a post office was established. After reaching a population of over 700 residents in the 1810 United States Census, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania gave Northampton Town a legal existence on 18 March 1811 by incorporating it as the – Borough of Northampton, in Northampton County. The first business of the Borough government was to order cows to seek other pastures other than the public streets. An action which led many of its citizens to believe they were better off when it was plain Northampton Town, before it became a Borough. In 1812, Lehigh County was formed by partitioning a section of Northampton County, and Northampton was designated as its county seat.^[12]^[18] In the early 1800s, Allen's town, or Allentown, as the borough began to be called since it was no longer a part of Northampton County, continued to grow primarily as a court and market town. The name became so common that in 1838, the name was officially changed to "Allentown". The first bank, the Northampton Bank was chartered in July 1814 and it stood at the northeast corner of Center Square, where the Allentown National Bank Building stands today. It was also in this period that the first Hamilton Street Bridge was built, a 530 foot long chain structure, was constructed over the Lehigh River. It was composed of two suspended lanes, one for east and one for westbound traffic, and a toll house at the western end.^[12]^[18]^[19]

Saeger's Mill was built in 1828 along the Lehigh Canal in the same year it was opened. It used water power purchased from the Lehigh Canal and Navigation Company, the owners of the canal. The mill straddled the canal, and a covered bridge allowed the company to use both banks of the canal. Sager's Mill was destroyed by a fire in 1951.

In 1792, the land to the north of the Lehigh Valley was purchased by the Lehigh Coal Mine Company. However it was difficult to transport coal over the primitive trail system that existed at the time so very little was mined. In 1818 the Lehigh Navigation Company was formed and construction was begun on a navigable canal to transport the coal from Mach Chunk (today's Jim Thorpe) to Easton on the Delaware River. The Lehigh Canal was completed for both ascending and descending navigation in 1829, being 46.6 miles long along the east side of the Lehigh River. Its construction was the greatest single factor in making anthracite coal one of America's most important domestic and industrial fuels.^[12]^[20] However, the operational life of the canal was short. In 1855 the first railroad was built on the west side of the Lehigh River and the competition between them resulted in the steady decline of canal traffic.^[12]^[20]

The 1840s in particular were not kind to Allentown. A flood in 1841 swept away the Hamilton Street bridge and did extensive damage to the river section of the city. The Northampton Bank failed in 1843 due to speculation and caused financial ruin to many families. Then a large fire on June 1, 1848 burned out most of the Central Business District between Seventh and Eighth Streets on Hamilton. However, during the 1850s, the city recovered economically with a new bridge across the Lehigh, brick buildings replacing the wooden ones burned down on Hamilton Street, and in 1852, the first Allentown Fair was held.^[12]^[19]

Civil War

Industrial and Business Center

Further information: Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution

The opening of the Lehigh Canal caused a fundamental change in the nature of Allentown and the Lehigh Valley, as it transformed both from a rural agricultural area dominated by German-speaking people into an urbanized industrialized area. It expanded the city's commercial and industrial capacity greatly. With this, the town underwent significant industrialization, ultimately becoming a major center for heavy industry and manufacturing.

The Allentown Rolling Mill Company, photographed in 1889.

The actual foundation for the city's industrial development was brought about by necessity. David Deshler, the city's first shopkeeper, opened a saw mill in 1782. By 1814 the list of industrial plants in the city included flour mills, saw mills, two saddle makers, a tannery and tan yard, a woolen mill, a card weaving ·plant, two gunsmiths, two tobacconists, two clock-makers, and two printers.^[12] In 1855, the first railroads reached Allentown. These were in direct competition for moving coal with the Lehigh Canal. The Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad ordered four locomotives and stations were erected at Easton, Allentown and Mauch Chunk. The railroad was placed in operation in September of that year. Connections for New York were made via the Central Railroad of New Jersey and later connections with Philadelphia were made via the Perkiomen railroad which operated between Norristown and Freemansburg.^[12]^[18]

It was Henry Leh that began the true industrialization of Allentown in 1861. The Union Army needed boots. Since Simon Cameron, the secretary of war, was from Pennsylvania, many government contracts flowed to the Keystone state. Leh had opened his shoe and ready-to-wear clothing store in Allentown in 1850. If the Union Army needed boots and shoes, he'd make them. In addition to Leh's boot and shoe industry, during the Civil War, eight brick yards, a saw mill, the Allentown Paint factory, two shoe factories, a piano factory, flour mills, breweries and distilleries had opened in the city.^[12]^[18]^[19]

The Adelaide Silk Mill, shown in 1910.

Beds of iron ore had been discovered in the hills around Allentown in the 1840s, and a furnace was constructed in 1846 for the production of pig iron by the Allentown Iron Company. The furnace was opened in 1847 under the supervision of Samuel Lewis, an expert in iron production, and this led to the opening of plants for a wide variety of metal products. The Allentown Rolling Mill Company was a merger of several small companies in 1860 and became the most significant iron company in the city. It employed many people and turned out more iron products than any other. Although not as large as the iron and steel industry in neighboring Bethlehem, in the latter half of the 19th Century, Allentown became a major iron-producing center.^[12]^[18]

The Allentown Boiler Works was founded in 1883 by Charles Collum. He and his partner, John D. Knouse, built a large facility at Third and Gordon Streets in the First Ward, near the Lehigh Valley Railroad yard to the east near Jeter's (later Kline's) Island. The business manufactured iron products of many types, being used in the White House and at the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY. It's boilers and kilns were used across the United States, and also in Canada, Cuba and the Philippines.^[12]^[18]

Center Square about 1910

In addition to the iron and railroad industries, Allentown also had a strong tradition in the brewing of beer and was home to several notable breweries, including the Horlacher Brewery (founded 1897, closed 1978),^[28] the Neuweiler Brewery (founded 1875, closed 1968)^[29] and Schaefer Beer, whose brewery was later owned by Pabst Brewing Company and Guinness^[30] but is now owned by the Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams.^[31]

Brick making flourished in the city until after World War I, the clay unearthed in various sections of the community proving highly suitable for the manufacture of building brick as well as fire brick. Bricks were the first products shipped outside of the Allentown area by rail and were sold nationwide.^[12]^[18] Food processing started with the early bakers, who came into the city with the first settlers. In 1887, Wilson Arbogast and Morris C. Bastian formed Arbogast and Bastian, that commercial slaughtering was done on a large scale.^[12]^[19]

Mack Trucks assembly plant 5C, shown in 1945

With the industrial industry, Allentown became a major banking and finance center. William H. Ainey was born in Susquehanna county, November 30, 1834. In 1860 he organized the Allentown Savings Institution and was chosen its first president. In 1863-64 the Second National Bank of Allentown was organized. He was elected its first president, a position he filled up to the time of his death. Ainey was a major financier of the industrial and retail growth of the city. Through his industry and assistance the following industries were established: The Iowa Barb Wire Co., which was later absorbed by the American Steel and Wire Co.; The Pioneer Silk Factory, The Palace Silk Mill, and the Allentown Spinning Company.^[19]

In the late 1870s, Allentown's iron industry collapsed. It left the city economically depressed and to prevent this from happening again, efforts were made to develop a diversifed industrial base. Convincing the Phoenix Manufacturing Company to open a silk mill in Allentown was the first major success of that effort. The success of its Adelaide mill at Race and Court Streets prompted the opening of the Pioneer silk mill in 1886 and the city was established as a silk manufacturing center. With its many ancillary businesses, the silk industry became the largest in the city and remained so until the late 20th century. By 1914 there were 26 mills in Allentown, which by 1928, when rayon was introduced became 85 mills. Over 10,000 people were employed in the Allentown silk industry at its height during the 1940s.^[12]^[19]

Hamilton Street West from 6th in 1950

Jack and Gus Mack moved their motor car plant to Allentown from Brooklyn, NY in 1905; taking over the foundries of the former Weaver-Hirsh company on South 10th Street. By 1914, Mack Trucks had developed a reputation for being study and reliable. Many were sent to the battlefields of the Western Front in France before the United States entered World War I in 1917. The British gave the Mack AC five and seven ton trucks the nickname "Bulldog". Mack eventually had a total of eight manufacturing plants in Allentown.^[12]^[19] In the post-World War II era, the Western Electric plant on Union Boulevard was announced on 11 October 1945, after a nationwide search to locate a new manufacturing plant. On 1 October 1951 the world's first transistor production began at the Allentown Western Electric plant. It would become the backbone of a communications revolution. Over the years the plant was at the forefront of the postwar electronics revolution.^[32]

Max Hess came to Allentown in 1896 on a business trip and envisioned a department store serving the area. He moved his family from Perth Amboy, New Jersey, in 1897. Max and his brother Charles opened Hess Brothers on Ninth and Hamilton streets. In the first half of the 20th Century, Hess Brothers was a shopping destination. Flamboyance and excitement were cornerstones of the store. It was well known for its fashion apparel as a result of introducing the latest trends from Europe. Opening in 1926, the Zollinger-Harned Company became Allentown's third major department store in the Central Business District.^[12]^[19]

By the mid-20th Century, Allentown had become a major retailing and entertainment center separate from Philadelphia and New York City. The establishment of the Hess Brothers, H. Leh and Company and Zollnger Department stores led to the growth of the retail business sector in the Central Business District. There were dozens of smaller retail stores, along with numerous restaurants, hotels, banks and professional offices in the "downtown", as it was called. In addition to the shopping, at least seven cinemas and stage theaters were located along Hamilton Street between Fifth and Tenth Streets.^[12]^[19]

Late 20th century

By the mid 1960s, Allentown's economy had been booming for decades. However, beginning in the 1970s, the economy and demographics of the city began to change.

Increasing taxes in the city and the inability to expand the city's legal limits led to a migration of the baby boom generation to live outside of the city limits. Townships such as Salisbury, South Whitehall and Whitehall had large areas of farmland that were prime locations for large housing estates to be built. Allentown began to be drained of its next generation of working class, who began to migrate to the newer, less expensive housing in suburbs which also offered lower taxes, greenspace, less crime, and newer schools.

With these demographic changes that began in the 1970s and continued into the 1980s and 1990s, Allentown's city government and school district were left with fewer resources. The financial shortcomings of the city increased the amount of working-class families leaving Allentown because of the Allentown School District's shortcomings as well as the sea change in demographics in the city's neighborhoods, especially those in center city. With the departure of many working-class families from older center city neighborhoods, many homes were sold to landlords which converted them into inexpensive multi-family apartments which became government subsidized because of lax zoning enforcement and permissive city codes. The subsidized housing attracted new immigrants to the area from New York and Philadelphia, looking for a better life in the more affordable Allentown area, but started a poverty problem with many of these residents requiring social services which the city could not afford easily.

1974 image of the Hamilton Mall, a redevelopment of the Central Business District of Allentown. This was an attempt by the city to compete with the suburban shopping centers that had opened outside of the city and bring shoppers back to the Central Business District.

While the neighborhoods and school system continued to decline, Allentown, like many other cities, focused all of its attention and resources on Hamilton Street Retail and the Central Business District, ignoring the neighborhoods around them. This exacerbated the decline of the city at large. With the population growing in the townships, more and more shopping centers along with other services were built outside of the city to accommodate the needs of their growing populations. In 1966, the Whitehall Mall, the first closed shopping mall north of Philadelphia was opened. Ten years later in 1976, the larger large Lehigh Valley Mall was built north of the Lehigh Valley Thruway (US Route 22). The stores in the downtown shopping district began to close and be replaced with stores whose customers were less affluent than the past. Large areas of the downtown were torn down for parking lots and the downtown business district was rebuilt in an attempt to compete with the suburban shopping areas. However, the Hamilton Mall concept of covered sidewalks and reduced traffic was ultimately unsuccessful. Two of the city's major department stores, Leh's and Zollingers closed by 1990. The third, Hess's was sold to The Bon-Ton in 1994, which subsequently closed in 1996.^[33] The closure of Hess's and the fate in 1993 of the Corporate Center, the city's new flagship business center on North Seventh Street, fell victim to a large sinkhole which caused its condemnation and ultimate demolition.

Combined with this, the manufacturing economy of the Northeastern United States began suffering from deindustrialization. That caused many of the factories and corporations headquartered in Allentown to close or move. Mack Trucks relocated to Greensboro, North Carolina, LSI Corporation (formerly Western Electric, later Agere Systems, which merged with LSI Logic), moved its headquarters to California, and numerous factories ceased operation. With the manufacturing base of the economy eroding, more and more high-paying industrial jobs were replaced with lower-paying jobs in the service sector.

21st century

PPL Center construction in downtown Allentown in 2013.

Planned Five City Center, construction proposed to begin in 2016

In the 2000s and 2010s, Allentown's economy, like most of Pennsylvania's, has been based in the service industries with some manufacturing. There also has been significant growth in the health care, transportation and warehousing industries.

The Allentown Economic Development Corporation (AEDC) operates a business incubator, the Bridgeworks, which helps attract and support young commercial and manufacturing businesses. In addition, the Neighborhood Improvement Zone (NIZ) was created by the Pennsylvania State Legislature in 2009 to encourage development and revitalization in Allentown. The NIZ consists of approximately 128 acres in downtown Allentown and the new Riverfront district (the western side of the Lehigh River). As a result, the Central Business District has been redeveloped with Allentown’s new PPL Center arena, a full-service Renaissance Hotel and redeveloped office buildings.^[34]

In addition to the Central Business District, the Lehigh River waterfront area is being redeveloped with a mixed-use development of apartment and office buildings.^[34] There is also an effort underway to bring suburban residents back into the city. Downtown apartment complexes, such as the Strata Lofts I and II are being built to provide rentals primarily for millennials who work in the new office buildings. Empty Nester boomer and Gen-X residents are being attracted to such condominium residences such as the redeveloped Livingston Building and Farr Lofts, as well as new uban condominiums planned in the Five City Center Complex downtown. In addition to the residences and office buildings, new retail stores and restaurants are being built as part of the NIZ development.^[34]

Geography

Topography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.0 square miles (46.6 km²). 17.8 square miles (46.1 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²) is water. Bodies of water include the Jordan Creek and its tributary, the Little Lehigh Creek, which join within the city limits and empty into the Lehigh River. Other bodies of water within the city limits include Lake Muhlenberg in Cedar Creek Parkway and a pond in Trexler Park.

The city sits within the Lehigh Valley, a geographic region bounded by Blue Mountain, a ridge of the Appalachian mountain range, which varies from 1,000 to 1,600 feet (490 m) in height about 17 miles (27 km) north of the city, and South Mountain, a ridge of 500 to 1,000 feet (300 m) in height that borders the southern edge of the city.

The city is the county seat of Lehigh County. The adjacent counties are Carbon County to the north; Northampton County to the northeast and east; Bucks County to the southeast; Montgomery County to the south; and Berks County and Schuylkill County to the west.

Cityscape and neighborhoods

Main articles: List of Allentown neighborhoods and Center City, Allentown, Pennsylvania

The Albertus L. Meyers Bridge, more commonly known as the Eighth Street Bridge was the longest and highest concrete bridge in the world upon its completion in 1913.^[35]

Center City, which includes the downtown area and the 7th Street retail and residential corridor, is the city's central business district and the site of various city, county and federal government centers. To the east of Center City are "The Wards," residential areas that developed during the city's industrial boom of the late 19th century and early 20th century. Just east of the Lehigh River are the city's East Side residential neighborhoods, most of which border the various routes to nearby Bethlehem. South of Center City, and across the Little Lehigh Creek, are the city's South Side neighborhoods, which border Emmaus. The West End of Allentown, with its mix of commercial corridors, cultural centers, and larger single-family residences, begins approximately west of 15th Street.

The Center City's tallest building is the PPL Building at 322 ft (98 m). The Allentown Art Museum, Allentown Symphony Hall, the former site of Hess's Department Stores' original and flagship store, Baum School of Art, Lehigh County Historical Society and Heritage Museum, and The Liberty Bell Museum are all known landmarks in Center City. The Central Business District has several office buildings (One City Center, the Dime Savings and Trust Company building, Two City Center,^[36]^[37] and several others are planned), a 8,641-seat indoor arena (the PPL Center) which opened in August 2014, cost $177.1 million to build,^[38] the Americus Hotel and a Marriott Hotel which is scheduled to open in January 2015,^[39]^[40]

Plans for a major redevelopment of the Central Business District of Allentown were announced in late 2009 as a result of Neighborhood Improvement Zone (NIZ) legislation passed by the Pennsylvania legislature.^[41] Focused on the 7th and Hamilton Streets area, a 5-acre (2.0-hectare) one square block was acquired in 2011 in which several new structures are planned or have already been erected:^[38] The project has generated some concern centered on the huge cost of the endeavor from funding the plan.^[42] The estimated cost of the project is currently $277 million. As of October 2012, $224.3 million in bonds have been sold.^[38]^[43]^[44]

Existing structures were demolished in early 2012. Several lawsuits filed against the project were settled in mid-2012, and construction by 2015 was largely complete for the first phase.

Architecture

Main article: Buildings and architecture of Allentown, Pennsylvania

Allentown Symphony Hall, located on Allentown's North Sixth Street, was originally built in the late 19th century as a market.

The City of Allentown is characterized by a large stock of historic homes, commercial structures and century-old industrial buildings.

Allentown's Center City neighborhoods mainly consist of a variety of Victorian and Federal rowhomes. The stately homes around West Park are mostly Victorian and Craftsman-style. The houses on the city's tree-lined streets in the West End were mostly built in the 1920s and 1940s. Houses in the City's East Side and South Side are a mixture of architectural styles and are generally single and twin family homes built from the 1940s through the 1960s but there are also some older Victorian homes. Allentown also has loft apartments in converted mills and historic brick manufacturing buildings and modern and historic high-rise apartment buildings.

The PPL Building is Allentown's tallest building at 322 feet (98 m). It is 23 stories high and is located at the northwest corner of 9th and Hamilton Street. It was designed by the New York architectural firm of Helme, Corbett, and Harrison. Wallace Harrison came to Allentown to design the building, which was a prototype for the Art Deco architecture of Rockefeller Center in New York City. The decorative friezes on the exterior of the building were designed by Alexander Archipenko. It was built between 1926–28 and was opened to the public on July 16, 1928.^[45] It has been illuminated at night since it was opened and in clear weather, the tower can be seen from as far north as the Blue Mountain Ski Area.

One of the city's older surviving structures, Miller Symphony Hall, at 23 North Sixth Street, dates from 1896 and originally housed the city's public market. Originally known as the Lyric Theater, it is the premier performing arts facility in Allentown, home of the Allentown Symphony Orchestra, as well as the Pennsylvania Sinfonia, Community Concerts of Allentown, Allentown Band and Community Music School of the Lehigh Valley. Built around 1896 as the Central Market Hall, the structure was converted to a theater in 1899 by the architectural firm of J.B. McElfatrick and renamed the Lyric Theater. Perhaps one of only a dozen of the famous McElfatrick designs still standing, the building has been a burlesque Hall, used for vaudeville shows, silent films, symphony orchestras, and other forms of entertainment for well over a century.^[46]

There are three historic districts in Allentown: Old Allentown, the Old Fairgrounds and the West Park neighborhoods. Old Allentown and Old Fairgrounds are Center City neighborhoods that hold a joint house tour organized by the Old Allentown Preservation Association (OAPA) once a year in September. The West Park neighborhood also offers a tour of this district's larger Victorian and Craftsman-style homes.^[47]

City parks

Main article: List of city parks of Allentown, Pennsylvania

The City of Allentown has one of the best park systems in the country. Much of the city's park system can be attributed to the efforts of industrialist Harry Clay Trexler. Inspired by the City Beautiful movement in the early 20th century, Trexler helped create West Park, a 6.59-acre (26,700 m²) park in what was then a community trash pit and sandlot baseball field^[48] in an upscale area of the city. The park, which opened in 1909, features a bandshell, designed by noted Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer, which has long been home to the Allentown Band and other community bands.^[48] Trexler also facilitated the development of Trexler Park, Cedar Parkway, Allentown Municipal Golf Course and the Trout Nursery in Lehigh Parkway. Trexler was also responsible for the development of the Trexler Trust, which to this day continues to provide private funding for the maintenance and development of Allentown's park system.^[49]

City parks in Allentown include Bicentennial Park (4,600 seat mini-stadium built for sporting events), Cedar Creek Parkway (127 acres, including Lake Muhlenberg, Cedar Beach and the Malcolm W. Gross Memorial Rose Garden), East Side Reservoir (15 acres), Irving Street Park, Kimmets Lock Park (5 acres), Lehigh Canal Park (55 acres), Lehigh Parkway (999 acres), Old Allentown Cemetery (4 acres), Jordan Park, South Mountain Reservoir (157 acres), Trexler Memorial Park (134 acres), Trout Creek Parkway (100 acres), Joe Daddona Park (19 acres) and West Park (6.59 acres).^[49]

Climate

Main article: Climate of Allentown, Pennsylvania

Allentown has a humid continental or humid subtropical climate (Köppen Dfa/Cfa, respectively), depending on the January isotherm used, although lying closer to the former. Summers are typically hot and muggy, fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is cold. Precipitation is almost uniformly distributed throughout the year.

The average temperature in January is 27.8 °F (−2.3 °C), and the lowest officially recorded temperature was −15 °F (−26 °C) on January 21, 1994. July averages 73.4 °F (23.0 °C), and the highest temperature on record was 105 °F (41 °C) on July 3, 1966. Early fall and mid-winter are generally driest, with February being the driest month with only 2.75 inches (70 mm) of average precipitation.^[50]

Snowfall is variable, with some winters bringing light snow and others bringing numerous significant snowstorms. Average snowfall is 34 inches (86 cm) seasonally,^[51] with the months of January and February receiving the highest at just over 11 and 9 inches (230 mm) each. Rainfall is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to twelve wet days per month,^[52] at an average annual rate of 43.52 inches (110.54 cm).^[53]

Allentown falls under the USDA 6b Plant Hardiness zone.^[54]

Climate data for Allentown, Pennsylvania (Lehigh Valley Int'l), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1922–present^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	72 (22)	76 (24)	87 (31)	93 (34)	97 (36)	100 (38)	105 (41)	100 (38)	99 (37)	92 (33)	81 (27)	72 (22)	105 (41)
Average high °F (°C)	36.0 (2.2)	39.8 (4.3)	49.4 (9.7)	61.3 (16.3)	71.5 (21.9)	80.1 (26.7)	84.2 (29)	82.4 (28)	74.9 (23.8)	63.6 (17.6)	52.5 (11.4)	40.5 (4.7)	61.4 (16.3)
Average low °F (°C)	19.5 (−6.9)	21.7 (−5.7)	28.8 (−1.8)	38.5 (3.6)	48.3 (9.1)	58.1 (14.5)	62.7 (17.1)	60.9 (16.1)	52.9 (11.6)	41.3 (5.2)	32.9 (0.5)	24.0 (−4.4)	40.8 (4.9)
Record low °F (°C)	−15 (−26)	−12 (−24)	−5 (−21)	12 (−11)	28 (−2)	39 (4)	46 (8)	41 (5)	30 (−1)	21 (−6)	3 (−16)	−8 (−22)	−15 (−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.03 (77)	2.70 (68.6)	3.39 (86.1)	3.56 (90.4)	4.14 (105.2)	4.31 (109.5)	4.95 (125.7)	3.69 (93.7)	4.62 (117.3)	3.88 (98.6)	3.50 (88.9)	3.58 (90.9)	45.35 (1,151.9)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	10.0 (25.4)	11.1 (28.2)	4.9 (12.4)	1.0 (2.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.7 (1.8)	5.2 (13.2)	32.9 (83.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	11.1	9.8	11.0	12.1	12.1	11.4	10.9	9.5	9.1	9.1	9.8	10.9	126.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	5.6	4.8	2.5	.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	.6	3.5	17.4
Average relative humidity (%)	69.1	66.7	62.6	60.9	65.6	67.9	68.8	71.9	74.0	71.8	70.5	71.4	68.4
Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1961–1990)^[55]^[56]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Allentown, Pennsylvania

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	486		—
1800	573		17.9%
1810	710		23.9%
1820	1,132		59.4%
1830	1,757		55.2%
1840	2,493		41.9%
1850	3,703		48.5%
1860	8,025		116.7%
1870	13,884		73.0%
1880	18,063		30.1%
1890	25,288		40.0%
1900	35,416		40.1%
1910	51,913		46.6%
1920	73,502		41.6%
1930	92,563		25.9%
1940	96,904		4.7%
1950	106,756		10.2%
1960	108,347		1.5%
1970	109,871		1.4%
1980	103,758		−5.6%
1990	105,301		1.5%
2000	106,632		1.3%
2010	118,032		10.7%
Est. 2014	119,104	^[57]	0.9%
U.S. Decennial Census^[58] 2013 Estimate^[59]

As of the 2010 census, the city was 58.5% White (43.2% non-Hispanic white), 12.5% Black or African American (10.2% non-Hispanic black), 0.8% Native American (non-Hispanic), 2.2% Asian (non-Hispanic), and 5.0% were two or more races. 42.8% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, mostly made up of Puerto Ricans. 14.6% of the population were foreign-born.^[60]

As of the census of 2000, there were 106,632 people and 25,135 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,011.5 inhabitants per square mile (2,320.8/km²). There were 45,960 housing units at an average density of 2,591.1 per square mile (1,000.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.55% White, 7.85% African American, 0.33% Native American, 2.27% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 13.37% from other races, and 3.55% from two or more races. 24.44% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.

Allentown Compared
2010 Census	Allentown	PA	U.S.
Total population	118,032	12,702,379	308,745,538
Population, percent change, 2000–2010	+10.7%	+3.4%	+9.7%
Population density	6,557.3/sq. mi.	275.8/sq. mi.	81.4/sq. mi.
White (non-Hispanic)	43.2%	79.5%	63.7%
Black (non-Hispanic)	11.6%	10.8%	12.2%
Hispanic (any race)	42.8%	5.7%	16.3%
Asian	2.2%	2.7%	4.8%

There were 42,032 households in the city, of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18, 39.4% had married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% had non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The city's average household size is 2.42 and the average family size was 3.09.

The city's population broken down by age ranges was 24.8% under 18, 11.2% from 18–24, 29.8% from 25–44, 19.1% from 45–64, and 15.1% 65 years or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there are 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,016, and the median income for a family was $37,356. Males had a median income of $30,426 versus $23,882 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,282. 18.5% of the population and 14.6% of families were below the poverty line. 29.4% of those under the age of 18 and 10.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The unemployment rate for the entire Lehigh Valley area is 9.8% as of February 2010, with Allentown's unemployment rate estimated at over 10%.^[61]

Economy

Allentown's economy has historically been manufacturing-based, but with a more recent turn to a more service oriented economy due to general rust belt decline in heavy industry. The city serves as the location of corporate headquarters for several large, global companies, including Air Products & Chemicals,^[62] PPL, and others.^[63] The largest employer in Allentown is Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network, with more than 7,800 employees.^[64]

Center City area along Hamilton Street between 5th and 10th Streets used to be the primary shopping district in Allentown. During 1960's and 1970's, several shopping malls were built in and around Allentown. South Mall,^[65] Lehigh Valley Mall, and Whitehall Mall^[66] today are the popular choices of shopping. Also in 2006, The Promenade Shops at Saucon Valley, opened south of the city, in Upper Saucon Township. Instead of Allentown downtown being a shopping mecca, the use of it has turned into office buildings and became a center-city campus for county government workers, along with those of PPL.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in the Lehigh Valley

Further information: Lehigh Valley Transit Company and Lehigh and Northampton Transportation Authority

Hamilton Boulevard in downtown Allentown, 2007.

Roads and buses

Rail

See also: Rail Service in Allentown Pennsylvania

The Lehigh Valley Railroad station. Until the 1950s, the Lehigh Valley Railroad offered 2 hour and 15 minute direct train service to Pennsylvania Station in New York City.

Allentown was once a passenger rail hub, served by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, Lehigh and New England Railroad, Lehigh Valley Railroad, the Reading Railroad, the Lehigh Valley Transit Company and later, Conrail. Routes served Wilkes-Barre and Scranton to the north, Buffalo and Williamsport to the northwest, Reading and Harrisburg to the west, Jersey City and New York City to the east, and Philadelphia to the south.^[70]

Allentown currently has no passenger rail service (the last service by SEPTA ceased operating in 1979) but one of its two main train stations remains standing. In November 2008, the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation (LVEDC), along with both Lehigh and Northampton Counties, commissioned a study to explore restoring part of the Black Diamond service (which ran until 1961)^[71]^[72] by extending the New Jersey Transit's Raritan Valley Line to Allentown.^[73]

Allentown is a regional center for commercial freight rail traffic. Currently, Norfolk Southern's primary hump classification yards are located in Allentown,^[74] and the city is also served by the R.J. Corman Railroad Group.^[75]

Airports

Lehigh Valley International Airport is three miles (5 km) northeast of Allentown.

The city's primary airport, Lehigh Valley International Airport, is located three miles (5 km) northeast of Allentown in Hanover Township and is operated by the Lehigh–Northampton Airport Authority. The airport has direct flights to Atlanta, Detroit, Chicago–O'Hare, Charlotte, Philadelphia, and cities in Florida. Philadelphia International Airport and Newark International Airport, are about 60 to 90 minutes away, respectively, and offer numerous domestic and international flights. The region is also served by Allentown Queen City Municipal Airport, a two-runway facility located in South Allentown used predominantly for private aviation.

Utilities

Electricity in Allentown is provided by Pennsylvania Power and Light (PP&L). UGI supplies natural gas. Two cable companies, RCN Corporation (originally Twin County Cable) and Service Electric, have served the city since the 1960s.^[76] The area's only landfill, IESI Bethlehem, is located in nearby Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Water and sewage, prior to 2013, were controlled by the city and are now under the operation of Lehigh County authority as the result of a 50-year lease agreement. Waste, recycling, and yard waste are administered by the city.

Government and public safety

Politics and elections

Crime type	Rate^*
Allentown
Crime rates (2013)
Homicide:	7
Forcible rape:	26
Robbery:	197
Aggravated assault:	138
Total violent crime:	369
Burglary:	717
Larceny-theft:	1,493
Motor vehicle theft:	191
Arson:	2
Total property crime:	2,401
Notes * Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2012 population: 119,334
Source: 2013 FBI UCR Data

Allentown operates as a Pennsylvania third-class city with the "strong-mayor" version of the mayor-council form of government since 1970 wherein the mayor serves as chief executive and administrative officer for the municipality and City Council serves as the legislative and oversight body providing checks and balances on the system.^[77]

Elected "at-large", the mayor serves a four-year term under the city's home rule charter.^[78] The current city mayor is Democrat Ed Pawlowski, who replaced Roy C. Afflerbach after his single-term in office from 2002 to 2006. The legislative branch, the Allentown City Council, consists of seven council members elected at large for four-year staggered terms.^[78] City Council holds regular public meetings in order to enact legislation in the form of ordinances and resolutions. The current president of the City Council is Julio Guridy.^[79] The City Controller, who is responsible for the oversight of the city's finances, is also elected and serves a four-year term.^[80]

Federally, Allentown is part of Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district, represented by Republican Charlie Dent since in 2004. The United States Senators are Democrat Bob Casey, Jr. and Republican Pat Toomey, elected in 2010. The Governor of Pennsylvania is Democrat Tom Wolf.

Crime

For 2010, crime is down in the City of Allentown for the fourth consecutive year.^[81]

The decline was led by a 31 percent drop in the number of homicides from 13 to 9. Motor vehicle theft fell 11.4 percent. Burglary was down 6.1 percent. Reported robberies, rapes and property crimes also fell. There were slight increases in the number of aggravated assaults and arsons. The number of violent crimes in the city has fallen more than 30 percent since 2006.^[81]

Emergency medical services

Lehigh Valley Hospital in Allentown, 2008.

Allentown is home to several hospitals and health networks, including St. Luke's Health Network, Sacred Heart Hospital, the Lehigh Valley Health Network, and the Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network. Formerly, the city was home to the Allentown State Hospital, a psychiatric hospital which closed in 2010.

Fire Department

Allentown Fire Department (AFD)
Agency overview
Established	1870
Annual calls	6,000^[82]^[83]^[84]
Employees	140
Staffing	Career
Facilities and equipment
Battalions	4
Stations	6
Engines	10
Trucks	2
HAZMAT	1
Fireboats	1

The Allentown Fire Department (AFD) was established in 1870 and today operates out of 6 fire stations, located throughout the city. The Allentown Fire Department also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 7 Engines(including 1 Quint), 2 Trucks, 1 Haz-Mat. Unit, 1 Technical Rescue Unit, 1 Fireboat, 1 Dive Trailer, 1 Bomb Squad Unit, 1 Fire Investigation Unit, and numerous other special (including 4 specialized search and rescue teams: Haz-Mat. Team, Water Rescue, Technical Rescue, and Bomb Squad), support, and 3 Reserve Engines.^[82]^[83]^[84]

Education

Primary and secondary education

Main article: Allentown School District

The City of Allentown is served by the Allentown School District, which is the fourth largest school district in Pennsylvania, with 18,118 students (based on 2005–2006 enrollment data).^[85] In 2013, the district's enrollment had declined to 16,966 pupils.^[86] In July 2012, the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) released a report identifying seventeen Allentown School District schools as among the lowest achieving schools for reading and mathematics in 2011 and 2012. Eleven of the District's elementary schools, all four middle schools and both high schools are all among the 15% lowest achieving schools in the Commonwealth.^[87]

William Allen High School, one of two public high schools in Allentown.

The city maintains two public high schools for grades 9–12, William Allen High School, which serves students from the southern and western parts of the city, and Louis E. Dieruff High School, which serves students from the eastern and northern parts. Each of these Allentown area high schools competes athletically in the Lehigh Valley Conference. Both schools play their home football games at J. Birney Crum Stadium. Students may also attend Newcomer Academy at Midway Manor or the Allentown School District Virtual Academy (grades 8–12).

Allentown School District's four middle schools, for grades 6–8, include: Francis D. Raub Middle School, Harrison-Morton Middle School, South Mountain Middle School and Trexler Middle School. The city is served by 16 elementary schools, for kindergarten through fifth grade, including: Central, Cleveland, Hiram W. Dodd, Jefferson, Lehigh Parkway, Lincoln, Luis A. Ramos, McKinley, Midway Manor, Mosser, Muhlenberg, Ritter, Roosevelt, Sheridan, Union Terrace and Washington.

The Allentown School District is currently undertaking a 10-year, $120 million facilities improvement plan. The plan includes renovation of all 23 schools in the district. Most of the schools to be renovated will be expanded. Two additional elementary schools and a fifth middle school are expected to be built.^[88]

Allentown has two public charter schools: the Roberto Clemente Charter School, located at 4th and Walnut Streets in Allentown, is a Title I charter school which provides educational services to mainly Hispanic students in grades 6 through 12 and the Lincoln Leadership Academy Charter School provides a K-12th program and is located at 1414 E. Cedar Street.

Allentown has two parochial high schools, Allentown Central Catholic High School and Lehigh Valley Christian High School, though both schools draw students from both Allentown and the city's suburbs. Other Allentown-based parochial schools (serving grades K-8) include: Saint John Vianney Regional School, Holy Spirit School, Lehigh Christian Academy, Mercy Special Learning Center, Our Lady Help of Christians School, Sacred Heart School, and Saint Thomas More School. The Roman Catholic-affiliated parochial schools in Allentown are operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Allentown. The Grace Montessori School is a pre-school and early elementary Montessori school run as an outreach of Grace Episcopal Church. The Swain School, a non-sectarian private school founded in 1929, is also located in Allentown and offers a preschool – 8th grade education. Swain School graduates often continue high school in local Lehigh Valley private and public high schools. The city also has a private Jewish school, the Jewish Day School.

Colleges and universities

The Baum School of Art in Center City Allentown.

Two four-year colleges are located in Allentown: Cedar Crest College and Muhlenberg College. A satellite campus of Lehigh Carbon Community College (LCCC), a comprehensive community college which offers two- and four-year degree programs, continuing education and industry training, is located in Center City Allentown.^[89] Pennsylvania State University's Lehigh Valley campus is located in Center Valley, approximately nine miles away from the city.

Media

Headquartered in Center City Allentown, The Morning Call is among the 100 largest circulation newspapers in the United States.^[90]

Main article: Media in the Lehigh Valley

Allentown's media includes print, web, radio and television outlets. Allentown has two daily newspapers, The Morning Call and The Express-Times and numerous weekly and monthly print publications. Allentown has the 68th largest radio market in the United States by Arbitron.^[91] Stations licensed to Allentown include WAEB-AM (talk, news and sports), WAEB-FM (Top 40 music), WDIY (NPR and public radio), WHOL (tropical music), WLEV (adult contemporary music), WMUH (Muhlenberg College campus radio), WSAN (Fox Sports Radio and Philadelphia Phillies broadcasts), WZZO (hard rock music) and others. In addition, many New York City and Philadelphia stations can be received in Allentown.

Allentown is part of the Philadelphia's television Media market.^[92] The major Philadelphia-based network stations serving Allentown include: KYW-TV (CBS), WCAU (NBC), WPVI-TV (ABC) and WTXF-TV (Fox). There are also other network stations and three local television stations.^[93]^[94]^[95]

Broadcast television in the Delaware Valley, including Philadelphia, Delaware, South Jersey and the Lehigh Valley

Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with cable television

Local stations	KJWP (2.1 Me-TV, 2.2 Escape, 2.3 Grit) KYW-TV (3.1 CBS, 3.2 Decades) WPVI-TV (6.1 ABC, 6.2 LWN HD, 6.3 Laff) WEFG-LD (7.1 SSN, 7.2 Tuff TV, 7.3 Fam, 7.4 Nazca Network/Telos TV, 7.5 TVC+, 7.6 Vmas) WELL-LD (8.1 Daystar) WCAU (10.1 NBC, 10.2 Cozi TV) WHYY (12.1 PBS, 12.2 Y2, 12.3 Y Info) WPHL-TV (17.1 MNTV, 17.2 Antenna TV, 17.3 This TV, 17.4 Mummers) WNJS (23.1 PBS / NJTV, 23.3 AudioVi) WFPA-CD 28 (UniMás) WTXF (29.1 Fox, 29.2 Movies!, 29.3 WPSJ-CD) WZPA-LD (33.1 QVC, 33.2 HSN, 33.3 SBN, 33.4 LATV, 33.5 color bars, 33.6 Peace TV, 33.7 AZA) WQAV-CD 34 (AV/Ind) WYBE (35.1 Public Ind, 35.2 NHK World, 35.3 France 24, 35.4 RT, 35.5 WNYJ-DT1 simulcast) WPHA-CD (38.1/38.2/38.3/38.4 Infomercials) WDUM-LP 41 (HSN) WGTW (48.1 TBN, 48.2 Church, 48.3 JUCE TV, 48.4 Enlace, 48.5 Smile) WPSG (57.1 CW) WPPX-TV (61.1 Ion, 61.2 Qubo, 61.3 Ion Life, 61.4 Ion Shop, 61.5 QVC Over The Air, 61.6 HSN) WUVP-TV (65.1 UNI, 65.2 WFPA-CD, 65.3 GetTV, 65.4 Bounce TV)

Outlying stations	Atlantic City WACP (4.1 Ind) WPSJ-CD (8.1 MundoMax, 8.2 SBN, 8.3 GOD, 8.4 A1) WMGM (40.1 SBN) WMCN (44.1 Ind, 44.2 SSN) WWSI (62.1 TMD, 62.2 TeleXitos) Lehigh Valley WLVT (39.1 PBS, 39.2 V-me, 39.3 Create) WBPH (60.1 Ind, 60.2 BizTV) WFMZ (69.1 Ind, 69.2 AccuWX, 69.3 Heroes & Icons, 69.4 Retro TV) Reading WTVE (51.1 Ind, 52.2 The Works, 51.3 VIETV (Vietnamese)) Trenton WPHY-CD (25.1 A1) WNJT (52.1 PBS / NJTV, 52.3 AudioVi) Delaware WWDD-LD 40 (DS)

Cable channels	Comcast Network Philadelphia Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia La Salle 56 (La Salle U.) MCTV 26 (Mercer Co., NJ)

Defunct stations	Lehigh Valley WLEV 51 (Bethlehem) WGLV 57 (Easton) Reading WEEU-TV 33 WHUM-TV 61 Delaware WVUE 12 (NBC/DuMont/Ind) New Jersey WFPG 46 (NBC/CBS/ABC/DuMont) WKBS 48 (Ind) New Jersey Network (PBS)

ATSC-M/H Mobile DTV	WCAU 10.1 (NBC) WHYY 12.1 (PBS) WTXF 29.1 (Fox) WTVE 51.1 (Ind.) WPPX-TV 61.1 (Ion)

Pennsylvania broadcast television Binghamton, New York Buffalo, New York Elmira, New York Erie Johnstown/Altoona/State College New York City Philadelphia Pittsburgh Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Susquehanna Valley (Harrisburg) Washington, DC Youngstown, Ohio See also Baltimore TV Salisbury TV

Broadcast television in Northeastern Pennsylvania, including Scranton and Wilkes-Barre

Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with cable television

Stations

W07BV 7 (EWTN)

WNEP-TV (16.1 ABC, 16.2 ATV, 16.3 Justice)

WYOU (22.1 CBS)

WBRE-TV (28.1 NBC)

WYLN-LP 35 (Youtoo America)

W16CO-D (35.1 COR)

WSWB (38.1 The CW, 38.2 Me-TV, 38.3 Comet)

W43CO-D (43.1 Daystar, 43.2 COR, 43.3 CTN)

WVIA-TV (44.1 PBS, 44.2 via 2, 44.3 Create)

WQMY (53.1 MNTV, 53.2 Fox, 53.3 The CW)

WOLF-TV (56.1 Fox, 56.2 The CW, 56.3 MNTV)

WQPX-TV (64.1 Ion, 64.2 qubo, 64.3 Life, 64.4 Ion Shop, 64.5 QVC Over Air, 64.6 HSN)

Adjacent locals

Binghamton, NY	WBNG-TV (12.1 CBS, 12.2 The CW) WIVT (34.1 ABC, 34.2 NBC) WICZ-TV (40.1 Fox, 40.2 MNTV) WSKG-TV (46.1 PBS, 46.2 World, 46.3 Create)

Johnstown	WJAC-TV (6.1 NBC, 6.2 Me-TV, 6.3 Grit) WTAJ-TV (10.1 CBS)

Philadelphia	KYW-TV (3.1 CBS, 3.2 Decades) WPVI-TV (6.1 ABC, 6.2 Live Well Network, 6.3 Laff) WCAU (10.1 NBC, 10.2 Cozi TV) WFMZ-TV (69.1 Ind, 69.2 AccuWX, 69.3 Heroes & Icons, 69.4 Retro TV)

Defunct stations

W26CD (TBN)

W39BT 39 (TBN)

Pennsylvania broadcast television: Binghamton, New York; Buffalo, New York; Elmira, New York; Erie; Johnstown/Altoona/State College; New York City; Philadelphia; Pittsburgh; Scranton/Wilkes-Barre; Susquehanna Valley (Harrisburg); Washington, DC; Youngstown, Ohio

Broadcast television in the New York City metropolitan area

Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with cable television

English-language channels	WCBS-TV (2.1 CBS, 2.2 Decades) WNBC (4.1 NBC, 4.2 Cozi) WNYW (5.1 / 9.2 FOX, 5.2 Movies!) WABC-TV (7.1 ABC, 7.2 Live Well HD, 7.3 Laff) WWOR-TV (9.1 / 5.2 MyNetworkTV, 9.3 Buzzr, 9.4 H&I) WPIX (11.1 The CW, 11.2 Antenna TV, 11.3 This TV) WDVB-CD (23.1 ZUUS Country, 23.2 Retro TV) WPXN-TV (31.1 Ion, 31.2 Qubo, 31.3 Ion Life) WJLP (33.1 Me-TV, 33.2 Justice) WXTV-DT (41.3 Bounce, 41.4 Grit) WZME (43.1 H&I, 43.2 The Works, 43.3 Comet) WRNN-TV (48.1 Ind, 48.2 Blue Ocean Network) WVVH-CD 50 (A1 / Outside Television, East Hampton) WLNY-TV (55.1 IND) WKOB-LD (42.1 SSN) WMBQ-CD (46.1 Biz TV) WFUT-DT (68.3 Escape, 68.4 GetTV)

Public television channels	WNET (13.1 PBS, 13.2 Kids) WLIW (21.1 PBS, 21.2 Create, 21.3 World) WNYE-TV (25.1 Educ. Ind, 25.2 NYC gov, 25.3 CUNY TV) WEDW (49.1 PBS / CPTV, 49.2 Create) WNJN/WNJB (50.1/58.1 PBS / NJTV) WNYJ 66.2 (MHz WV)

Spanish-language channels	WNET 13.3 (V-me) WASA-LD 24.1/24.4 (Estrella TV) WPXO-LD 34.1 (MundoMax) WNYN-LD 39.1/39.3 (TeLe-Romántica) WXTV-DT 41.1 / WFTY-DT 67.2 / WFUT-DT 68.2 (UNI) WXTV-DT 41.2 / WFTY-DT 67.1 / WFUT-DT 68.1 (UniMás) WNJU (47.1 TMD, 47.2 exitos TV) WTBY-TV 54.4 (Enlace) WMBC-TV 63.6 (AZA) WBQM-LD (51.1 CNN en Español, 51.2 Spanish Independent) WKOB-LD 42.6 (Almavision)

Religious stations	WWPS-LP 9 (COR) WKOB-LD 42.2 (DS, 42.5 SBN) WTBY-TV (54.1 TBN, 54.2 Church, 54.3 JUCE TV, 54.5 Smile) WMBC-TV (63.3 CGNTV) WMBQ-CD (46.2 Hope TV) WRNN-TV (48.4 EICB) WBQM-LD (3.3 COR) WEBR-CD (17.1 Universal affiliates network, 17.3 EICB)

Shopping stations	WKOB-LD (42.4 Infomercials) WMUN-CD (45.1 Infomercials, 45.2 Jewelry TV) W41DO-D (60.1 HSN, 60.2 HSN 2) WPXN-TV (31.4 Ion Shop, 31.5 QVC Over Air, 31.6 HSN) WXNY-LD (32.4 Infomercials)

Ethnic stations	WDVB-CD (23.3 Swagat TV, 23.4 SAB TV) WXNY-LD (32.1 CCTV News) WNXY-LD (43.1 CCTV News) WRNN-TV (48.3 Arirang TV, 48.5 NHK World) WMBC-TV (63.4 SinoVision, 63.5 NTDTV) WASA-LD (24.2 ICN, 24.3 IAVC) WKOB-LD (42.3 Peace TV) WNYJ-TV (66.1 CNC World)

Audio stations	WNYZ-LP 6 (Ind/Radio) WNYJ-TV (66.2 WFME-FM audio) WMBC-TV (63.7 WDNJ-FM, 63.8 KCBN)

Independent stations	WMBC-TV (63.1) Ind WXNY-LD (32.4) Independent WNYN-LD (39.4) Independent W26CE (26) color bars

Local cable channels	BronxNet BCAT Caribbean International Network CN8 FiOS1 MNN MSG MSG Plus NET News 12 Networks NY1 NY1 Noticias NY1 Rail and Road nyctv Queens Public Television SportsNet New York Staten Island Community Television Telecare YES Network

Defunct	MSG Metro Channels New Jersey Network (PBS) WRNY WWOR EMI Service KC2XAK (NBC, Bridgeport, UHF/experimental)

ATSC-M/H Mobile DTV encrypted channels are italicized	WCBS 2.1 (CBS) WNBC 4.2 (NBC, Cozi) WNYW 5.1 (Fox, via WWOR-TV 9.2, Ind.) WABC 7.1 (ABC) WWOR-TV 9.1 (Ind.) WPIX 11.1 (Ind.) WNET 13.1 (PBS) WPXN-TV 31.2 (Qubo, 31.82 Gran Cine, 31.85 NFL Net, 31.87 GOL TV, 31.88 NFL RedZone, 31.90 Starz, 31.96 AirBox) WXNY-LD 32.1 (CCTV News) WNXY-LD 43.1 (CCTV News) WNJU 47.1 (Telemundo) WRNN-TV 48.1 (Ind.) WLNY-TV 55.1 (Ind.) WLNY 55.2 (Blank) WMBC-TV 63.1 (Ind.)

New York State television Albany/Schenectady Binghamton Buffalo Burlington/Plattsburgh Elmira New York City Rochester Syracuse Utica Watertown Pennsylvania broadcast television Binghamton, New York Buffalo, New York Elmira, New York Erie Johnstown/Altoona/State College New York City Philadelphia Pittsburgh Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Susquehanna Valley (Harrisburg) Washington, DC Youngstown, Ohio See also Hartford/New Haven

Radio stations in the Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton, Pennsylvania market

By FM frequency	88.1 89.3 89.5 90.3 91.3 91.7 92.7 93.1 93.7 93.9 94.7 95.1 96.1 96.9 97.1 99.3 99.9 100.7 102.5 103.5 104.1 104.9 (Easton) 104.9 (North Whitehall Township) 105.7 107.1 107.5

By AM frequency	790 1100 1160 1230 1320 1400 1470 1600 1640

NOAA Weather Radio frequency	162.400

By callsign	W224AU W226AA W229AO W230AG W234AX W245AC W246AA W257AI W278AI W285DH W289AH WAEB WAEB-FM WBYN WBYN-FM WCTO WDIY WEEX WEST WGPA WHOL WJCS WJRH WLEV WLHI WLVR-FM WMUH WODE-FM WPNX700 WRFY-FM WSAN WTKZ WWPJ WWYY WXL39 WZZO

New York radio markets Albany–Schenectady–Troy Binghamton Buffalo–Niagara Falls Elmira–Corning Hudson Valley Nassau–Suffolk (Long Island) New York City Olean Plattsburgh Poughkeepsie Rochester Syracuse Utica–Rome Watertown Other New York radio regions Ithaca Jamestown–Dunkirk North Country Saratoga Pennsylvania radio markets Allentown–Bethlehem Altoona Bradford–Coudersport Chambersburg–Waynesboro Erie Harrisburg–Lebanon–Carlisle Lancaster Montrose New Castle Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Sayre–Towanda–Mansfield–Wellsboro Wilkes-Barre–Scranton Williamsport York Other Pennsylvania radio regions Bedford Indiana Johnstown Lewistown–Mifflintown Meadville–Franklin Punxsutawney–DuBois St. Marys–Emporium–Kane State College Stroudsburg Sunbury–Selinsgrove–Lewisburg Warren See also List of radio stations in Pennsylvania

Culture

Main article: Culture of Allentown, Pennsylvania

Arts and entertainment

The Allentown Art Museum, located on North Fifth Street in Center City Allentown.

The Allentown Symphony Orchestra performs at Allentown Symphony Hall, renamed Miller Symphony Hall, located on North Sixth Street in center city. The city also has a musical heritage of civilian concert bands, and is home to the Allentown Band, the oldest civilian concert band in the United States.^[96] The Allentown Band, Marine Band of Allentown, Municipal Band of Allentown and the Pioneer Band of Allentown all regularly perform at the bandshell in the city's West Park. Youth Education in the Arts, the sponsoring organization of The Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps, is headquartered in Allentown. The city's J. Birney Crum Stadium annually plays host to the Drum Corps International Eastern Classic, which brings together the top junior drum and bugle corps in the world for a two-day event.

Nineteenth Street Theater in Allentown.

The city houses a collection of public sculptures, including the DaVinci Horse, located on 5th Street. This sculpture is one of three in the world.

The Allentown Art Museum, located on North Fifth Street in Center City, is home to a collection of more than 13,000 pieces of art, along with an associated library. The Baum School of Art, located in downtown Allentown at 5th and Linden Streets, offers credit and non-credit classes in painting, drawing, ceramics, fashion design, jewelry making and more.

Nineteenth Street Theater has an 80-plus year history of producing theater in the Lehigh Valley. Started by two Morning Call reporters in 1927 as "Civic Little Theater", the current day Nineteenth Street Theater relies on a paid professional staff, volunteer board of directors from the community, and volunteers from the region. Civic Theater stands on three pillars: theater, film and education. Civic is a professionally directed, managed and run theater that utilizes community actors in its live theater productions. Civic also operates the Lehigh Valley’s only full-time cinema exclusively showing art, independent and foreign films and a theater school that has been served the Valley’s youth for more than 50 years.

Landmarks and popular locations

Main articles: Historical and Notable Sites in Allentown, Pennsylvania, List of city parks and recreation facilities of Allentown, Pennsylvania and National Register of Historic Places listings in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania

The city of Allentown, Pennsylvania was established in 1762 and is one of the oldest major cities in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the United States. It has deep roots in the history of the nation, being the hiding place of the Liberty Bell during the American Revolution, and its oldest city cemetery has graves of soldiers who served in the Continental Army. Over its 250-year history of the city numerous buildings, bridges, parks and other locations in the city have come and gone, but many remain, with no less than thirteen of them being on the National Register of Historic Places.

Cuisine

A cafe on 19th Street, in Allentown's West End, 2007.

Main article: Cuisine of Allentown, Pennsylvania

Vestiges of Allentown's Pennsylvania German heritage remain present in its cuisine, and foodstuffs such as scrapple, chow-chow, Lebanon bologna, cole slaw and apple butter are often found offered in local diners and the Allentown Farmer's Market. Shoofly pie, birch beer, and funnel cakes are regularly found at local fairs. Several local churches make and sell fastnachts as a fundraiser for Fastnacht Day, the day before the start of Lent.

As the population of the city has increased, many national restaurant and fast food chains have established a presence in the city. More recently, growth of the city's ethnic populations has led to the opening of many family run restaurants specializing in ethnic cuisine. Ethnic food types represented include Chinese, Colombian, Dominican, Italian, Japanese, Mexican, Lebanese, Portuguese, Puerto Rican, Thai and West Indian.

Due in part to Allentown's proximity to Philadelphia, cheesesteaks are also popular. Yocco's Hot Dogs, a regionally well-known hot dog and cheesesteak establishment with six area locations, was founded in 1922 by Theodore Iacocca, uncle of Lee Iacocca. In addition, A-Treat, a regionally-popular brand of carbonated soft drinks, has been based in Allentown since 1918.

Sports

Main article: Sports in Allentown, Pennsylvania

Coca-Cola Park in Allentown, home of the Lehigh Valley IronPigs.

Professional baseball history in Allentown dates back to 1884. Today the city hosts the Philadelphia Phillies' AAA-level Minor League baseball team, the Lehigh Valley IronPigs. In 2008, Allentown unveiled Coca-Cola Park, a $50.25 million, 8,100-seat stadium on the east-side of Allentown.^[97]

Allentown hosted the Allentown Jets, an Eastern Professional Basketball League team, from 1958 to 1981. The Jets were one of the most dominant franchises in the league's history, winning eight playoff championships and twelve division titles. The team’s home games were played in Rockne Hall at Allentown Central Catholic High School.

The city is home to the Parkettes National Gymnastics Training Center, which has been the training ground for numerous Olympians and U.S. national gymnastics champions. In 2003, CNN aired a documentary on Parkettes, Achieving the Perfect 10, which depicted it as a hugely demanding and competitive gymnastics training center.

In 2014, the PPL Center, an 8,500-seat Ice hockey arena opened as the home of the Adirondack Phantoms, the American Hockey League affiliate of the Philadelphia Flyers. The arena is located in downtown Allentown, taking up the entire block between 7th and 8th Streets and Hamilton and Linden Streets. In a controversial decision, the city invoked eminent domain to help obtain the necessary properties and a contractor was chosen in 2012. In January 2012, buildings on the current site began to be demolished to make room for the new arena.^[98]^[99]^[100] and will be the home for the Lehigh Valley Phantoms.

Allentown has been home to two professional soccer teams. The Pennsylvania Stoners (1979–1983)^[101]^[101] (2007–2009) and the Northampton Laurels FC, of the Women's Premier Soccer League (defunct). The only professional soccer team remaining in the Lehigh Valley is the FC Sonic Lehigh Valley, based in nearby Bethlehem.

Museums and cultural organizations

Allentown Art Museum, art cultural heritage
Allentown Band
Allentown Public Library
Allentown Symphony Orchestra
America On Wheels, automotive transportation
Baum School of Art
Chen Arts Group
Da Vinci Science Center,^[102] science
Lehigh County Historical Society and Lehigh Valley Heritage Center Museum,^[103] local history

Lehigh Valley Arts Council^[104]
Liberty Bell Museum, history
Mack Trucks Historical Museum, automotive transportation
Marine Band of Allentown
Municipal Band of Allentown
MunOpCo Music Theatre
Museum of Indian Culture, Native American history and culture
Nineteenth Street Theater
Pioneer Band of Allentown
The Theatre Outlet

Festivals

Mayfair Festival of the Arts, an arts and crafts festival established in 1986, is held each May at Cedar Beach Park.^[105] The Great Allentown Fair runs annually, in early September, on the grounds of the Allentown Fairgrounds, where it has been held since 1889. The first Allentown Fair was held in 1852, and between 1852 and 1899 it was held at the "Old Allentown Fairgrounds," which was located north of Liberty Street between 5th and 6th streets. The J. Birney Crum Stadium plays host to the Collegiate Marching Band Festival, held annually since 1995, as well as other marching band festivals and competitions.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from the Lehigh Valley

Allentown is the birthplace of, or home to, several notable Americans, including:^[106]

Thom Browne, fashion designer
Frank N. D. Buchman, founder of the Oxford Group and Moral Re-Armament religious movements
Howard J. Buss, composer and music publisher
Jalen Cannon, college basketball player, St. Francis College and Northeast Conference player of the year in 2014-15.^[107]
Leon Carr, Broadway composer and television advertising songwriter
Michaela Conlin, actress, Fox's Bones
Dane DeHaan, actor, HBO's In Treatment and Chronicle
Devon, porn star
Gloria Ehret, professional golfer, winner of the 1966 LPGA Championship
Victoria Fuller, sculptor
Tilghman H. Good, three-term mayor of Allentown
Peter Gruner, professional wrestler known as Billy Kidman
Scott Haltzman, psychiatrist, relationship counselor, and author (Secrets of Happily Married Men)
Tim Heidecker, star of Adult Swim show Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!
Lee Iacocca, former chairman of Chrysler Corporation
Keith Jarrett, jazz musician
Michael Johns, health care executive and former White House speechwriter
Sarah Knauss, supercentenarian, longest-lived American ever, secnd-oldest person verified to have ever lived
Brian Knobbs, former professional wrestler
Varvara Lepchenko, professional tennis player
William Marchant, playwright and screenwriter
Ed McCaffrey, former professional football player, Denver Broncos, New York Giants and San Francisco 49ers
Lara Jill Miller, voice actress, Cartoon Network's The Life and Times of Juniper Lee
Marty Ravellette, armless graduate of Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network who saved elderly woman from burning car
Andre Reed, former professional football player, Buffalo Bills and Washington Redskins
Ian Riccaboni, author and broadcaster, Ring of Honor wrestling
Matthew Riddle, professional UFC mixed martial fighter
Jerry Sags, former professional wrestler
Larry Seiple, NFL punter, two-time Super Bowl champion
Amanda Seyfried, model and actress, The CW's Veronica Mars, HBO's Big Love and the films Mamma Mia!, Dear John, Jennifer's Body and Les Misérables
Andrea Tantaros, political analyst and commentator
Christine Taylor, actress and wife of actor Ben Stiller
Mildred Ladner Thompson, former reporter for The Wall Street Journal and Tulsa World^[108]
Boris Vallejo, Peruvian-born artist
Donald Voorhees, Emmy-nominated orchestral conductor
Jamie Weinstein, political journalist and commentator
Lauren Weisberger, author, The Devil Wears Prada
Hana Wirth-Nesher, literary scholar and university professor
Joe Wolf, former professional football player, Arizona Cardinals

In popular culture

Main article: Culture of Allentown, Pennsylvania

Allentown's reputation as a rugged blue collar city has led to many references to the city in popular culture:

Allentown is mentioned as the hometown of Noelle, a participant on the A & E reality series Sexy Beasts in 2015.
Allentown is mentioned in the 2011 movie The Hangover Part II when Ed Helms sings a modified cover of Billy Joel's song "Allentown."
Allentown is mentioned in the song "Fed to Death" by indie rock band Say Anything. It is the opening song on their 2009 album Say Anything.
Allentown is mentioned in the 2008 movie The Wrestler as a location where Mickey Rourke (playing Randy "The Ram" Robinson) had wrestled leading up to his comeback.
Allentown is where the Free Armies and the U.S. military first meet in combat in the fictional comic series DMZ Comics, launched in 2005 by DC Comics.
On August 10, 2003, CNN broadcast Achieving the Perfect 10, a critical documentary about the Parkettes National Gymnastics Training Center, located in Allentown.
The TV production company Medstar Television, which produced the series Medical Detectives from 1996 to 2000, and the series Forensic Files from 2000 on, is headquartered in Allentown. Locations throughout the city have been used as settings for dramatic reenactments of crimes profiled by the shows.
In Season 4, Episode 14 ("Memento Mori") of the X-Files, broadcast February 9, 1997, Mulder and Scully travel to Allentown to find women who might know how to cure Scully's cancer.
In Season 3, Episode 9 ("Nisei") of the X-Files, broadcast November 24, 1995, Agents Mulder and Scully travel to Allentown to track down the distributor of an alien autopsy tape, but they find him murdered.
The 1990 dark comedy film, I Love You to Death, directed by Lawrence Kasdan, is based on an attempted murder that happened in 1983 in Allentown.

Dorney Park and Wildwater Kingdom's Steel Force and Thunderhawk roller coasters, just outside Allentown. Steel Force opened in 1997 as the tallest and fastest roller coaster on the East Coast of the United States, with a first drop of 205 feet (62 m) and a top speed of 75 miles per hour (121 km/h).^[109]

Allentown's Dorney Park was a film location for John Waters' Hairspray, released in 1988.
The city is the subject of the popular Billy Joel song, "Allentown", originally released on The Nylon Curtain album in 1982. Joel's song uses Allentown as a metaphor for the resilience of working class Americans in distressed industrial cities during the recession of the early 1980s.
Allentown is the hometown of up and coming showgirl Peggy Sawyer in the long-running, Tony Award-winning Broadway musical 42nd Street, released in 1980, and its associated Academy Award-nominated movie. When Sawyer expresses her desire to leave Broadway to return to Allentown, the show's director and entire cast successfully dissuade her by singing the famed musical number "The Lullaby of Broadway."
Allentown is mentioned twice in the 1970 Frank Sinatra song "The Train," which appears as the first song on his album Watertown.
Allentown was the film location for much of James Neilson's film Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows, released in 1969.
Allentown is mentioned in the ABC Family Show Pretty Little Liars
Hiding The Bell, a 1968 historical fiction novel by Ruth Nulton Moore, chronicles the events surrounding the hiding of the Liberty Bell in Allentown in 1777.^[110]
Allentown was the subject of the 1963 Irving Gordon song "Allentown Jail", which was subsequently recorded by several other artists, including The Kingston Trio, The Lettermen, The Seekers and Jo Stafford.
In the 1960 musical Bye Bye Birdie, character Rosie Alvarez is from Allentown. In the song "Spanish Rose," she sings: "I'm just a Spanish Tamale according to Mae/ Right off the boat from the tropics, far, far away/ Which is kinda funny, since where I come from is Allentown, PA."
Allentown is mentioned in the 1957 book, On the Road, by Jack Kerouac.
Allentown was the home town of the fictional Detective Arthur Dietrich (Steve Landesberg) in the television program Barney Miller (1975–1982).

Sister cities and twin cities

Main article: List of sister cities in Pennsylvania

Allentown has three official sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International:

Allentown also has two designated "twin cities":

Notes

↑ Official records for Allentown were kept at Allentown Gas Company from March 1922 to December 1943, and at Lehigh Valley Int'l since January 1944. For more information, see ThreadEx.

References

↑ Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "'Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's.". The Morning Call. pp. B.03. . "Queen City's origins as an Allentown nickname are obscure. It is believed to come from a turn-of-the-century competition hosted by the Allentown Chamber of Commerce. The winning entry was said to be Queen City."
↑ Wholberg, Julie. "The New Main Street? A-Town's 19th Street Experience". The Morning Call.
↑ Salter, Rosa (April 20, 2003). "Two in tune with the times ** At 175, Allentown Band, America's oldest, preserves best of tradition.". The Morning Call. pp. E.01. . "1967: Allentown named Band City-U.S.A"
↑ Whelan, Frank (March 13, 2002). "Hamilton Street used to be thick with peanut shells ** And Allentown's Army Camp Crane once had a popular commander.". The Morning Call. pp. B.04. . "Allentown's title as the Peanut City goes back to the late 19th and early 20th century when large amounts of them were eaten in the Lehigh Valley. From the 1880s to the 1920s, vendors lined Hamilton Street, singing jingles in Pennsylvania Dutch about the superior quality of their peanuts. Former Call-Chronicle Sunday editor John Y. Kohl recalled in 1967 that the peanuts were eaten mostly by young men and boys who would walk Hamilton Street on Saturday nights flirting with girls and 'throwing the shells about with complete abandon.' Sunday morning sidewalks were 'not quite ankle deep' in shells. Merchants would get up early to sweep them into the gutter so churchgoers would not have to wade through them.'"
↑ Whelan, Frank (May 7, 1991). "Cement City' Moniker Is A Mystery American Heritage Says Label Was Allentown's.". The Morning Call. pp. B.03. . "Silk City for example, is a throwback to the late 19th and early 20th century, when Allentown was known for its many silk mills. Although the last mill closed a few years ago, the name hangs on in the minds of older residents."
↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
↑ "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Pennsylvania's 2010 Census Population Totals".
↑ "About Lehigh County". Lehigh County official website. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved June 8, 2006.
↑ "City of Allentown - PA - Official Site". allentownpa.gov.
↑ "Phoenix drops to 6th largest city".
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Allentown PA Bicentennial – Lehigh Country Sesquicentennial 1962 Commemorative Book
1 2 3 4 5 Page 17. Source indicates that the foundations of the lodge were located and destroyed in 1845 when excavations took place for Jordan Street.
↑ Roberts, Charles R. (1908). "William Allen, the Founder of Allentown, and His Descendants" (PDF). Proceedings of the Lehigh County Historical Society (Allentown, Pennsylvania: Lehigh County Historical Society) (1st): 22–43. Retrieved August 17, 2008.
↑ "Lehigh County – 4th class" (PDF). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved June 3, 2007.
1 2 The Moll Family in Pennsylvania, Molls in the Revolution
↑ A History of Lehigh County, PA, Published by James J. Haurer - 1902
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Past, Present and Future of the City of Allentown, Pennsylvania, Allentown Board of Trade, 1886
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Allentown, 1762–1987, a 225 Year history, Volume II, 1921–1987, Lehigh County Historical Society, 1987.
1 2 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD, Hamilton Street Bridge (Dam #7), HAER No. PA-89 Jean P. Yearby, HA.ER, 1985, United States Department of the Interior, Philadelphia, PA, 19106
↑ Mathews, Alfred; Hungerford, Austin N. (1884-01-01). History of the Counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Everts & Richards.
↑ Hauser, James J[oseph (1902-01-01). A history of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, from the earliest settlements to the present time, including much valuable information for the use of schools, families, libraries. Allentown, Pa., Jacks, the printer.
↑ Croll, Philip Columbus; Schuler, Henry Addison; Kriebel, Howard Wiegner (1912-01-01). The Penn Germania ...: A Popular Journal of German History and Ideals in the United States. P.C. Croll.
1 2 "History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5; prepared in compliance with acts of the legislature, by Samuel P. Bates.". quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
↑ "The Honorable John Peter Shindel Gobin". 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
↑ "About the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers". 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
↑ Schmidt, Lewis G (1986-01-01). A Civil War history of the 47th Regiment of Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers: the wrong place at the wrong time. Allentown, Pa. (124 N. West St., Allentown 18102): L.G. Schmidt.
↑ "Horlacher Brewing Company". Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
↑ "Neuweiler Brewery". Retrieved June 1, 2007.
↑ "$44 Million Guinness Investment Will Create 250 Jobs at Pennsylvania Brewery". Archived from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
↑ "Sam Adams purchases Upper Macungie Twp. plant for $55 M". Retrieved January 12, 2011.
↑ At&t Decided To Bring High Tech 50 Years Ago October 08, 1995|by FRANK WHELAN, The Morning Call
↑ Allentownpa.gov city history
1 2 3 Allentown Neighborhood Improvement Zone (NIZ)
↑ "History of Allentown". Allentown website. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
↑ "Two City Center the first to open in Allentown arena zone". tribunedigital-mcall.
↑ "National Penn Bank Moves Ahead With Allentown Relocation". The Post.
1 2 3 "Allentown Pa Arena block will cost $272 million". tribunedigital-mcall.
↑ "Renaissance Allentown Hotel". Marriott.
↑ "Allentown Arena Hotel to be a Marriott Renaissance". tribunedigital-mcall.
↑ Neighborhood Improvement Zone (NIZ)
↑ Kraus, Scott; Assad, Matt (February 4, 2012). "Allentown Hockey Arena Costs Adding Up". The Morning Call. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
↑ Kraus, Scott (July 11, 2012). "Arena on Track to Rise in Fall With Pennsylvania Steel". The Morning Call. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
↑ "Allentown completes bond sales, receives funding for hockey arena project". lehighvalleylive.com.
↑ Ann Bartholomew (Author), Carol M. Front (Author) (2002), Allentown (Images of America), Arcadia Publishing (April 8, 2002), ISBN 0738509965, p38
↑ "About Symphony Hall". Allentown Symphony Association official website. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
↑ Old Allentown Web Site
1 2 Whelan, Frank (May 29, 2005). "West Park the iconic home for Allentown bands.". The Morning Call. pp. E.1.
1 2 "Allentown, PA – Parks". Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2007.
↑ "Normal Monthly Precipitation, Inches". Archived from the original on November 13, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
↑ "Snowfall – Average Total In Inches". Archived from the original on November 15, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
↑ "Average Days of Precipitation, .01 cm or more". Archived from the original on November 3, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
↑ "Average Monthly Precipitation". Archived from the original on November 13, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006.
↑ Agricultural Research Center, PRISM Climate Group Oregon State University. "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
↑ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
↑ "WMO Climate Normals for ALLENTOWN/A.-BETHLEHEM, PA 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
↑ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved August 28, 2013.
↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013". Retrieved June 11, 2014.
↑ "Allentown (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". census.gov.
↑ http://media.lehighvalleylive.com/today_impact/other/december09unemployment.pdf
↑ "Air Products Web Page Listing of Corporate Headquarters". Archived from the original on November 1, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
↑ "Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation – Largest Lehigh Valley Employers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
↑ "100 Best Companies to Work for 2007: Lehigh Valley Hospital & Health Network". CNN. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
↑ Blumenau, Kurt (April 8, 2007). "Valley of the malls ** The region is in the midst of biggest burst of building since 1970s.". The Morning Call. pp. A.1.
↑ Blumenau, Kurt (April 25, 2004). "The different sides of Whitehall Mall ** MacArthur Road's first retail center has changed over time. More is to come.". The Morning Call. pp. AA.1.
↑ Bieber Tourways timetable, 2014, http://webstore.biebertourways.com/schedules.asp
↑ Trans-Bridge Lines timetable, 2014, http://transbridgelines.com/daily.htm
↑ Susquehanna Trailways timetable, 2014, http://www.susquehannabus.com/schedules.asp
↑ Central Railroad of New Jersey's timetable: http://timetables.m72express.com/scans/CNJ-LehighSusq1930TT.gif The Lehigh Valley Railroad's Black Diamond timetable, http://njrails.tripod.com/20th_Century/LehighValley/Black_Diamond/lv_bdtt.jpg
↑ http://njrails.tripod.com/20th_Century/LehighValley/Black_Diamond/lv_bdtt.jpg
↑ The Black Diamond. American-rails.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
↑ "County eyes N.J. rail extension to area," The Morning Call, November 7, 2008.
↑ "Norfolk Southern Corporate Profile". Retrieved June 22, 2007.
↑ "R.J. Corman Railroad Group Allentown Lines". Archived from the original on August 3, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
↑ Moss, Linda (August 1, 2005). "In the Keystone State, Service Electric Thrives". Multichannel News. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
↑ "Government". allentownpa.gov.
1 2 "City of Allentown – City Controller". Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
↑ "City of Allentown – City Council Members". Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
↑ "City of Allentown – City Controller". Retrieved June 19, 2008.
1 2 "Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics". U.S. Federal Government. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
1 2 Fire. Allentownpa.gov. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
1 2 About. Allentownpa.gov. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
1 2 Special Teams. Allentownpa.gov. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
↑ "Public School Districts". National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education (2005–06 School Year). Retrieved November 6, 2008.
↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, School Performance Profile – Allentown School District, October 2013
↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (July 2012). "Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credit Program".
↑ Haymon, Elizabeth; Weiss, Andrew (January 16, 2007). "ASD building program is about growth, quality.". The Morning Call. pp. A.7.
↑ "Course/Programs". Lehigh Carbon Community College. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
↑ "2007 Top 100 Daily Newspapers in the U.S. by Circulation" (PDF). BurrellesLuce. March 31, 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2007.
↑ "StationRatings.com – Allentown/Bethlehem, PA". Retrieved May 11, 2008.
↑ "TV Market Maps". Echostar Knowledge Base website. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
↑ "About WFMZ-TV". WFMZ-TV official website. Archived from the original on May 23, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
↑ "About Us". WBPH-TV official website. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
↑ "Home Page". WLVT-TV official website. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
↑ Whelan, Frank (June 29, 2003). "'Band' plays on words and pictures to tell informal history". The Morning Call. pp. E.!.
↑ Isherwood, Darryl R. (October 25, 2008). "Stadium's final cost hits $50.25 million". The Morning Call (Allentown, Pennsylvania). Retrieved October 25, 2008.
↑ Allentown council authorizes use of eminent domain for hockey arena if needed. lehighvalleylive.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.
↑ "Hanover Township rejects Allentown arena zone settlement offer". tribunedigital-mcall.
↑ "Bethlehem Township commissioners reject arena tax deal". tribunedigital-mcall.
1 2 Long, Ernie (December 13, 1999). "The Popular Stoners Were Hurt By League: ASL Got Away From What Made It Successful, Which Destroyed Allentown Team". The Morning Call.
↑ "Da Vinci Science Center - Open for ExSCIting Possibilities". Da Vinci Science Center.
↑ "Welcome to LCHS". lchs.museum.
↑ Lehigh Valley Arts Council Official Web Site
↑ "Mayfair Festival". mayfairfestival.org.
↑ "Famous People from the Lehigh Valley," The Baltimore Sun, retrieved March 5, 2015.
↑ "Northeast Conference - St. Francis Brooklyn's Jalen Cannon Named NEC Men's Basketball Player of the Year". Northeast Conference.
↑ Stanley, Tim. "Mildred Ladner Thompson 1918–2013: Former Tulsa World columnist witnessed history". Tulsa World (2013-07-07). Retrieved July 16, 2013.
↑ "Rollercoaster Database: Steel Force (Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom)". Retrieved July 10, 2008.
↑ Hiding The Bell by Ruth Nulton Moore Westminster Press, 1968

External links

Allentown official site
Allentown QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau
Allentown's Involvement in the Civil War: Allen Infantry ("Allen Guards", April–July 1861)
Allentown's Involvement in the Civil War: Allen Rifles (from the unit's founding as the "Lehigh Fencibles" in 1849 up to its 1870 reformation)
Allentown's Involvement in the Civil War: Company I, 1st Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry (April–July 1861)
Allentown's Involvement in the Civil War: 47th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry (1861-1865)
Allentown's Involvement in the Civil War: Jordan Artillerists ("Jordan Artillery", from the unit's founding in 1856)
Allentown Travel Information at Traveltips
Allentown travel guide from Wikivoyage

Walbert, South Whitehall Township

Fullerton, Whitehall Township

Catasauqua ; Bethlehem

Cetronia ; Dorneyville

Bethlehem ; Salisbury Township ; Fountain Hill

Allentown

Emmaus ; Salisbury Township

Summit Lawn

Articles relating to Allentown

City of Allentown

Architecture Climate County Culture Cuisine Current mayor Demographics Economy History of baseball Historic sites Mayors Media Neighborhoods Notable people Parking Authority Parks Region School District Shopping malls Sites of interest Sports Transportation

Lehigh Valley

States	Pennsylvania New Jersey

Counties	Carbon Lehigh Northampton Warren

Three Cities	Allentown Bethlehem Easton

Cities and towns 100k-250k	Allentown

Cities and towns 50k-99k	Bethlehem

Cities and towns 10-50k	Bethlehem Township Easton Emmaus Forks Township Hanover Township Lehigh Township Lower Macungie Township Lower Saucon Township North Whitehall Township Northampton Palmer Township Phillipsburg Salisbury Township South Whitehall Township Upper Macungie Township Upper Saucon Township Whitehall Township

Regions	Saucon Valley

People	List of people from the Lehigh Valley

Municipalities and communities of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States

County seat: Allentown

Cities	Allentown Bethlehem‡

Boroughs	Alburtis Catasauqua Coopersburg Coplay Emmaus Fountain Hill Macungie Slatington

Townships	Hanover Heidelberg Lower Macungie Lower Milford Lowhill Lynn North Whitehall Salisbury South Whitehall Upper Macungie Upper Milford Upper Saucon Washington Weisenberg Whitehall

CDPs	Ancient Oaks Breinigsville Cementon Cetronia DeSales University Dorneyville Egypt Fullerton Hokendauqua Laurys Station New Tripoli Schnecksville Slatedale Stiles Trexlertown Wescosville

Unincorporated communities	Balliettsville Best Station Center Valley Colesville‡ East Texas Emerald Evergreen Park Fogelsville Gauff Hill Germansville Hensingersville‡ Hosensack Ironton Kuhnsville Lanark Limeport Locust Valley Lynnport Neffs New Smithville Old Zionsville Orefield Pleasant Corners Powder Valley Scherersville Schoenersville‡ Shimerville Summit Lawn Vera Cruz Walbert Wanamakers Werleys Corner West Catasauqua Zionsville

Footnotes	‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

County seats of Pennsylvania

Cities	Allentown Butler Easton Chester (1682-1851) Erie Franklin Greensburg Harrisburg Lancaster Lebanon Lock Haven Meadville New Castle Philadelphia Pittsburgh Pottsville Reading Scranton Sunbury Uniontown Warren Washington Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York

Boroughs	Beaver Bedford Bellefonte Brookville Carlisle Chambersburg Clarion Clearfield Coudersport Danville Doylestown Ebensburg Emporium Gettysburg Hollidaysburg Honesdale Huntingdon Indiana Jim Thorpe Kittanning Laporte Lewisburg Lewistown McConnellsburg Media Mercer Middleburg Mifflintown Milford Montrose New Bloomfield Norristown Ridgway Smethport Somerset Stroudsburg Tionesta Towanda Tunkhannock Waynesburg Wellsboro West Chester

Town	Bloomsburg

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Harrisburg (capital)

Topics	Index Delegations Government History Geography Geology Law Pennsylvanians State parks Symbols Visitor attractions

Society	Agriculture Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Gambling Politics Sports

Metro areas	Altoona Baltimore-Washington Erie Harrisburg–Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon Lehigh Valley New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton‑Wilkes-Barre State College Williamsport York-Hanover

Largest cities	Allentown Altoona Bethlehem Butler Chester DuBois Easton Erie Greensburg Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon McKeesport New Castle Philadelphia Pittsburgh Pottsville Reading Scranton Sunbury Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York

Largest municipalities	Abington Bensalem Bethel Park Bristol Cheltenham Cranberry Darby Falls Hampden Haverford Hempfield Lower Macungie Lower Makefield Lower Merion Lower Paxton Manheim McCandless Middletown Millcreek Township Monroeville Mount Lebanon Norristown Northampton North Huntingdon Penn Hills Radnor Ridley Ross Shaler Spring State College Tredyffrin Upper Darby Upper Merion Warminster West Chester Whitehall York Township

Regions	Allegheny Mountains Allegheny National Forest Allegheny Plateau Atlantic Coastal Plain Bald Eagle Valley Blue Ridge Central Coal Region Cumberland Valley Delaware Valley Dutch Country Eastern Endless Mountains Great Valley Mahoning Valley Happy Valley Laurel Highlands Lehigh Valley Main Line Moshannon Valley Nittany Valley Northeastern Northern Tier Northern Northwestern Ohio Valley Oil Region Pennsylvania Highlands Penns Valley Philicon Valley Piedmont Pocono Mountains Ridge and Valley Saucon Valley South Central Southeastern Southern Southwestern Susquehanna Valley Western Wyoming Valley

Counties	Adams Allegheny Armstrong Beaver Bedford Berks Blair Bradford Bucks Butler Cambria Cameron Carbon Centre Chester Clarion Clearfield Clinton Columbia Crawford Cumberland Dauphin Delaware Elk Erie Fayette Forest Franklin Fulton Greene Huntingdon Indiana Jefferson Juniata Lackawanna Lancaster Lawrence Lebanon Lehigh Luzerne Lycoming McKean Mercer Mifflin Monroe Montgomery Montour Northampton Northumberland Perry Philadelphia Pike Potter Schuylkill Snyder Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna Tioga Union Venango Warren Washington Wayne Westmoreland Wyoming York

Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in Pennsylvania

State capital: Eric Papenfuse (Harrisburg)

Jim Kenney (Philadelphia) Bill Peduto (Pittsburgh) Ed Pawlowski (Allentown)

Other states AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

Home Rule Municipalities in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

First Class	Township of Cheltenham Township of Haverford Township of McCandless Township of Mt. Lebanon Township of O'Hara Township of Penn Hills City of Philadelphia Township of Plymouth Township of Radnor Township of Upper Darby Township of Upper St. Clair Township of Whitehall Township of Wilkes-Barre

Second Class	Township of Chester Township of Elk Township of Ferguson Township of Hampton Township of Hanover Township of Horsham Borough of Kingston Township of Middletown Township of Peters Township of Pine City of Pittsburgh Township of Richland Township of Tredyffrin Township of Upper Providence Township of West Deer Township of Whitemarsh

Third Class	City of Allentown City of Carbondale City of Chester City of Clairton City of Coatesville City of Farrell City of Franklin City of Greensburg City of Hermitage City of Johnstown Borough of Latrobe City of Lebanon City of McKeesport City of Reading City of St. Marys City of Warren City of Wilkes-Barre

N/A	Borough of Bellevue Borough of Bethel Park Borough of Bradford Woods Borough of Bryn Athyn Borough of Cambridge Springs Borough of Chalfont City of DuBois Borough of Edinboro Borough of Greentree City of Hazleton Township of Kingston Borough of Monroeville Borough of Murrysville Borough of Norristown Borough of Portage Township of Salisbury City of Scranton Borough of State College Borough of Tyrone Borough of West Chester Borough of Whitehall Borough of Youngsville

Authority control	WorldCat VIAF: 131339567 LCCN: n79114028 GND: 4281234-3

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, February 06, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.